Carl R. Phillips, Sam D. Cappel and Dirk D. Steiner
Unquestionably, the appraisal interview is a significant part of the performance appraisal process. It is in this formal interview that feedback on subordinate performance is…
Abstract
Unquestionably, the appraisal interview is a significant part of the performance appraisal process. It is in this formal interview that feedback on subordinate performance is communicated, salary/promotion discussions are held, ways of correcting performance deficiencies are discussed, training and development needs are explored, and future work goals and objectives are delineated (Eichel & Bender, 1984; Pratt, 1985).
Alicia Grandey, Anat Rafaeli, Shy Ravid, Jochen Wirtz and Dirk D. Steiner
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how emotion display rules are influenced by relational, occupational, and cultural expectations.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how emotion display rules are influenced by relational, occupational, and cultural expectations.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors compare these influences by assessing anger and happiness display rules toward customers, coworkers, and supervisors across four cultures.
Findings
Overall, the findings suggest that anger can be expressed with coworkers, can be slightly leaked to supervisors, but must be almost completely suppressed with customers. In contrast, happiness expression is most acceptable with coworkers. Moreover, though culture dimensions (i.e. power distance and collectivism) do predict display rules with organizational members, display rules with customers are fairly consistent across culture, with two exceptions. French respondents are more accepting of anger expression with customers, while American respondents report the highest expectations for expressing happiness to customers.
Practical implications
The results support that several countries share the “service with a smile” expectations for customers, but these beliefs are more strongly held in the USA than in other cultures. Thus, importing practices from the USA to other culturally distinct countries may be met with resistance. Management must be aware of cultural differences in emotions and emotion norms, as outlined here, to improve the experience of employees of globalized service organizations.
Originality/value
The authors integrate social, occupational, and cultural theoretical perspectives of emotional display rules, and build on the small but growing research identifying variation in display rules by work target, specifically speaking to the globalized “service culture.”
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Jeffrey M. Conte, Tracey E. Rizzuto and Dirk D. Steiner
This paper provided construct validity evidence for polychronicity in two related studies. Study 1 assessed the relationship between individuals’ stated polychronicity preferences…
Abstract
This paper provided construct validity evidence for polychronicity in two related studies. Study 1 assessed the relationship between individuals’ stated polychronicity preferences and peer ratings of polychronicity in a multitrait‐multimethod design, which indicated that different raters were able to agree about an individual’s polychronicity. Additional construct validity evidence was provided by linking polychronicity to several potentially related constructs such as achievement striving, impatience/irritability, stress, and performance. In study 2, hypothesized relationships between polychronicity and both time urgency and time management behavior dimensions were supported. In addition, similar relationships between polychronicity and time urgency dimensions were identified across French and US samples. Together, these two studies provide a clearer understanding of the correlates and potential outcomes of polychronicity. Directions for future research are also discussed.
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Abstract
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Stephen M. Fiore, Dorothy R. Carter and Raquel Asencio
In this chapter we discuss attitudinal and affective factors in the context of science teams. We review some of the key findings on conflict, trust, and cohesion in teams and…
Abstract
In this chapter we discuss attitudinal and affective factors in the context of science teams. We review some of the key findings on conflict, trust, and cohesion in teams and discuss the differentiation between team-related and task-related definitions of each. In so doing, we discuss their relevance to team effectiveness in science teams and provide guidance on notional areas of research for understanding how these are related to effectiveness in science teams.
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Marte Pettersen Buvik and Sturle Danielsen Tvedt
The purpose of this study is to shed more light on the complex relationship between trust and performance in the context of cross-functional project teams. This study presents a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to shed more light on the complex relationship between trust and performance in the context of cross-functional project teams. This study presents a moderated mediation model that investigates the impact of team trust on team performance mediated by project commitment and moderated by climate strength (the consensus among team members on the level of trust).
Design/methodology/approach
To test the proposed model, data were collected from 179 project team members in 31 Norwegian construction project teams.
Findings
Results indicated that project commitment fully mediates the relationship between propensity and trustworthiness and team performance, while it partially mediates the relationship between cooperation and team performance. For monitoring, there results showed no mediation. The results yielded no support for the moderation effects of climate strength, suggesting that the mean-level approach to studying trust at the team level still is important.
Research limitations/implications
Cross-sectional survey data suffer from being unable to test causality and samples are relatively small. Future research should test the models on other samples and in combination with data other than self-report. Longitudinal and multilevel studies are also warranted.
Practical implications
The results suggest that trust has an impact on project commitment and both directly and indirectly on team performance. Interventions to develop a high trust climate in project teams can thus contribute to improved project performance.
Originality/value
This study offers new insight into the complex relationship between trust and performance and improves our understanding of trust in cross-functional project teams.
