Elana Jaffe, David Rosen, Aunchalee Palmquist and Andrea K. Knittel
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of individuals receiving hormone therapy for menopause management and the prevalence of underlying conditions that may constrain options…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of individuals receiving hormone therapy for menopause management and the prevalence of underlying conditions that may constrain options for pharmacologic menopause management in the prison context.
Design/methodology/approach
This study reviewed all prescriptions dispensed by the North Carolina Department of Public Safety between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2016, for relevance to menopause management. Relevant medications were those either recommended for menopause management or those indicated for management of conditions that may complicate menopause management, as per the 2015 clinical decision-support algorithm tool developed by the North American Menopause Society. Analysis was restricted to women between the ages of 45 and 75.
Findings
Of 1,120 women, a majority (77.8%) were between the ages of 45 and 54. Less than 5% of individuals in this study were prescribed estrogen-containing therapy. The most commonly prescribed medications that may constrain options for menopause treatment were related to hypertension and other cardiovascular disease or mental health conditions.
Research limitations/implications
The retrospective nature of this data set limits the findings, given that researchers did not have access to diagnoses or data on polypharmacy. Still, this study indicates that many women over 45 experiencing incarceration are living with health conditions that may complicate menopause symptom management with hormone therapy. Future research in carceral settings must examine the prevalence of menopause-related symptoms as well as access to and quality of comprehensive menopause management.
Originality/value
There is a paucity of literature around the menopause-related needs of individuals experiencing incarceration. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other research has examined prevalence of pharmacologic menopause management among women who are incarcerated.
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Alok Kataria and David W. Rosen
Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) is capable of in situ fabrication of complex parts, as well as mechanisms and complex devices with embedded components. In this paper, a series…
Abstract
Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) is capable of in situ fabrication of complex parts, as well as mechanisms and complex devices with embedded components. In this paper, a series of example devices are presented to illustrate the power of building around embedded components (inserts). The problem formulation, solution approach, and specific rules and procedures are presented using these examples and experimental results. A case study approach is used for presentation. These procedures and results lend insight into promising new applications of SLA technology, as well as novel methods of implementing additional functionality into SLA and other rapid prototyping technologies.
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Xiayun Zhao and David W. Rosen
Exposure controlled projection lithography (ECPL) is an additive manufacturing process based on controlled UV photopolymerization. This paper aims to explore an advanced…
Abstract
Purpose
Exposure controlled projection lithography (ECPL) is an additive manufacturing process based on controlled UV photopolymerization. This paper aims to explore an advanced closed-loop control methodology to ECPL.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes an evolutionary cycle to cycle (EC2C) control method, and started with a reduced order EC2C time control to control only the exposure time for given DMD bitmaps, which correspond to target 3D part cross-sections. A preliminary EC2C time control scheme was developed and followed by two types of EC2C time controllers based on two different parameter estimation methods, recursive least squares and L1 norm minimization (L1Min). Both algorithms were in an exponential weighted form, resulting in EWRLS and EWL1Min, to weight more on recent data to reflect the current process dynamics.
Findings
EWRLS was found to outperform EWL1Min in terms of computation speed and stability. The simulation study demonstrated that the proposed EC2C time control method was capable of adaptively tracking the ECPL process dynamics and updating online the model parameters with real-time measurements. It could control perfectly the exposure time for each bitmap, achieving the desired height for each layer and resulting in a total cured height conforming to the target 3D part height.
Research limitations/implications
The accuracy of EC2C time control method relies heavily on fast and accurate measurement, and this research assumes availability of an adequate real-time metrology. Measurement errors are not considered in this paper and will be explored in future. Only simulation study was performed without physical experiments to verify the EC2C controller.
Practical implications
For implementation, a real-time measurement system needs to be developed and the EC2C control software needs to be programmed and interfaced with the physical system.
Originality/value
It concludes that EC2C control method is very promising for a physical implementation, and could be extended for the development of a more comprehensive closed-loop controller for both exposure time and intensity to improve the ECPL process precision and robustness.
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Jane Chu, Sarah Engelbrecht, Gregory Graf and David W. Rosen
The purpose of this paper is to investigate design synthesis methods for designing lattice cellular structures to achieve desired stiffnesses. More generally, to find appropriate…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate design synthesis methods for designing lattice cellular structures to achieve desired stiffnesses. More generally, to find appropriate design problem formulations and solution algorithms for searching the large, complex design spaces associated with cellular structures.
