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Spurred by the internationalization trend, many architectural professional bodies across the globe relaxed their norms related to the acceptance of promotion and marketing within the services. However, in India, the architectural services codes have not reflected any changes. This paper aims to focus on Indian architectural practice and attempts to investigate about the causes of low marketing activities within the practice in the country.

The study is based on a primary research process of data collection through survey administration. Survey is conducted using a close-ended structured questionnaire based on Likert scale technique. The data are analysed using both descriptive and empirical research techniques mainly, factor analysis. The sample is defined using random clustering sampling technique, from the list of architects registered with the professional regulating body of India, i.e. the Council of Architecture.

The findings of the study are suggestive that architectural firms in India are instinctively practising marketing-related activities, to position their firm to attract clients without formally adopting them. There appears to be a silent routinization of the marketing tasks in the firms. The findings are suggestive of academic and professional ignorance as one of the barriers towards marketing. The findings advocate that recognizing the growing competitive nature of architectural practices in the country, the regulatory and institutional body, Council of Architecture, may retrospect their code of conduct. The results of the present study have a great implication on the architectural education in the country. The findings advocate that the architectural curriculum in the country should be broadened to include the basic knowledge about marketing.

The present study opens a newer paradigm in the practice of architectural services. It highlights the growing linkages between the field of marketing and architecture. It opens a new area of research where linkages between interdisciplinary fields is an important aspect that needs researchers attention, to have a good model of survival for professional firms in a highly competitive environment.

The research findings have great implications for the architectural firms that seek to operate in the globally volatile environment. The increasing competitive nature of the architectural services in India demands a dynamic decision and procurement methods that can strategically position firms in the market. Marketing strategies have a significant role in positioning firms and increasing their client base.

The subject of architectural practice and its operation is an under-researched area. The present study makes a strong point for formal involvement of marketing strategies in the promotion of architectural firms in India. The paper attempts to bridge this gap, and the strength of the paper lies in the empirical nature of its investigation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of varying proportions of reinforcement on the mechanical properties of a modified Al₂O₃-LM6 cast composite under self-pouring temperature conditions. This study aims to determine the optimal mixture proportion of fine powders of Al, Si and xAl₂O₃ (with x values of 2%, 3% and 4%) through the application of design of experiment (DoE) and statistical analysis using the Minitab software. This study also involved evaluating the microstructural estimation and other physical properties of the cast composite to understand the combined effect of the reinforcement proportion on the material’s properties.

The researchers initially mixed the powders through ball milling and then compacted the moisture-free powder mix in a closed steel die. The resulting preforms were heated at the self-pouring temperature in an inert environment to fabricate the final cast composite. By applying DoE and performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the researchers sought to optimize the mixture proportion that would yield the best mechanical properties.

The experimental results indicated that a mixture combination of 83.5% Al blended with 12.5% Si and 4% Al₂O₃ led to the greatest improvement in mechanical properties, specifically in terms of increased density, hardness and impact strength. The ANOVA further supported the interaction effect of each processing parameter on the observed results. The results of this study offer valuable insights for the fabrication of modified Al₂O₃-LM6 cast composites under self-pouring temperature conditions. The identified optimal mixture proportion provides guidance for manufacturing processes and material selection to achieve improved mechanical properties in similar applications.

This study focuses on a specific composite material consisting of modified Al₂O₃ and LM6. Although Al₂O₃ and LM6 have been studied individually in various contexts, the combination of these materials and their impact on mechanical properties under self-pouring temperature conditions is a novel aspect of this research. The researchers use DoE methodology, along with statistical analysis using Minitab software, to optimize the mixture proportion and analyze the data. This systematic approach allows for a comprehensive exploration of the parameter space and the identification of significant factors that influence the mechanical properties of the composite.

The purpose of this study is to explore the mist-air film cooling performance on a three-dimensional (3-D) flat plate. In mist-air film cooling technique, a small amount of water droplets is injected along with the coolant air. The objective is to study the influence of shape of the coolant hole and operating conditions on the cooling effectiveness.

In this study, 3-D numerical simulations are performed. To simulate the mist-air film cooling over a flat plate, air is considered as a continuous phase and mist is considered as a discrete phase. Turbulence in the flow is accounted using Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equation and is modeled using k–e model with enhanced wall treatment.

The results of this study show that, for cylindrical coolant hole, coolant with 5% mist concentration is not effective for mainstream temperatures above 600 K, whereas for fan-shaped hole, even 2% mist concentration has shown significant impact on cooling effectiveness for temperatures up to 1,000 K. For given mist-air coolant flow conditions, different trend in effectiveness is observed for cylindrical and fan-shaped coolant hole with respect to main stream temperature.

