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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 28 February 2023

Mohammed Ba-Aoum, Niyousha Hosseinichimeh, Konstantinos P. Triantis, Kalyan Pasupathy, Mustafa Sir and David Nestler

Patient length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of emergency department (ED) performance. Investigating factors that influence LOS could thus improve healthcare delivery…

2396

Abstract

Purpose

Patient length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of emergency department (ED) performance. Investigating factors that influence LOS could thus improve healthcare delivery and patient safety. Previous studies have focused on patient-level factors to explain LOS variation, with little research into service-related factors. This study examined the association between LOS and multi-level factors including patient-, service- and organization-level factors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a retrospective observational design to identify a cohort of patients from arrival to discharge from ED. A year-long data regarding patients flow trhoguh ED were analyzed using analytics techniques and multi-regression models. The response variable was patient LOS, and the independent variables were patient characteristics, service-related factors and organizational variables.

Findings

The findings of this study showed that older patients, middle triage and hospitalization were all associated with longer LOS. Service-related factors such as complexity of care provided, initial ward designation and ward transfer had a significant impact as well. Finally, prolonged LOS was associated with a higher ratio of patients per medical doctor and per nurse. In contrast, a higher number of residents in the ED were associated with longer patient LOS.

Originality/value

Previous studies on patient LOS have focused on patient-level factors, with little research on service-related factors. This study has addressed that gap by examining the association between LOS and multi-level factors including patient-, service- and organization-level factors. Patient-level factors included demographics, acuity, arrival shift, arrival mode and discharge type. Service-level factors consisted of first ward, ward transfer and complexity of care provided. Organizational factors consisted of three ratios: patients per MD, patients per nurse and patients per resident. The results add to the current understanding of factors that increase patient LOS in EDs and contribute to the body of knowledge on ED performance, operation management and quality of care. The study also provides practical and managerial insights that could be used to improve patient flow in EDs and reduce LOS.

Details

International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2690-6090

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2001

M. Afzalur Rahim, David Antonioni and Clement Psenicka

This study tested a structural equations model of the five French and Raven bases of supervisory power (coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent), styles of handling…

3881

Abstract

This study tested a structural equations model of the five French and Raven bases of supervisory power (coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent), styles of handling conflict with supervisor (problem solving and bargaining), and job performance. Employees (N = 1,116) completed questionnaires on power and conflict styles, and their job performance was evaluated by their respective supervisors (N = 398). The data were aggregated for the subordinates associated with a given manager (N = 398) to make sure that independent observation assumption is not violated. The LISREL 8 analysis of data indicates that legitimate power influenced referent power positively and coercive power negatively, and reward and legitimate powers positively influenced expert power, which in turn, positively influenced referent power. Referent power, in turn, positively influenced problem solving (i.e., using more integrating and less avoiding styles) and negatively influenced bargaining (i.e., using more dominating and less obliging styles) conflict‐management styles, and finally, problem solving style, but not bargaining style, positively influenced job performance.

Details

International Journal of Conflict Management, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1044-4068

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2013

R.D. Kulkarni, M.E. Chaudhari and S. Mishra

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and in‐depth review of the present status and recent developments in synthetic methodologies, reaction engineering, process…

1166

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and in‐depth review of the present status and recent developments in synthetic methodologies, reaction engineering, process design and quality control aspects associated with the manufacture of mono and multifunctional acrylate monomers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews commercially important UV cure mono and multifunctional acrylate monomers. It covers their synthesis, catalyst, and appropriate solvents for azeotropic removal of byproducts. The detail discussion on catalysis, basis of design of reactors and commercial plant and the process engineering associated with the manufacture has been supported through citation of synthesis of various acrylate monomers. The methodologies adopted for determination of physical, chemical and compositional characterisation of acrylate monomers have been presented. In addition, the guidelines regarding the bulk storage and commercial handling of acrylates have been reviewed.

Findings

The reaction engineering of esterification reaction between acrylic acid and polyol has been worked out to provide the basis for selection of reactors. The reaction has been modeled as a series – parallel complex reaction for providing explanation for generation of various byproducts/adducts and multiple esters.

Practical implications

The detailed discussion on formation, characterisation and treatment of Michael adducts and purification of acrylate monomers will be relevant for new researchers for further development. A review of guidelines on selection of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of acrylate monomers has been presented.

