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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1991

David G. Blanchflower

Recent policies designed to promote profit sharingin Great Britain are surveyed. Evidence on theextent of profit sharing in Britain is presented,and the economic impact of such…

315

Abstract

Recent policies designed to promote profit sharing in Great Britain are surveyed. Evidence on the extent of profit sharing in Britain is presented, and the economic impact of such schemes is assessed. It is found that there is little strong evidence to support the notion that profit sharing significantly improves either employment, profitability, productivity, investment or remuneration.

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International Journal of Manpower, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1990

David Blanchflower

Changes in British industrial relations over the lastdecade are surveyed and their impact on economicperformance is analysed. The evidence on theeconomic effects of unions – on…

151

Abstract

Changes in British industrial relations over the last decade are surveyed and their impact on economic performance is analysed. The evidence on the economic effects of unions – on wages, employment, working conditions, negotiations and profits – is reviewed. Finally, comments are offered on likely future trends.

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International Journal of Manpower, vol. 11 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

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Book part
Publication date: 27 June 2022

Harriet Bradley, Richard Waller and Laura Bentley

Abstract

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Selling Our Youth
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-239-4

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1999

Michael R. Smith

Focuses on the approach to interpreting earnings equality found in the writings of a variety of economists and in particular, technological change and its effects on the demand…

615

Abstract

Focuses on the approach to interpreting earnings equality found in the writings of a variety of economists and in particular, technological change and its effects on the demand skill resulting in earning inequality. Argues that the evidence in favour of the technological effect is weak and presents some alternatives for further consideration.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 19 no. 9/10/11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 13 April 2010

Stuart Trow

The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree to which central bank policy errors made the credit crisis inevitable.

737

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree to which central bank policy errors made the credit crisis inevitable.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper did this by first observing the increasing tolerance shown by policymakers over time towards major structural imbalances. It then discussed three distinct behaviours or policy errors, describing their form and impact.

Findings

The first error is to hold short‐term interest rates at excessively low levels for sustained periods of time. The second is the unintended consequence of long‐term borrowing costs being kept artificially low as current account surplus countries purchased dollar‐denominated bonds with their surplus funds. The final error related to the skewed regulatory incentives which heavily favoured debt finance over equity funding, thereby encouraging excessive leverage. The paper concludes that central bank behaviour does indeed make a credit crisis inevitable, although clearly the central banks cannot be held directly responsible for policy errors outside of their remit. Nevertheless, where central banks combined a regulatory role with the conduct of monetary policy, they clearly should have been more pro‐active in their oversight of the commercial banks.

Practical implications

The implications of the findings are serious inasmuch as there is little evidence that senior central bankers have altered their behaviour as a result of the crisis. There remains an elevated tolerance of structural imbalances and there has been no acknowledgement by central bank heads of their culpability, despite more junior central bankers being increasingly vocal on the subject. Clearly commercial bankers played an important part in the crisis, but the paper questions how realistic it is to expect them to modify their behaviour without suitable regulatory incentives.

Originality/value

The paper adds insight into the credit crisis and the role of the behaviour of central banks.

Details

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4179

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Expert briefing
Publication date: 10 July 2019

The impact of working less hours on policy.

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Abstract

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The Creation and Analysis of Employer-Employee Matched Data
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44450-256-8

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Book part
Publication date: 13 September 1999

Paola Casavola, Piero CipoIIone and Paolo Sestito

Abstract

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The Creation and Analysis of Employer-Employee Matched Data
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44450-256-8

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Article
Publication date: 3 June 2020

Marco Túlio Aniceto França, Gustavo Saraiva Frio and Mariza Bethanya Dalla Vecchia Korzeniewicz

The aim of this study is to evaluate the wage gap between men and women who seek self-employment in Brazil, whether because they want to become entrepreneurs out of necessity or…

290

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the wage gap between men and women who seek self-employment in Brazil, whether because they want to become entrepreneurs out of necessity or because of the flexible hours.

Design/methodology/approach

The data used are from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and the methods are the ordinary least squares (OLS) for the Mean and the unconditional quantile regression (RIF-regression) for the distribution of gains of both genders, both associated with the Oaxaca–Ransom decomposition in order to separate the differential between the part explained by attributes and the unexplained part.

Findings

The main results show that women earn less than men in the mean and throughout the distribution. The average difference is 27.79%, varying between 19.24 and 48.26% in the distribution. The inclusion of occupational variables shows that the glass door phenomenon exists even in self-employment, that is, women choose occupations with lower incomes.

Originality/value

Stimulating self-employment has been an alternative policy for the insertion of women in the labor market. This is the first study on the wage gap in self-employment in the Brazilian labor market. The presence of wage differentials among self-employed men and women throughout the distribution may point to the need for specific policies that not only target the mean. These policies would be related to sticky floor and to the glass ceiling. Another potential problem concerns the so-called glass door–women access the labor market via professions that pay less, otherwise, the problem points to occupational segregation against women.

Peer Review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2019-0312

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 47 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Book part
Publication date: 1 July 2005

Stephen Lippmann, Amy Davis and Howard E. Aldrich

Nations with high levels of economic inequality tend to have high rates of entrepreneurial activity. In this paper, we develop propositions about this relationship, based upon…

Abstract

Nations with high levels of economic inequality tend to have high rates of entrepreneurial activity. In this paper, we develop propositions about this relationship, based upon current research. Although we provide some descriptive analyses to support our propositions, our paper is not an empirical test but rather a theoretical exploration of new ideas related to this topic. We first define entrepreneurship at the individual and societal level and distinguish between entrepreneurship undertaken out of necessity and entrepreneurship that takes advantage of market opportunities. We then explore the roles that various causes of economic inequality play in increasing entrepreneurial activity, including economic development, state policies, foreign investment, sector shifts, labor market and employment characteristics, and class structures. The relationship between inequality and entrepreneurship poses a potentially disturbing message for countries with strong egalitarian norms and political and social policies that also wish to increase entrepreneurial activity. We conclude by noting the conditions under which entrepreneurship can be a source of upward social and economic mobility for individuals.

Details

Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-191-0

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