This study is limited to a flat plate geometry with single coolant hole.

The motivation of this study comes from the requirement of high efficiency cooling techniques for cooling of gas turbine blades. This study aims to study the performance of mist-air film cooling at different geometric and operating conditions.

The originality of this study lies in studying the effect of parameters such as mist concentration, droplet size and blowing ratio on cooling performance, particularly at high mainstream temperatures. In addition, a systematic performance comparison is presented between the cylindrical and fan-shaped cooling hole geometries.

This study aims to improve the acceleration in the additive manufacturing (AM) process. AM tools, such as extrusion heads, jets, electric arcs, lasers and electron beams (EB), experience negligible forces. However, their speeds are limited by the positioning systems. In addition, a thin tool must travel several kilometers in tiny motions with several turns while realizing the AM part. Hence, acceleration is a more significant limiting factor than the velocity or precision for all except EB.

The sawtooth (ST) scanning strategy presented in this paper minimizes the time by combining three motion features: zigzag scan, 45º or 135º rotation for successive layers in G00 to avoid the CNC interpolation, and modifying these movements along 45º or 135º into sawtooth to halve the turns.

Sawtooth effectiveness is tested using an in-house developed Sand AM (SaAM) apparatus based on the laser–powder bed fusion AM technique. For a simple rectangle layer, the sawtooth achieved a path length reduction of 0.19%–1.49% and reduced the overall time by 3.508–4.889 times, proving that sawtooth uses increased acceleration more effectively than the other three scans. The complex layer study reduced calculated time by 69.80%–139.96% and manufacturing time by 47.35%–86.85%. Sawtooth samples also exhibited less dimensional variation (0.88%) than zigzag 45° (12.94%) along the build direction.

Sawtooth is limited to flying optics AM process.

Development of scanning strategy for flying optics AM process to reduce the warpage by improving the acceleration.

Since the education of Master of Science students in the discipline of agriculture is catalectic without libraries, the present paper seeks to assess the information literacy competency (ILC) of post graduate (PG) students at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, along with the impact of instruction initiatives in this respect.

Based on the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Standards for Science and Engineering/Technology, 2006, an instrument was developed with 79 scoring items in the first part of the questionnaire along with non‐scoring items in the second part. Broad headings of the questions asked are shown in detail. Validity and reliability of the instrument are also reported.

Information literacy competency of PG students has been found satisfactory along with significant difference between the first and second year students. Results of the paper distinguish between the first and second year students in the light of five information literacy (IL) standards along with other considerations. Various instruction initiatives were found to have a positive impact upon the ILC of PG students.

Since the study has been able to establish a positive relationship between instruction initiatives and ILC, such initiatives may be introduced in other academic institutions.

None of the earlier reported research instruments had used science and engineering/technology IL standards, especially upon PG students in agriculture. This study further paved the way for the development of such an nstrument along with assessing the ILC of PG students and impact of instruction initiatives in an agricultural university.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inclined magnetic field, variable viscosity and Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux theories on the steady MHD free convective boundary layer flow of viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting water-driven silver and titanium-oxide nanofluids over a vertical stretching sheet.

The boundary layer equations of momentum, energy and nanoparticle concentration are partial differential equations in nature, which are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved analytically by means of optimal homotopy analysis method.

Assessments with numerical results are performed and are found to be in an excellent agreement. Numerical results of the skin friction factor, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are obtained through tables. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles fraction are incorporated through graphs. The study analyzes the efficiency of heat transfer of nanofluids in cooling plants and rubber sheets.

No research works have been conducted to evaluate the effects of various physical phenomena on the copper and titanium nanofluids flow.

This paper aims to assess the equilibrium house price in the city of Suva (Fiji) and to analyse the house price bubble in the Fiji housing market.

This paper adopts a time series approach to determine the presence of house price bubbles in Fiji over the period from 1988 to 2018.

The findings suggest that real income, land cost, building material price, inflation rate, volatility, household size and wealth have a positive impact on house prices, whereas user cost of capital and political disturbances have a negative impact. The findings further indicate that the Fijis’ housing market does not constitute any house price bubble.

This paper draws policy implications for a small developing state (Fiji) and other similar economies.

The price bubble in the Fiji housing market is analysed for the first time. This paper develops a comprehensive empirical approach to assess the equilibrium-housing price in Fiji.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of camel milk protein hydrolysates (CMPHs) on physico-chemical, sensory, colour profile and textural quality attributes of chevon patties.