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Lukas Zenk, Dirk J. Primus and Stephan Sonnenburg
Do LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® (LSP) workshops result in improved experience of flow components as well as higher levels of creative output than traditional meetings (MEET)? This research…
Abstract
Purpose
Do LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® (LSP) workshops result in improved experience of flow components as well as higher levels of creative output than traditional meetings (MEET)? This research studies the extent to which LSP, as a specialized material-mediated and process-oriented cocreative workshop setting, differs from MEET, a traditional workshop setting. Hypotheses for differences in individual flow components (autotelic behavior, happiness, balance), group flow components (equal participation, continuous communication) and creative output were developed and tested in a quasi-experimental comparison between LSP and MEET.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted with 39 practitioners in six teams from various industries. In total, 164 observations were collected during two workshops using the Experience Sampling Method. The creative output was assessed by peer evaluations of all participants, followed by structural analysis and quantitative group comparisons.
Findings
The results show that two components of individual flow experience (autotelic behavior, happiness) were significantly higher in LSP, and one of the components of group flow experience (continuous communication) was, as expected, significantly lower. Regarding creative output, the LSP teams outperformed the MEET teams. The study suggests that a process-oriented setting that includes time for individuals to independently explore their ideas using a different kind of material in the presence of other participants has a significant influence on the team result.
Practical implications
LSP can improve the components of participants' flow experience to have an impact on the creative output of teams. In cocreative settings like LSP, teams benefit from a combination of alone time and high-quality collaborative activities using boundary objects and a clear process to share their ideas.
Originality/value
This is the first quasi-experimental study with management practitioners as participants to compare LSP with a traditional and widespread workshop approach in the context of flow experience and creative output.
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Rohit Trivedi, Thorsten Teichert and Dirk Hardeck
Despite quick response (QR) codes’ prominence, little is known about their embedding in pull-based communications. This study aims to measure QR code effects in print advertising…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite quick response (QR) codes’ prominence, little is known about their embedding in pull-based communications. This study aims to measure QR code effects in print advertising along five different stages of consumer decision making, using advertisement appeals with moderating effects of product category involvement.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were derived from a German market research initiative with 326,212 consumer evaluations for 792 real print advertisements from 26 product categories. Multinomial logit models were used to investigate the effects of QR code presence on consumer reactions.
Findings
QR codes steer purchase intention in a low-involvement product category if used alongside an emotional appeal. Advertisements for high-involvement products benefit if QR codes are combined with an overall informational appeal. QR codes do not enhance the persuasive effects of advertisements’ informational appeals in a low-involvement product category.
Research limitations/implications
The effects of QR codes on consumers’ responses cannot be analysed in isolation but depend on advertisement context. They interact with advertisements’ informational and emotional appeals and product category involvement.
Practical implications
Marketers should not use QR codes indiscriminately but should carefully consider advertisement context. QR codes should be used alongside an emotional appeal if the marketer’s objective is to induce purchase intention in low-involvement settings. Advertisements for high-involvement products need to combine QR codes with an informational appeal.
Originality/value
This study highlights the interplay of effects in print advertisements, which are typically considered push-based when they are combined with QR codes as pull-based communications in the digital marketing area.
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Pawan Budhwar, Andy Crane, Annette Davies, Rick Delbridge, Tim Edwards, Mahmoud Ezzamel, Lloyd Harris, Emmanuel Ogbonna and Robyn Thomas
Wonders whether companies actually have employees best interests at heart across physical, mental and spiritual spheres. Posits that most organizations ignore their workforce �…
Abstract
Wonders whether companies actually have employees best interests at heart across physical, mental and spiritual spheres. Posits that most organizations ignore their workforce – not even, in many cases, describing workers as assets! Describes many studies to back up this claim in theis work based on the 2002 Employment Research Unit Annual Conference, in Cardiff, Wales.
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Dirk Godenau, Gloria Martin-Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio González Gómez and Jose Juan Caceres-Hernandez
This paper aims to deal with the grape sourcing strategies of wineries in the Canary Islands.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to deal with the grape sourcing strategies of wineries in the Canary Islands.
Design/methodology/approach
Sourcing decisions are analysed from official registers of transactions between wineries and their external suppliers. The main sources of information are harvest reports submitted by wineries containing data about observable dimensions of their purchasing decisions. The general behaviour in the wine-grape zones that make up the grape market in the Canary Islands is described, and different strategies of individual wineries are revealed. Grape purchasing decisions are interpreted in terms of the potential explanatory factors involved in the undeclared objectives of wineries’ sourcing strategies. Two research questions are considered in this study: the spatial dimension, which refers to plot location, and the social dimension, which refers to the relationships between wineries and winegrowers.
Findings
The location of grape producers is a key factor in achieving the desired wine quality for wineries. The sourcing strategy of wineries is also influenced by size, but the impact of size varies depending on the short and long-term objectives of wineries.
Originality/value
Typically the literature on grape sourcing strategies relies on interviews with winemakers. However, this paper analyses wineries’ sourcing decisions based on records and reports that reveal their decisions in the specific context of the Canary Islands.