Design/methodology/approach
Two optimization algorithms were tested: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Levenburg‐Marquardt (LM), based on a least‐squares minimization formulation. Two example problems of limited complexity, specifically a two‐dimensional cantilever beam and a two‐dimensional simply‐supported plate, were investigated. Computational characteristics of the algorithms were reported for design problems with hundreds of variables. Constraints from additive manufacturing processes were incorporated to ensure that resulting designs are realizable.
Findings
Both PSO and LM succeeded in searching the design spaces and finding good designs. LM is one to two orders of magnitude more efficient for this class of problems.
Research limitations/implications
Three‐dimensional problems are not investigated in this paper.
Practical implications
LM appears to be a viable algorithm for optimizing structures of complex geometry for minimum weight and desired stiffness.
Originality/value
The testing of design synthesis methods (problem formulations and algorithms) for lattice cellular structures, and the testing of PSO and LM algorithms, are of particular value.
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Sungshik Yim and David W. Rosen
The purpose of this paper is to present an information model (ontology) for design‐for‐manufacturing (DFM) problems, where parts are to be manufactured using an additive…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an information model (ontology) for design‐for‐manufacturing (DFM) problems, where parts are to be manufactured using an additive manufacturing process. DFM problem formulation is often challenging since the formulation step requires both design and manufacturing process knowledge. The ontology also captures some relationships that model how that manufacturing knowledge applies to part designs. The ontology is implemented and serves as a repository of DFM problems that are available for reuse.
Design/methodology/approach
The ontology is encoded using a description logic (DL) known as ALE. Using this ontology, a designer can retrieve archived DFM problems that are similar to a problem being formulated. DLs are a subset of first‐order logic that have been used for information modeling in several application areas, including engineering information management. They are used typically to construct classification hierarchies that can be efficiently searched.
Findings
The paper demonstrates that the DL model is correct by showing that the classification hierarchies that are computed match our DFM ontology. Retrieval of DFM problems is demonstrated using a prototype implementation of our ontology. Examples are taken from the area of design for manufacture using the stereolithography process.
Research limitations/implications
The domain of the ontology is limited to additive manufacturing processes. Only DFM problems related to the determination of design parameters (e.g. dimensions) were within the scope of this work.
Originality/value
No ontology for DFM problems has been presented previously. Implementation of the ontology using DL is also original.
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Benay Sager and David W. Rosen
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that significant surface finish improvements can be accomplished in stereolithography (SL) fabricated parts by applying a new process…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that significant surface finish improvements can be accomplished in stereolithography (SL) fabricated parts by applying a new process planning method based on parameter estimation (PE).
Design/methodology/approach
PE is a method that finds a set of parameter values that minimize a measure of deviation. In this work, the measure of deviation is the difference between the exposure received by points along down‐facing surfaces and the SL resin's critical exposure.
Findings
The surface finish of down‐facing surfaces can be improved by a factor of 2‐9, depending upon the surface angle, compared with parts prepared using commercially available software. Surface finishes less than 1 μm Ra have been demonstrated on a SLA‐250/50 machine.
Research limitations/implications
Only down‐facing surfaces can have their surface finish improved using this method.
Practical implications
Common form errors known as “stair‐stepping” can be diminished on parts fabricated using SL.
Originality/value
The usage of PE methods for process planning is a new approach.
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Amy M Gregory, H.G. Parsa, Khaldoon Nusair, David J Kwun and Sanjay Putrevu
This research aims to propose a model that may be used to classify product attributes according to their effect on customer satisfaction within the services industry. It also aims…
Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to propose a model that may be used to classify product attributes according to their effect on customer satisfaction within the services industry. It also aims to apply the model to vacation ownership products and to explore attributes related to both the purchase and use of the product: an owned luxury product.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from 3,231 vacation ownership customers of multiple international companies were analyzed using a modified Kano model and related questionnaire.
Findings
This study reveals the effect that specific product attributes have on customer satisfaction. It addresses previously unexplored attributes (i.e. sales techniques and hotel program benefits), confirms others previously identified with customer satisfaction (i.e. amenities, exchange benefits, hotel affiliation and vacation counselors) and reveals those that had no incremental effect on overall satisfaction (i.e. financing and activities).
