Sengathir Janakiraman, Deva Priya M., Christy Jeba Malar A., Karthick S. and Anitha Rajakumari P.
The purpose of this paper is to design an Internet-of-Things (IoT) architecture-based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Scheme (DRDS) proposed for identifying Type-I or Type-II…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design an Internet-of-Things (IoT) architecture-based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Scheme (DRDS) proposed for identifying Type-I or Type-II diabetes and to specifically advise the Type-II diabetic patients about the possibility of vision loss.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed DRDS includes the benefits of automatic calculation of clip limit parameters and sub-window for making the detection process completely adaptive. It uses the advantages of extended 5 × 5 Sobels operator for estimating the maximum edges determined through the convolution of 24 pixels with eight templates to achieve 24 outputs corresponding to individual pixels for finding the maximum magnitude. It enhances the probability of connecting pixels in the vascular map with its closely located neighbourhood points in the fundus images. Then, the spatial information and kernel of the neighbourhood pixels are integrated through the Robust Semi-supervised Kernelized Fuzzy Local information C-Means Clustering (RSKFL-CMC) method to attain significant clustering process.
Findings
The results of the proposed DRDS architecture confirm the predominance in terms of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The proposed DRDS technique facilitates superior performance at an average of 99.64% accuracy, 76.84% sensitivity and 99.93% specificity.
Research limitations/implications
DRDS is proposed as a comfortable, pain-free and harmless diagnosis system using the merits of Dexcom G4 Plantinum sensors for estimating blood glucose level in diabetic patients. It uses the merits of RSKFL-CMC method to estimate the spatial information and kernel of the neighborhood pixels for attaining significant clustering process.
Practical implications
The IoT architecture comprises of the application layer that inherits the DR application enabled Graphical User Interface (GUI) which is combined for processing of fundus images by using MATLAB applications. This layer aids the patients in storing the capture fundus images in the database for future diagnosis.
Social implications
This proposed DRDS method plays a vital role in the detection of DR and categorization based on the intensity of disease into severe, moderate and mild grades. The proposed DRDS is responsible for preventing vision loss of diabetic Type-II patients by accurate and potential detection achieved through the utilization of IoT architecture.
Originality/value
The performance of the proposed scheme with the benchmarked approaches of the literature is implemented using MATLAB R2010a. The complete evaluations of the proposed scheme are conducted using HRF, REVIEW, STARE and DRIVE data sets with subjective quantification provided by the experts for the purpose of potential retinal blood vessel segmentation.
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Keywords
Hossein Shakibaei, Seyyed Amirmohammad Moosavi, Amir Aghsami and Masoud Rabbani
Throughout human history, the occurrence of disasters has been inevitable, leading to significant human, financial and emotional consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to…
Abstract
Purpose
Throughout human history, the occurrence of disasters has been inevitable, leading to significant human, financial and emotional consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a well-designed plan to efficiently manage such situations when disaster strikes. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive program that encompasses multiple aspects of postdisaster relief.
Design/methodology/approach
A multiobjective model has been developed for postdisaster relief, with the aim of minimizing social dissatisfaction, economic costs and environmental damage. The model has been solved using exact methods for different scenarios. The objective is to achieve the most optimal outcomes in the context of postdisaster relief operations.
Findings
A real case study of an earthquake in Haiti has been conducted. The acquired results and subsequent management analysis have effectively assessed the logic of the model. As a result, the model’s performance has been validated and deemed reliable based on the findings and insights obtained.
Originality/value
Ultimately, the model provides the optimal quantities of each product to be shipped and determines the appropriate mode of transportation. Additionally, the application of the epsilon constraint method results in a set of Pareto optimal solutions. Through a comprehensive examination of the presented solutions, valuable insights and analyses can be obtained, contributing to a better understanding of the model’s effectiveness.
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Keywords
This paper aims to show that India is decoupling its international investment law obligations from its international trade law obligations. This decoupling goes beyond the split…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to show that India is decoupling its international investment law obligations from its international trade law obligations. This decoupling goes beyond the split between investment protection rules and trade agreements. If investment protection rules are missing from the trade agreement, it is a case of partial decoupling. If India does not legalize its investment relations with a country with whom it has signed a free trade agreement (FTA), either within or outside the trade agreement, it becomes a case of complete decoupling.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper follows doctrinal methodology. It compares India’s past FTA practice with the new one to show the dissimilarity between India’s FTA 1.0 and 2.0.
Findings
India’s new FTAs differ from the FTAs signed in the 2000s. Unlike the previous FTAs, the new ones do not contain investment protection rules. India is indulging in decoupling because it wants to de-legalize its international investment relations to exercise greater control over foreign investment. The paper concludes by observing that as India’s fundamental reason for signing FTAs is to be part of global value chains, it should consider including investment protection rules within its trade agreements.
Originality/value
No research yet compares India’s past FTAs with the new ones to show that investment protection is no longer part of India’s trade agreement practice.