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The general opinion is that as executives advance into the '90s, there will be a smaller number of executives with larger responsibilities (Braham, 1988). These changes will demand executives to be healthier physically, mentally, and emotionally (Braham, 1988).

Discrimination, by definition, is deliberate denial of access to goods or services to an in dividual based on a physical or lifestyle characteristic of that individual. Despite the social progress that has been made in the past forty or fifty years toward treating all people equally, discrimination has not gone away and is still prevalent in businesses in the service industry. One section of the service industry that has experienced a lot of recent controversy over discrimination is the restaurant business.

Computer Based Training (CBT) (or Computer Aided Learning (CAL) — see below for some useful definitions) has been slow to develop both in education and in commerce and industry, because of the level of programming skills required for the authoring of effective material and the resource costs involved in the production of materials which usually have a narrow application and no commercial viability. Increasingly, however, useful CBT authoring languages/systems are becoming available for a wide range of mainframe, mini and microcomputers. These include relatively inexpensive systems running on IBM PCs and even BBC microcomputers; and providing their limitations can be tolerated, they can make it possible for teachers and trainers to author their own courseware in an efficient and cost‐effective way.

This research provides accounting-ethics authors and administrators with a benchmark for accounting-ethics research. While Bernardi and Bean (2010) considered publications in business-ethics and accounting’s top-40 journals this study considers research in eight accounting-ethics and public-interest journals, as well as, 34 business-ethics journals. We analyzed the contents of our 42 journals for the 25-year period between 1991 through 2015. This research documents the continued growth (Bernardi & Bean, 2007) of accounting-ethics research in both accounting-ethics and business-ethics journals. We provide data on the top-10 ethics authors in each doctoral year group, the top-50 ethics authors over the most recent 10, 20, and 25 years, and a distribution among ethics scholars for these periods. For the 25-year timeframe, our data indicate that only 665 (274) of the 5,125 accounting PhDs/DBAs (13.0% and 5.4% respectively) in Canada and the United States had authored or co-authored one (more than one) ethics article.

Despite laws like the Civil Rights Acts and the Americans with Disabilities Act, customers in restaurants are still faced with an inordinate amount of discrimination. The most prevalent forms of discrimination are race and disability based. Large restaurant chains such as the Waffle House and Cracker Barrel have learned nothing from the landmark Denny’s discrimination case as they face potentially larger class action suits today. Despite the bad news, there have been significant developments toward limiting restaurant discrimination. They are the industry wide impact of Denny’s diversity training programme and a recent court decision strengthening the ADA. The only true ways to limit and eradicate discrimination from restaurants is to continue educating our children about diversity, insist on expanding corporate diversity programmes, and increasing penalties on those organisations that do discriminate.

This article provides guidance to employers and managers regarding their obligations under the California State Labour Code. Federal labour laws will be discussed as these two bodies of law are closely related in some areas as the state code has flowed from federal legislation. The state labour code imposes requirements on hiring and firing, employee benefits and wages, collective bargaining and worker health and safety. The article confines itself to the statutory scheme of the state labour code and how it is interpreted by courts and scholars. Case law imposes additional requirements upon the employer‐employee relationship in California but this is outside the scope of this article. The source of most of the information contained herein has come from the code itself as supplemented by cases and scholarly commentary. The article will only deal with California law and therefore may be inapplicable to other states.

Outlines the reasons why increasing numbers of firms list their shares on more than one stock exchange, previous research on the effects of cross‐listing and inter‐ and intra‐day liquidity patterns. Describes the market making system of the stock exchange of Hong Kong and compares 1996‐1997 data on a sample of 33 Hong Kong firms cross‐listed in London with a control sample. Finds the cross‐listed firms have lower trading volumes, higher absolute bid‐ask spreads but lower relative ones and higher average dollar depth. Uses regression techniques to investigate liquidity and presents the results which confirm that cross‐listed firms are more liquid with lower relative spreads and higher depths even after controlling for differences in price, volume, return variance and intertemporal patterns.

Students with mathematics-related learning difficulties (MLD) experience difficulties in many areas of mathematics achievement; without intervention, these difficulties will persist. In this chapter, I first review research examined cognitive processes deficits of MLD. Because difficulties in learning mathematics are presumably due to these cognitive deficits, findings of these studies can shed light on developing effective intervention programs. Second, using Response to Intervention (RTI) as a framework to distinguish the intensity level of intervention, I review findings from existing Tier 2 and Tier 3 intervention studies and synthesize the instructional approaches used in these studies as well as the factors researchers used to intensify the intervention. Finally, Data-Based Individualization (DBI), a systematic approach to intensify intervention, commonly used at the Tier 3 level, is review. Suggestions for future research directions for intensive mathematics intervention are also provided.

A quick search of the headlines of major newspapers reveals a treasure trove of technology procurement gone wrong. While the private sector seems to adopt and implement new technology seamlessly and quickly to deliver for customers, the government struggles to accomplish technology purchases and integrations with the same ease. As governments in the United States are looking to retain their current workforce and attract the next generation of workers, the technological capabilities and ethos of governments will be paramount. With nearly every industry being transformed by technology and Generation T being the first generation to have an ingrained “technology first” mindset, the ability of governments to attract these workers depends, in large part, on the ability to transform their government technology culture, policies, and practices.

In this chapter, the authors examine the administrative branch and observe two key components at the root of most technology failures: poor organizational structure in the bureaucracy and the lack of an empowered Chief Information/Technology Officer. Building upon case studies from Massachusetts and California, this chapter looks at the factors related to failure or success to understand the technology procurement culture. The chapter concludes by presenting four key “best practice” principles of public policy and administration that can be implemented by almost any governmental entity to improve their acquisition and implementation of technology.

This paper presents the results of a multimethod research study, which incorporates survey and experimental methodologies, designed to further explore the underpinnings of cultural differences in consumer responses to advertising messages. The study was designed to measure and assess differences in the self‐esteem and susceptibility to social influence of Japanese and United States college‐aged consumers. In general, it was hypothesized that Japanese consumers would have lower self‐esteem and higher susceptibility to social influence than would their US counterparts. The study provided evidence to support those hypotheses.