Practical implications
Results of this study suggest that attributes have varying effects on customers’ overall satisfaction and submit that companies may wish to focus their efforts in particular areas to maintain or improve overall satisfaction. Doing so may create opportunities for companies to increase satisfaction, operate more efficiently or distinguish themselves within the marketplace.
Originality/value
This research is the first comprehensive examination of customer satisfaction related to the purchase and consumption of an owned luxury vacation product, reveals misconceptions related to certain product attributes, uncovers previously unidentified attributes, provides a model for examining customer satisfaction that could be applied across lodging products and provides a benchmark for future studies.
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David W. Rosen, Yong Chen, Shiva Sambu, Janet K. Allen and Farrokh Mistree
A new design‐for‐manufacturing method, called the geometric tailoring (GT), and the associated digital interface concept have been developed that enable the design activities to…
Abstract
A new design‐for‐manufacturing method, called the geometric tailoring (GT), and the associated digital interface concept have been developed that enable the design activities to be separated from the manufacturing activities. Conditions for the successful application of this method are investigated. The GT method is demonstrated for rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technologies, where prototype parts are required to match the production properties as closely as possible. This method is embodied in a system called the rapid tooling testbed (RTTB). Research work is presented on GT and the distributed computing environment underlying the RTTB. Examples are summarized from the usage of this method and testbed.
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David Goldbloom and Louise Bradley
This paper aims to examine the progress of the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) over the first five years of its existence toward stated goals while existing outside the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the progress of the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) over the first five years of its existence toward stated goals while existing outside the constitutional framework of health care funding.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a review of the outputs of the MHCC with emphasis on its first‐ever mental health strategy for Canada, knowledge exchange network, anti‐stigma initiatives, randomized controlled trial of housing‐first initiatives for the homeless mentally ill, as well as other completed projects.
Findings
Consultation and collaboration are essential aspects of working successfully with people with lived experience of mental illness, their families, health professionals, and governments. At the same time, when expectations are high, needs are great, and opinions are varied, disappointment and frustration are inevitable.
Research limitations/implications
Although the MHCC initiatives include the largest single funded research project in mental health in Canadian history, and evaluation is built into other initiatives, the political dimension of its work does not lend itself to research evaluation.
Practical implications
The creation of an organization outside the constitutional framework of health care funding may allow for a catalytic role in precipitating change.
Social implications
The emphasis on anti‐stigma campaigns targeted at defined populations (youth, health professionals, workforce, journalists) may combat the discrimination people with mental illnesses and their families experience.
Originality/value
The paper shows that the Canadian experience is, to date, largely undescribed in the peer‐reviewed literature and may influence other jurisdictions. One of its interventions is already being replicated internationally.
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Amit S. Jariwala, Fei Ding, Aparna Boddapati, Victor Breedveld, Martha A. Grover, Clifford L. Henderson and David W. Rosen
The purpose of this paper is to present a model that can be used to simulate the photopolymerization process in micro‐stereolithography (SL) in order to predict the shape of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a model that can be used to simulate the photopolymerization process in micro‐stereolithography (SL) in order to predict the shape of the cured parts. SL is an additive manufacturing process in which liquid photopolymer resin is cross‐linked and converted to solid with a UV laser light source. Traditional models of SL processes do not consider the complex chemical reactions and species transport occurring during photopolymerization and, hence, are incapable of accurately predicting resin curing behavior. The model presented in this paper attempts to bridge this knowledge gap.
Design/methodology/approach
The chemical reactions involved in the photopolymerization of acrylate‐based monomers were modeled as ordinary differential equations (ODE). This model incorporated the effect of oxygen inhibition and diffusion on the polymerization reaction. The model was simulated in COMSOL and verified with experiments conducted on a mask‐based micro‐SL system. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the possibilities to improve the accuracy of the model for predicting the edge curvature.
Findings
The proposed model predicts well the effect of oxygen inhibition and diffusion on photopolymerization, and the model accurately predicts the cured part height when compared to experiments conducted on a mask‐based SL system. The simulated results also show the characteristic edge curvature as seen in experiments.
Research limitations/implications
A triacrylate monomer was used in the experiments conducted, so results may be limited to acrylate monomers. Shrinkage was not considered when comparing cured part shapes to those predicted using COMSOL.
Originality/value
This paper presents a unique and a pioneering approach towards modeling of the photopolymerization reaction in micro‐SL process. This research furthers the development of patent pending film micro‐SL process which can be used for fabrication of custom micro‐optical components.