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Publication date: 1 February 1999

Heather Myers

The northern, predominantly native, communities of Canada's Northwest Territories can provide an interesting comparison for Malaysia's indigenous population; the native peoples'…

64

Abstract

The northern, predominantly native, communities of Canada's Northwest Territories can provide an interesting comparison for Malaysia's indigenous population; the native peoples' needs and value systems may be largely invisible in broader national development policy; their traditional lifestyles and economies continue to exist; they may live in relatively resource‐rich areas, sought for exploitation by outside interests; they are also changing under the influence of global culture and economy. A comparison can also be drawn with Cape Breton communities, as described during the Sydney workshop; individuals’ economic strategies are characterized by part‐time and seasonal wage work, diversified/multiple sources of household income, and informal economic exchange, yet people try hard to stay in their communities, rather than leave. Quality of life, family and community ties are more important than increased cash incomes. As Denis Goulet noted in the opening session of our workshop, people need “rich being” not just more things; biological survival depends as much on cultural development as on economic development.

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Humanomics, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Publication date: 20 September 2011

Nikos Astroulakis

Development ethics is an important topic which is often neglected in development studies. The purpose of the paper is to analyze international development in an ethical‐based…

3492

Abstract

Purpose

Development ethics is an important topic which is often neglected in development studies. The purpose of the paper is to analyze international development in an ethical‐based context using the approach of development ethics.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is mainly based on the pioneering work of the prominent development ethicists and the founder of development ethics as self‐conscious area – Denis Goulet – along with recent development ethics literature. In this context, international development is approached under a holistic ethical manner.

Findings

Development ethicists reduce the gap between a conventional perspective of development and the real needs of humankind. In contrast to mainstream economics view, for development ethics the true indicator of development is not growth in a narrow sense of material expansion of wellbeing, but the qualitative enrichment of human beings in all relevant aspects of human life. International development is preserved as an effort to a better life for individuals and to a good global society for nations.

Research limitations/implications

If research is reported on in the paper, this section must be completed and should include suggestions for future research and any identified limitations in the research process.

Social implications

The proposed ethical goals and strategies are normative judgments which provide both the notional and practical framework within which international development should be discussed and policy recommendations could be formulated.

Originality/value

The notion of development is redefined on ethical foundations. A conceptual typology of the development ethics goals and strategies to international development is offered. The paper can be perceived as a point of departure that scholars and students of international development and development economics in broad, from both perspectives (orthodox and heterodox), can be incorporated with ethical matters to international development and benefit from it.

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International Journal of Development Issues, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1446-8956

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1999

Zhahir Kechot and Noor Aini Khalifah

The phenomenon of economic specialization of Malaysians along racial lines was probably the most important colonial legacy that was left behind by the British when the country…

453

Abstract

The phenomenon of economic specialization of Malaysians along racial lines was probably the most important colonial legacy that was left behind by the British when the country attained its independence in 1957. At the time of independence, the indigenous Malay people, collectively termed as bumiputeras, were engaged in the declining or at best stagnant peasant sector, while the non‐indigenous communities were engaged in the buoyant plantation and mining sectors, as well as in commerce and industry. The imbalance obvious in this arrangement tended to be self‐perpetuating and cumulative because the Malays had low income and low capacity to accumulate capital to invest in their education or to move to urban areas, where the growth industries were located.

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Humanomics, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1994

Denis Goulet

The collapse of command economies in the Second World, and the monopoly of structural adjustment as prescribed development policy for the Third World, have thrust incentives to…

216

Abstract

The collapse of command economies in the Second World, and the monopoly of structural adjustment as prescribed development policy for the Third World, have thrust incentives to the center of debates about economic policy. As one political economist declares, “Few economists today would dispute the desirability of using incentives to invite and welcome the contributions of people's resources to the economy rather than employing commands and public appeals.” The British development economist Reginald Green puts it more pointedly: “The importance of incentives is not a matter open to debate, nor is the importance of material incentives and participation. The divergence is one which incentives are most cost effective and how to package them in specific contexts.”

