Elise Catherine Davis, Elizabeth T. Arana, John S. Creel, Stephanie C. Ibarra, Jesus Lechuga, Rachel A. Norman, Hannah R. Parks, Ali Qasim, David Y. Watkins and Bita A. Kash
The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the health-care needs in Kenya which focuses on the role of community engagement in facilitating access and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the health-care needs in Kenya which focuses on the role of community engagement in facilitating access and diminishing barriers to quality care services. Health-care concerns throughout Kenya and the culture of Kenyan’s health-care practices care are considered.
Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive review covered studies of community engagement from 2000 till present. Studies are collected using Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost and JSTOR and from government and nongovernment agency websites. The approach focuses on why various populations seek health care and how they seek health care, and on some current health-care delivery models.
Findings
Suggestions for community engagement, including defining the community, are proposed. A model for improved health-care delivery introduces community health workers (CHWs), mHealth technologies and the use of mobile clinics to engage the community and improve health and quality of care in low-income settings.
Practical implications
The results emphasize the importance of community engagement in building a sustainable health-care delivery model. This model highlights the importance of defining the community, setting goals for the community and integrating CHWs and mobile clinics to improve health status and decrease long-term health-care costs. The implementation of these strategies contributes to an environment that promotes health and wellness for all.
Originality/value
This paper evaluates health-care quality and access issues in Kenya and provides sustainable solutions that are linked to effective community engagement. In addition, this paper adds to the limited number of studies that explore health-care quality and access alongside community engagement in low-income settings.
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It is argued that the evolution of trade between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the European Union (EU) falls into three phases: limited contact; both sides seeking…
Abstract
It is argued that the evolution of trade between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the European Union (EU) falls into three phases: limited contact; both sides seeking rapid growth and becoming mutually dependent; and high mutual trade levels with political considerations re‐emerging, China being kept at arm’s length by GATT/WTO and the EU restraining trade through increasing quotas, tariffs and anti‐dumping actions. Nevertheless, high levels of Intra Industry Trade (IIT) demonstrate mutual dependence. Cultural and political differences, as well as incompatible statistical records, prevent trade reaching its full potential at present.
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Significant changes have taken place in the nature, organisation and management of research on the UK SME sector over the past decade. This is the second in a short series of…
Abstract
Significant changes have taken place in the nature, organisation and management of research on the UK SME sector over the past decade. This is the second in a short series of papers documenting and analysing those changes. As in part one, the data set addressed is the published proceedings of the ‘UKEMRA’ annual research conferences, which constitute the most comparable, relevant record of such research output between the late 1970s and the early 1990s. This paper focuses specifically on changes in the nature of those published outputs in SME research, and how these are used by other academics.
Significant changes have taken place in the nature, organisation and management of research on the UK SME sector over the past decade. This is the first in a short series of…
Abstract
Significant changes have taken place in the nature, organisation and management of research on the UK SME sector over the past decade. This is the first in a short series of papers documenting and analysing those changes. The data set addressed is the published proceedings of the ‘UKEMRA’ annual research conferences, which constitute the most comparable relevant source of research output between the late 1970s and the early 1990s. This paper focuses specifically on the changing nature of the production process in SME research. It demonstrates that there has been a strong trend towards institutionalisation, with a shift in the modal form of production from sole workers to research teams. Furthermore, these teams have increasingly worked across institutions and, in a significant proportion of cases, collaboration has extended beyond academics to potential users/funders of research output. Finally, there appears to be little continuity between those active at the beginning and end of the time period reviewed. The implications for the future organisation of SME research are briefly discussed.
Common ownership on the Scott‐Bader model is probably the aspect of employee participation that is least understood and least talked‐about. In part this is due to the fact that it…
Abstract
Common ownership on the Scott‐Bader model is probably the aspect of employee participation that is least understood and least talked‐about. In part this is due to the fact that it has been, in the past, mainly confined to small firms: only the John Lewis Partnership, with over 23000 employee‐members, a sales income of £440m per annum and more than 80 supermarket and department stores outlets, can claim to be in the big league.
Colin Jones, Craig Watkins and David Watkins
The purpose of this paper is to address both the measurement of affordability and variations in affordability between local housing market areas (HMAs).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address both the measurement of affordability and variations in affordability between local housing market areas (HMAs).
Design/methodology/approach
The practical data issues that arise from measuring local affordability are reviewed by reference to studies in the UK. The paper argues that local measures should relate to a functional geography of HMAs rather than simply local authority boundaries. This approach is shown to be more theoretically sound but faces data constraints. An empirical case study of the North West of England then follows as a demonstration based on a tiered geography of HMAs. It addresses the constraints on local income data by measuring affordability by reference to a particular household type and associated income.
Findings
Local UK affordability indicators are shown to be primarily about access to home ownership rather than a wider view of local house price structures on affordability. The paper also draws out the importance of affordability measures linked to functional market areas. The results of the analysis presented highlight that there are local differences in house price structures and hence associated differential affordability of house types between local HMAs.
Originality/value
This is the first study that examines affordability at the local level based on functional areas rather than local authority administrative boundaries. This approach gives a truer picture of the variability in local affordability. The applied analysis tackles the data constraints of functional areas and has the potential to be adapted and extended.
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Westland Technologies company, Normalair‐Garrett (NGL) has appointed Dr Michael Tutcher, executive director (Customer Support).
Most people would agree that smoking, especially of cigarettes, is a closely ingrained habit in great masses of the British people, as indeed it is in most other parts of the…
Abstract
Most people would agree that smoking, especially of cigarettes, is a closely ingrained habit in great masses of the British people, as indeed it is in most other parts of the world, but there can be few countries where so many people smoke at their work. The large number of prosecutions of food workers for smoking while handling open food and the presence of tobacco, cigarette ends, spent matches, etc., in foods; these are an index of how widespread is the habit of smoking at work.
Cecilia M. Watkins, John White, David F. Duncan, David K. Wyant, Thomas Nicholson, Jagdish Khubchandani and Lakshminarayana Chekuri
Consumer-Directed Health Plans (CDHPs) are proposed as an option to control healthcare costs. No research has addressed their applicability in rural settings. This study analyzes…
Abstract
Consumer-Directed Health Plans (CDHPs) are proposed as an option to control healthcare costs. No research has addressed their applicability in rural settings. This study analyzes three years (2003–2005) of healthcare expenditure and utilization incurred by two employers and a national carrier providing data from a rural state, Kentucky. The study included two measures of expenditures (health care and prescription drugs) and three measures of utilization (physician visits, hospital admissions, and hospital inpatient days). In general, the CDHP successfully controlled the growth of medical costs. These findings suggest that CDHPs may be a viable alternative benefit structure for rural employers.