An expanding conceptual and research literature identifies cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the disease whose incidence varies most, according to income level. To date however…
Abstract
An expanding conceptual and research literature identifies cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the disease whose incidence varies most, according to income level. To date however, there has been virtually no public consideration in Canada of the role that societal factors play in its incidence. In an attempt to redress this gap, a community coalition brought together the latest research on the societal determinants of CVD. Barriers to public awareness and public policy action to address these societal determinants of health included the unwillingness of health care associations to consider societal determinants of health as relevant to their activities; general resistance by the media; and active attempts by governments of the day to shift focus away from societal determinants of health. Considering these barriers, university personnel involvement appears essential to any attempt to identify and address the societal determinants of CVD and other diseases.
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The idea that low income and poverty are determinants of poor health is uncontested. It is not surprising then that societies with greater numbers of poor people also have poorer…
Abstract
The idea that low income and poverty are determinants of poor health is uncontested. It is not surprising then that societies with greater numbers of poor people also have poorer population health. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that societies with greater numbers of poor people begin to show a spillover effect by which the health of the "not poor" also begins to deteriorate. Economic inequality is most likely to increase within societies that provide increasing financial gains to the well‐off at the expense of the poor. Also, these societies are more likely to be those reducing investment in social infrastructure.
Dennis Raphael, Susan Anstice, Kim Raine, Kerry R. McGannon, Syed Kamil Rizvi and Vanessa Yu
This paper discusses the role played by social determinants of health in the incidence and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes) among vulnerable populations. This…
Abstract
This paper discusses the role played by social determinants of health in the incidence and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes) among vulnerable populations. This issue is especially important in light of recent data from Statistics Canada indicating that mortality rates from diabetes have been increasing among Canadians since the mid‐1980s, with increases being especially great among those living in low‐income communities. Diabetes therefore appears – like cardiovascular disease – to be an affliction more common among the poor and excluded. It also appears to be especially likely to afflict poor women. Yet we know little about how these social determinants of health influence diabetes incidence and management. What evidence is available is provided and the case is made that the crisis in diabetes requires new ways of thinking about this disease, its causes, and its management.
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Dennis Raphael and E. Sara Farrell
Increasing evidence is accumulating that biomedical and lifestyle factors account for rather small proportions of population variance in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)…
Abstract
Increasing evidence is accumulating that biomedical and lifestyle factors account for rather small proportions of population variance in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In North America, however, the medical and public health communities – reinforced by narrow media coverage focused on biomedical and lifestyle issues – remain wedded to these models of cause and prevention. Not surprisingly, public perceptions of the causes of CVD mirror these preoccupations. A review commissioned by a community heart health network brought together the evidence of how CVD results primarily from material deprivation, excessive psychosocial stress, and the adoption of unhealthy coping behaviors. The review has served to help shift thinking about CVD prevention in Canada and the USA.
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Raphael Oriaghe Oseghale, Dennis Pepple, Simeon Emezana Ifere and Amarachi Ngozi Amaugo
Given that institutional and cultural factors affect the transfer of HRM practices between multinational companies (MNCs) and their subsidiaries, the paper set out to investigate…
Abstract
Purpose
Given that institutional and cultural factors affect the transfer of HRM practices between multinational companies (MNCs) and their subsidiaries, the paper set out to investigate the explanatory mechanism for the replication of transferred HRM practices and the factors likely to influence the choice of transfer mechanisms.
Design/methodology/approach
Using an exploratory qualitative approach, 40 interviews were conducted with senior managers and employees in two MNC subsidiaries located in the alcoholic beverage and oil industries in Nigeria.
Findings
The findings suggest that organizational culture (OC) was the mechanism for MNC HRM replication and inhibition. In addition to explaining the mechanisms for HRM practice replication, the authors developed a conceptual framework to explain how clan and hierarchical OC influence the extent to which human resource (HR) practices are replicated or inhibited and how institutional and cultural factors influence the choice of OC.
Originality/value
The study uncovered that MNCs deploy hierarchical OC to oversee the replication of transferred practices. Interestingly, the authors found that institutional and cultural environments were key factors that influenced the choice of mechanism for overseeing the replication of HR practices. The conceptual framework can help managers of MNCs to understand how to replicate transferred HRM practices in developing countries.
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Dennis Gabriel Pepple, Raphael Oseghale and Eleanor Nmecha
This study aims to examine senior male employees’ perspectives on the glass ceiling in the Nigerian banking sector.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine senior male employees’ perspectives on the glass ceiling in the Nigerian banking sector.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected qualitatively using interviews with 43 senior male employees in four Nigerian banks.
Findings
This study finds that senior male employees acknowledge the challenges their female counterparts face concerning promotion. Senior male employees’ views on the value of gender-diverse leadership underscore the illusion of a “level playing field” because of a gender-neutral performance policy and a family–friendly policy for women. Nonetheless, the study notes a divergence in senior male employees’ perspectives about the professional progression of female employees (based majorly on age and ethnicity). The study concludes that the organisational culture and leadership that underpin poor female career progression are embedded in and driven by the culture in the empirical context.
Originality/value
The examination of senior male employees’ perspectives on the glass ceiling in the Nigerian banking sector offers significant theoretical and practical contributions to the extant literature on gendered occupational segregation by providing unique insights into how patriarchal societal and occupational culture, as well as (limited) family–friendly policies for women, influence the configuration of men’s views of gendered occupational segregation in the Nigerian banking sector.
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Claretha Hughes, Lionel Robert, Kristin Frady and Adam Arroyos
GUEST editor of this South African issue of THE LIBRARY WORLD is Hendrik M. Robinson, Director of Library Services, Transvaal Provincial Administration, Pretoria.
Anthony Beudaert, Hélène Gorge and Maud Herbert
The purpose of this study is both to explore how people with “hidden” auditory disorders experience exclusion in servicescapes and to unfold the coping strategies they set up to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is both to explore how people with “hidden” auditory disorders experience exclusion in servicescapes and to unfold the coping strategies they set up to deal with it.
Design/methodology/approach
Findings from 15 semi-structured interviews and participant observations with individuals suffering from auditory disorders are presented through the paper.
Findings
The findings indicate that individuals with auditory disorders deploy three types of coping strategies when exposed to sensory overload in servicescapes: choosing between physical servicescapes, opting for electronic devices and e-servicescapes and delegating shopping to relatives.
Practical implications
The study underlines how, through temporary or permanent modifications of servicescape cues, service providers give consumers opportunities to bypass situations involving sensory overload. Implications for e-servicescapes and public policy are also raised.
Originality/value
The findings reveal how the coping strategies used by individuals with auditory disorders contribute to their exclusion from the marketplace on the basis of both individual characteristics and types of servicescapes.