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Humanomics, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2002

David A. Clark

Development ethics is a new and rapidly expanding discipline within development studies and social science. The cultivation of development ethics has the potential to produce a…

2924

Abstract

Development ethics is a new and rapidly expanding discipline within development studies and social science. The cultivation of development ethics has the potential to produce a coherent account of human well‐being for guiding development policy and thinking. Although discussions of well‐being can be traced back to Greek antiquity, most development economists have managed to avoid reflecting sufficiently on the concept and meaning of “development”. While philosophers have reflected more fully on the nature and character of a good human life, they have not tested their theories of well‐being in the public domain or confronted their accounts of the “good” with the values of ordinary people. This is partly because philosophers (in contrast to social scientists) lack the necessary tools and expertise for such tasks. Yet it is only through the synthesis of scientific inquiry and philosophical reflection that we will uncover the central human values behind a more realistic and reliable development ethic. While a first attempt has now been made to develop an account of human development that rests firmly on the values and attitudes of ordinary people, more empirical work is required to confirm the strength of the results.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 29 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Publication date: 1 January 2004

Denis Goulet

Globalization, says a recent study, “is in danger of becoming, if it has not already become, the cliche of our times: the big idea which encompasses everything from global…

633

Abstract

Globalization, says a recent study, “is in danger of becoming, if it has not already become, the cliche of our times: the big idea which encompasses everything from global financial markets to the Internet but which delivers little substantive insight into the contemporary human condition.” That study, although lamenting that globalization “lacks precise definition,” nevertheless defines it as “a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions — assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact — generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and the exercise of power.” Public debates on globalization often generate more political heat than analytical light; yet we cannot avoid studying globalization for, as the Finnish scholar Raimo Väyrynen notes, “it is an important, pervasive historical trend whose consequences will be accentuated in the new millennium.”

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Humanomics, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1999

Denis Goulet

For the World Bank the “achievement of sustained and equitable development remains the greatest challenge facing the human race.” But equitable development has not been achieved…

171

Abstract

For the World Bank the “achievement of sustained and equitable development remains the greatest challenge facing the human race.” But equitable development has not been achieved. We must not, therefore, merely sustain the kind of development we already have.

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Humanomics, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Publication date: 1 January 1995

Marguerite Evans

The essays by Sauer and Cassidy have argued that significant questions can be raised philosophically and historically about the guiding assumptions of economic behaviour. One can…

212

Abstract

The essays by Sauer and Cassidy have argued that significant questions can be raised philosophically and historically about the guiding assumptions of economic behaviour. One can also argue that these assumptions offer a partial view of human being with an accompanying loss of the sense of the whole person. Economics tends to reduce the multiform and rich notion of person to simply a datum of economic activity. In this essay, I will argue that there is a need to re‐examine basic assumptions about what it means to be fully human. I will do this from the perspective of developmental psychology, because developmental psychology has empirically based theories that produce expectations about humanity and the future that are very different from those ascribed by economics. This essay will examine developmental theory, particularly that of Robert Kegan, to show its relevance to providing a direction for economics.

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Humanomics, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 29 November 2018

John Marangos, Niko Astroulakis and Eirini Triarchi

The purpose of this paper is to present the philosophical roots of development ethics as a field of study with its interdisciplinary character.

539

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the philosophical roots of development ethics as a field of study with its interdisciplinary character.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual and historical evolution of development ethics is unfolded through Aristotle’s philosophy.

Findings

The authors argued that Aristotle’s philosophy, incorporating the concepts of “a good life” and “a good society,” defines ethical development and influences contemporary development ethics.

Originality/value

Development ethics is a relatively new field of study within social sciences and determines the ethical perspective of development in a holistic and normative manner. It is important to understand the antecedents, pioneers and contemporary practitioners of development ethics and how they are related. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there has been limited research regarding the origins of the concept of a “good society” as a determinant factor of development. In this context, Aristotle’s philosophy incorporating the concepts of a “good life” and a “good society” is the founding determinant in the study of ethical development.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 46 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Publication date: 1 November 1997

Denis Goulet

States that “development” has long been equated with modernization and western‐ization and studied as a straightforward economic issue. Reports that the discipline of economics…

3613

Abstract

States that “development” has long been equated with modernization and western‐ization and studied as a straightforward economic issue. Reports that the discipline of economics has been the main source of policy prescription for development decision makers and that this view is now widely criticized as ethnocentric and as economically reductionist. Reveals that change is occurring: economics itself is reintegrating ethics in its conceptualization, methodology, and analysis; a new paradigm of development is in gestation; and a new discipline, development ethics, has come into being. Explains that development ethics centres its study of development on the value questions posed: what is the relation of having goods and being good in the pursuit of the good life, what are the foundations of a just society, and what stance should societies adopt towards nature? Thinks that the new discipline emerges from two sources, which are now converging: from engagement in development action to the formulation of ethical theory, and from a critique of mainstream ethical theory to the crafting of normative strategies to guide development practice. Concludes that development ethics has a dual mission: to render the economy more human and to keep hope alive in the face of the seeming impossibility of achieving human development for all.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 24 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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