Originality/value

Since the related literature on acrylate monomers is scarce, scattered and proprietary, the consolidated coverage in one paper will be useful.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 42 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Book part
Publication date: 31 October 2022

Abstract

Details

International Environments and Practices of Higher Education
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-590-6

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Article
Publication date: 29 July 2010

James Kirkbride, Jeremy Coid, Craig Morgan, Paul Fearon, Paola Dazzan, Min Yang, Tuhina Lloyd, Glynn Harrison, Robin Murray and Peter Jones

Genetic and environmental factors are associated with psychosis risk, but the latter present more tangible markers for prevention. We conducted a theoretical exercise to estimate…

1550

Abstract

Genetic and environmental factors are associated with psychosis risk, but the latter present more tangible markers for prevention. We conducted a theoretical exercise to estimate the proportion of psychotic illnesses that could be prevented if we could identify and remove all factors that lead to increased incidence associated with ethnic minority status and urbanicity. Measures of impact by population density and ethnicity were estimated from incidence rate ratios [IRR] obtained from two methodologically‐similar first episode psychosis studies in four UK centres. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to estimate IRR, controlling for confounders. Population attributable risk fractions [PAR] were estimated for our study population and the population of England. We considered three outcomes; all clinically relevant ICD‐10 psychotic illnesses [F10‐39], non‐affective psychoses [F20‐29] and affective psychoses [F30‐39]. One thousand and twenty‐nine subjects, aged 18‐64, were identified over 2.4 million person‐years. Up to 22% of all psychoses in England (46.9% within our study areas) could be prevented if exposures associated with increased incidence in ethnic minority populations could be removed; this is equivalent to 66.9% within ethnic minority groups themselves. For non‐affective psychoses only, PAR for population density was large and significant (27.5%); joint PAR with ethnicity was 61.7%. Effect sizes for common socio‐environmental risk indicators for psychosis are large; inequalities were marked. This analysis demonstrates potential importance in another light: we need to move beyond current epidemiological approaches to elucidate exact socio‐environmental factors that underpin urbanicity and ethnic minority status as markers of increased risk by incorporating gene‐environment interactions that adopt a multi disciplinary perspective.

Details

Journal of Public Mental Health, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5729

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 27 January 2025

Carla Haynes and Mark Rhys Kebbell

The purpose of this study was to determine if outcome bias and hindsight bias impact police performance ratings and perceptions of the likelihood and foreseeability of intimate…

148

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine if outcome bias and hindsight bias impact police performance ratings and perceptions of the likelihood and foreseeability of intimate partner homicides. In addition, the authors wished to see if taking the perspective of police mitigates any effects.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 200 university students read vignettes describing an incident from a police officer’s perspective or from their own perspective. Participants also read risk assessments of the offender’s risk of committing violence. They were randomly assigned to receive either information that the offender later committed a homicide or no outcome information.

Findings

The results demonstrated an outcome bias and hindsight bias, wherein participants who received information about the homicide rated it as more likely and foreseeable and gave lower performance ratings to the police, compared to those who did not receive outcome information. Participants who took police perspective still showed this bias.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that people are likely to be biased in their perceptions and judgements of police performance when they know a homicide occurred. This bias seems to be difficult to overcome.

Originality/value

This paper provides empirical evidence to show people may be unfairly critical of police performance when a homicide is perpetrated.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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Article
Publication date: 22 September 2022

David Paul

Positive transformative leadership development practices in health care are perhaps the most important pathway that, collectively, can be pursued while heading towards a…

933

Abstract

Purpose

Positive transformative leadership development practices in health care are perhaps the most important pathway that, collectively, can be pursued while heading towards a post-corona virus disease 2019 world, and race towards 2030. As a practitioner paper, based on front line and leadership experience, this study aims to argue that we need transformational leaders who will go beyond knowing to practice and implementation. While the findings from research is presented from different organisations and companies, they all have something in common – people. Hence, important lessons can be extrapolated to health-related organisations in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on practical research findings based on the literature. The approach uses real practical examples from companies and organisations to demonstrate the need for a new, radical way forward.

Findings

The findings from the literature clearly indicate that mindfulness-based transformative leadership development program is a worthwhile investment for decision-makers and organisations. A new transformative leader for the future of health care needs to be developed with care with investment in that development.

Research limitations/implications

Implications of this paper show that health-care organisations need to begin this journey. There is a paucity in the literature to demonstrate the implementation of mindfulness-based transformative leadership development programs.

Practical implications

Organisations of the future face even greater challenges brought about by intelligent technology, new pandemics and even tighter government regulation. The time to prepare for such eventualities is now. This is not a choice but an imperative for organisations to know what to do rather than react with regret.