Camel milk proteins were hydrolyzed with three different proteolytic enzymes, viz., alcalase (CMPH-A), α-chymotrypsin (CMPH-C) and papain (CMPH-P), and dried to powder form before further utilization. Four treatments were prepared with incorporation of CMPH, viz., CMPH 0 per cent (C), CMPH-A 0.09 per cent (T₁), CMPH-C 0.06 per cent (T₂) and CMPH-P 0.09 per cent (T₃), in the product formulation. The developed goat meat patties were evaluated for physico-chemical (pH; emulsion stability, ES; cooking yield, CY; water activity, a_w), instrumental colour and texture profile and sensory attributes.

The pH, moisture, fat and ES values of goat meat emulsions were comparable amongst treatments as well as with the control; however, treated emulsions had higher ES and moisture content. The pH and moisture per cent of cooked chevon patties varied significantly, whereas other physico-chemical (CY, a_w, per cent protein, per cent fat, per cent ash and per cent dietary fibre) as well as dimensional parameters (per cent gain in height and decrease in diameter) were comparable amongst treatments and the control. Hardness, springiness, stringiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and resilience of chevon patties decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the incorporation of CMPH than that of the control; however, the values were comparable among all the treated products. Protein hydrolysate in chevon patties resulted in significant increase in redness (a*) values, whereas all other parameters (L*, b* and hue) decreased significantly as compared to that of the control. The colour and appearance, texture, juiciness overall acceptability scores were comparable in all the treated products and were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control. The flavour scores of C, T₁ and T₃ were comparable but significantly lower than that of T₂. The overall acceptability scores of T₁ and T₂ were also comparable and significantly higher than C and T₃; however, the highest score was recorded for T₂.

Results concluded that chevon patties with acceptable sensory attributes and improved CY and textural attributes can be successfully developed with the incorporation of CMPH.

The protein hydrolysates of different food proteins could be explored in a same pattern to find out their implication in food matrices.

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising technology, which seems to be the prospective substitute for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). It is a high speed, high density and low power paradigm producing efficient circuits. These days, most of the smart devices used for computing, make use of random access memory (RAM). To enhance the performance of a RAM cell, researchers are putting effort to minimize its area and access time. Multilayer structures in QCA framework are area efficient, fast and immune to the random interference. Unlike CMOS, QCA multilayer architectures can be designed using active components on different layers. Thus, using multilayer topology in the design of a RAM cell, which is not yet reported in the literature can improve the performance of RAM and hence, the computing device. This paper aims to present the modular design of RAM cell with multilayer structures in the QCA framework. The fundamental modules such as XOR gate, 2:1 multiplexer and D latch are proposed here using multilayer formations with the goal of designing a RAM cell with the provision of read, write, set and reset control.

All the modules used to design a RAM cell are designed using multilayer approach in QCA framework.

The proposed multilayer RAM cell is optimized and has shown an improvement of 20% in cell count, 30% in area, 25% in area latency product and 48.8% in cost function over the other efficient RAM designs with set/reset ability reported earlier. The proposed RAM cell is further analyzed for the fault tolerance and power dissipation.

Due to the multilayer structure, the complexity of the circuit enhances which can be eliminated using simple architectures.

The performance metrics and results obtained establish that the multilayer approach can be implemented in the QCA circuit to produce area efficient and optimized sequential circuits such as a latch, flip flop and memory cells.

Although milk is considered a vital source of nutrition for the livelihood, as the beginning of civilization, its antioxidant potential is required to be improved. This paper aims to increase antioxidant activities in milk and soy milk (Glycine max L.) has been found as a good compatible source. Hence, the present work was planned to investigate the impact of blending of different proportions of soy milk with standardized milk (i.e. 50 per cent soy milk with 50 per cent standardized milk, 60 per cent soy milk with 40 per cent standardized milk, 70 per cent soy milk with 30 per cent standardized milk and 100 per cent standardized milk as control sample) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of the blends.

Antioxidant properties of the blends were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenol content. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a nine-point hedonic scale based on four selected quality attributes (i.e. smell, taste, color and appearance and mouthfeel) and ranked for their quality traits by fuzzy modeling.

A blend containing 70 per cent soy milk with 30 per cent standardized milk showed the highest antioxidant activities as compared to control milk sample (p < 0.05). Blend of 50 per cent soy milk with 50 per cent standardized milk was found most acceptable on the basis of sensory analysis and its antioxidant activities were also appreciable as compared to control milk sample (p < 0.05). Smell, taste, color and appearance and mouthfeel influenced the acceptability of formulated milk samples in decreasing order of significance (p < 0.05).

The present attempt has been made to formulate liquid milk by mixing standardized milk and soy milk, in which enhancement in the antioxidant activities of standardized milk and masking of off-flavor of soy milk is done. It is not done before and it may improve the nutritional and commercial value of the milk. Further, fuzzy modeling used for choosing appropriate blend in terms of sensory scores is also found as a novel approach.