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Variety Generation involves the selection of sets of character strings, or symbols, which are intended to occur with equal probabilities in bodies of text or sets of text units from a particular source. It is important that the sample used to generate the symbol set should be representative of the data with which the set will be used. An assessment is given here of the amount of variation in symbol sets generated from files of titles and author names from BNB MARC data over a five year period, and a comparison is made with LC MARC. Some of the BNB symbol sets are compared directly, and equifrequency statistics are obtained for the assignment of each symbol set to each file. The differences between the equifrequency statistics are examined by means of an analysis of variance technique.

Describes the history of the Bradford Mechanics′ Institute Library, which was founded in 1832, in relation to prevailing educational and social circumstances. Discusses changes resulting from the Education Act of 1870 when education passed into public hands. Considers the Library′s present survival and the circumstances hindering and harming that survival, which are mostly concerned with funding.

Universities traditionally have had two primary cultural functions. One is to maintain the “eternal verities” of the tribe. The other is to “advance the frontiers of knowledge.” While not wholly antithetical, these two functions do at times pose a delicate balancing act. To advance the so-called frontiers of knowledge may well undermine the very foundations of conventional tribal wisdom and appear to undermine the instituted hierarchy or status system of the society. This can provoke outrage on the part of the beneficiaries of the hierarchy; it may also disturb the cultural contentment of all the rest of the tribe upon whom complicity in the faith is essential for domestic tranquility. Although one might wonder at the outrage of those who might well be viewed as victims of the system, on reflection it is easily understood. To admit that which they believe is a hoax would mean that they were dupes. And no one likes to think that he or she has been taken. In other words, the British people do not like to be reminded of the cultural sham of a Royal Family.

School social work, in various forms, is well established internationally and has a growing evidence base. Yet existing research focuses on professional perspectives rather than those of students. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring secondary school student perspectives of having social workers in schools (SWIS). It was undertaken in England as part of the SWIS trial, which tested whether secondary school-based social workers could improve child safety and well-being, identify issues more quickly and reduce the need for statutory services.

A mixed-methods approach comprised a survey (n = 1,998 students) and interviews (n = 27 students). Surveys included questions on awareness, understanding, interaction with and attitudes towards the school-based social workers. Interviews involved a Q-sort activity followed by semi-structured questions on general attitudes and experiences. The Q-sort characterised prominent perspectives and how many students subscribed to them.

Students were broadly positive about having a social worker in their school in the survey and interviews. Two prominent perspectives on SWIS were identified. The first (n = 17) was defined by students feeling positively overall and strongly agreeing that they trusted the social worker. The second (n = 4) was mixed in sentiment, defined by some anxiety about working with the social worker. In interviews, students relayed that social workers were easily accessible, offered emotional support and acted as a bridge between school and home.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to quantify student perspectives on having social workers at school and evidence attitudes and experiences about school-based social work as practiced during the SWIS trial.

Network computers everywhere. Once there was a time when this journal had never mentioned the words ‘World Wide Web’ or ‘Internet’. There is a first time for everything.

Invoices, bills of lading, purchase orders, and the tons of costly paper transactions written by businesses each year may become relics of the past as industries implement Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). EDI, forecast to grow 73% annually over the next five years, could erode the stacks of paper files and bring many companies into the twenty‐first century with instant, direct transfer of business documents. A direct result of this growth, according to a new 199‐page report by Frost & Sullivan on The Electronic Data Interchange Market in the US. (♯A 1911) is the development of document format standards that enable computer‐to‐computer transmission of business forms to multiple industries.

In the last four years, since Volume I of this Bibliography first appeared, there has been an explosion of literature in all the main functional areas of business. This wealth of material poses problems for the researcher in management studies — and, of course, for the librarian: uncovering what has been written in any one area is not an easy task. This volume aims to help the librarian and the researcher overcome some of the immediate problems of identification of material. It is an annotated bibliography of management, drawing on the wide variety of literature produced by MCB University Press. Over the last four years, MCB University Press has produced an extensive range of books and serial publications covering most of the established and many of the developing areas of management. This volume, in conjunction with Volume I, provides a guide to all the material published so far.

The purpose of this commentary is to discuss environmental uncertainty and to illustrate the value of scenario planning for small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in a volatile environment.

The literature regarding strategy formulation, environmental uncertainty and scenario planning is reviewed and considered in the context of managerial decision making.

Given the way managers learn to “know” what is happening in their business environment, scenario planning can be adapted for use by SME owner/managers.

Although scenario planning was developed for use by large companies, this paper illustrates that it can be used by smaller firms.

Standardised approaches to the management of aggression and violence are critical for all stakeholders of intellectual disability services. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Management of Aggression Care Plan (MoACP). The care plan aims to reduce levels of restrictive interventions, to ensure any interventions relative to aggression and violence are the least restrictive possible, and to promote adaptive behaviours and support life enriching opportunities, in a manner which is personalised to the unique profiles of every patient.

The MoACP was first described by Thomas et al. (2005). This paper describes the rationale, theoretical basis, structure and benefits of the care plan, and provides details of revisions made to the plan in response to evidence-based practice recommendations.

The value of implementing a structured approach to the care planning of management of aggression and violence, in reducing the frequency and impact of restrictive practices, and promoting life enriching opportunities is described.

The paper describes a number of practical features of the care plan which most support its continued effectiveness, including patient involvement, individual patient focused training, and audit.

Although many services undertake localised approaches to the care planning of management of violence and aggression in forensic intellectual disability services, few have been described in the published literature.

General Immediate growth for EDI forecast. Invoices, bills of lading, purchase orders, and the tons of costly paper transactions written by business each year may become relics of the past as industries implement Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). EDI, forecast to grow 73% annually over the next five years, could erode the stacks of paper files and bring many companies into the twenty‐first century with instant, direct transfer of business documents. A direct result of this growth, according to a new 199‐page report by Frost & Sullivan on The Electronic Data Interchange Market in the US. (#A1911) is the development of document format standards that enable computer‐to‐computer transmission of business forms to multiple industries.