Originality/value

There is a paucity in the health-care literature that tracks, measures, and reports on the long-term results of a mindfulness-based transformative leadership development program. This needs to be addressed, and health care should be a leader in the field of mindfulness and transformative leadership of the future.

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Article
Publication date: 28 April 2023

Linlin Zhang, Haoran Jiang, Tongwen Hu and Zhenduo Zhang

Drawing upon person–supervisor fit theory, a model is developed to illustrate how leader–member trait mindfulness (in)congruence may impact leader–member exchange (LMX) and how…

586

Abstract

Purpose

Drawing upon person–supervisor fit theory, a model is developed to illustrate how leader–member trait mindfulness (in)congruence may impact leader–member exchange (LMX) and how such trait mindfulness (in)congruence can indirectly influence taking charge.

Design/methodology/approach

Polynomial regression and response surface methodology are used to analyze 237 valid matched leader–member dyads.

Findings

LMX increases as leaders' and members' trait mindfulness become more aligned; LMX is higher when leader–member dyads are congruent at high levels (vs low levels). In the case of incongruence, LMX is higher when the member's trait mindfulness exceeds that of the leader. Furthermore, the relationship between leader–member trait mindfulness (in)congruence and taking charge is mediated by LMX.

Practical implications

The joint and interactive role of high trait mindfulness in leader–member dyads can help them to generate high-quality interpersonal exchange, as well as to cope with challenges posed by present and future changes.

Originality/value

The linear, nonlinear, simultaneous and interactive effects of dyadic trait mindfulness expand previous research, clarifying that the evaluation of leader–member congruence and incongruence at various degrees, and for various patterns of trait mindfulness, is more informative than examining the direct effect alone.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 39 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

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Article
Publication date: 17 August 2020

Terje Berg and Dag Øivind Madsen

This paper aims to examine the historical evolution and popularity of activity-based thinking in management accounting. As an organising framework, this paper applies the lens of…

2005

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the historical evolution and popularity of activity-based thinking in management accounting. As an organising framework, this paper applies the lens of management fashion theory, which is a perspective that is well suited to the examination of the lifecycles of management accounting concepts and ideas.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper pursues a bibliographic approach to better understand the past and present state of activity-based thinking. Thus, this paper attempts to piece together a mosaic picture by synthesising existing research on activity-based thinking from a wide range of academic and practitioner-oriented sources.

Findings

While the original activity-based costing (ABC) model has evolved and broadened and has generated new related concepts, studies suggest that it is not as successful as accounting concepts such as the balanced scorecard. The overall popularity trajectory of activity-based thinking can be considered to be negative, and it is currently not receiving much attention in accounting journals.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is based on desk research and is limited by a reliance on secondary sources. In addition, it may be subject to the authors’ own biases when it comes to defining relevant articles studied.

Practical implications

This paper provides more insight into the evolution and popularity of activity-based thinking and discusses some of the reasons why it is not more widely used in practice.

Originality/value

Although many studies have examined the diffusion of ABC-related techniques, most are quite dated. More than 30 years have passed since the coining of the ABC term, and the time is ripe to provide a historical re-examination of the impact of this type of thinking in the field of accounting and to consider the latest developments and trends.

Details

Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1832-5912

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Article
Publication date: 12 August 2024

Francisco Ceballos-Espinoza

This paper aims to explore advances in indirect personality assessment, with emphasis on the psychology of digital behavior based on the analysis of new technological devices and…

61

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore advances in indirect personality assessment, with emphasis on the psychology of digital behavior based on the analysis of new technological devices and platforms for interpersonal relationships, identifying – along the way – those findings that may be useful to carry out a reconstructive psychological assessment (RPA) of applicability in the legal context.

Design/methodology/approach

Different fields of knowledge are explored, transferring the findings to the field of psychology of digital behavior, analyzing the publications that report findings on the analysis of new technological devices and platforms for interpersonal relationships and identifying – along the way – those findings that may result useful to carry out an RPA of applicability in the legal context.

Findings

The application of RPA represents a significant advance in the integration of criminal psychology and forensic technology in legal contexts, opening new fields of action for forensic psychology.

Originality/value

The article has transferred advances in computer science to the field of forensic psychology, with emphasis on the relevance of RPA (from the analysis of digital behavioral residues) in the interpretation of behavioral evidence for the indirect evaluation of the personality and within the judicial context (when the victim and/or accused are not included).

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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