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Article
Publication date: 19 September 2008

Darrell W. Pepper and Xiuling Wang

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and employment of an hp‐adaptive finite element method (FEM) algorithm for solving heat transfer problems in partitioned…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and employment of an hp‐adaptive finite element method (FEM) algorithm for solving heat transfer problems in partitioned enclosures, which has attracted the attention of both experimental and theoretical researchers in recent years.

Design/methodology/approach

In the hp‐adaptive FEM algorithm presented here, both the element size and the shape function order are dynamically controlled by an a posteriori error estimator based on the L2 norm; a three‐step adaptation strategy is used with a projection algorithm for the flow solver.

Findings

Simulation results are obtained for 2D and 3D natural convection within partitioned enclosures. Results show refined and enriched elements that develop near the partition edges and side walls of the enclosure, as expected. The heat transfer between the heated and cooled side walls is reduced in the presence of a partial partition.

Research limitations/implications

The Rayleigh numbers were set to 105 in the 2D case and 103 in the 3D case. Efforts are underway to apply the hp‐adaptive algorithm to partitioned enclosures at much higher Rayleigh numbers, including comparison with available experimental data.

Practical implications

Heat transfer within partitioned enclosures occurs in many engineering situations: heat transfer across thermo pane windows, solar collectors, fire spread and energy transfer in rooms and buildings, cooling of nuclear reactors and heat exchanger design.

Originality/value

The hp‐adaptive FEM algorithm is one of the best mesh‐based algorithms for improving solution quality, whilst maintaining computational efficiency. The method shows considerable promise in solving a wide range of heat transfer problems including fluid flow.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 18 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2002

Darrell L. Ross

Allegations of excessive force in policing have been cited as one of the most frequent claims filed against the police in arrest situations. The United States Supreme Court in…

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Abstract

Allegations of excessive force in policing have been cited as one of the most frequent claims filed against the police in arrest situations. The United States Supreme Court in Graham v. Connor (1989) determined that “objective reasonableness” is the Fourth Amendment standard to be used in evaluating claims of excessive force. This paper analyzes the patterns of lower federal court decisions in 1,200 published Section 1983 cases decided from 1989 to 1999. The assessment examines how these courts have applied and interpreted the standard in four categories involving force. Policy and training issues are discussed and future research concerns are presented.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Book part
Publication date: 1 February 2007

Ruth N. Bolton and Crina O. Tarasi

Abstract

Details

Review of Marketing Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-7656-1306-6

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1996

Neville B. Grady, Darrell L. Fisher and Barry J. Fraser

People’s images of the world and parts of it are important influences on their behaviour in school and elsewhere. Metaphors can be used as tools to enable school leaders and…

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Abstract

People’s images of the world and parts of it are important influences on their behaviour in school and elsewhere. Metaphors can be used as tools to enable school leaders and others to gain some insight into these images, and “Images of school through metaphor” (ISM) is a questionnaire, consisting of 26 metaphors, which can be employed to this end. The development of ISM in its actual and ideal forms involved extensive field testing. ISM was used in a large study and the resulting data were subjected to a number of tests to assess further the validity of the instrument. Six clusters of metaphors were identified. ISM is simple, economic, easy to use and is sufficiently valid and reliable for use with teachers in schools, and its potential as a workshop stimulus appears to be considerable.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Book part
Publication date: 18 December 2020

Karl Farrugia

Comedy and parody in rock and metal music have been around since the genre's inception. The Italian comedic music genre known as rock demenziale employs the use of nonsense and…

Abstract

Comedy and parody in rock and metal music have been around since the genre's inception. The Italian comedic music genre known as rock demenziale employs the use of nonsense and surrealism which turns conventions upside down. The demenziale has also attracted a slew of bands that employ this humour within the heavy metal genre, most famous of which is the Roman band Nanowar of Steel. With their jabs at Manowar and power metal bands, they place mundane activities and characters into the grandiose medievalist and fantasy worlds commonly used by those bands to the point of absurdity. However, with humour being deeply culture-specific, jokes that draw from a country's pop culture and makes extensive use of puns may be lost to an audience not familiar with that culture. Nanowar of Steel's unique position of having songs written in seven languages, primarily English and Italian, allows us to take a deeper look at how language and humour interfaces with the local and global metal scenes.

Details

Multilingual Metal Music: Sociocultural, Linguistic and Literary Perspectives on Heavy Metal Lyrics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-948-9

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Article
Publication date: 17 August 2020

Dimitrios Sakkos, Edmond S. L. Ho, Hubert P. H. Shum and Garry Elvin

A core challenge in background subtraction (BGS) is handling videos with sudden illumination changes in consecutive frames. In our pilot study published in, Sakkos:SKIMA 2019, we…

284

Abstract

Purpose

A core challenge in background subtraction (BGS) is handling videos with sudden illumination changes in consecutive frames. In our pilot study published in, Sakkos:SKIMA 2019, we tackle the problem from a data point-of-view using data augmentation. Our method performs data augmentation that not only creates endless data on the fly but also features semantic transformations of illumination which enhance the generalisation of the model.

Design/methodology/approach

In our pilot study published in SKIMA 2019, the proposed framework successfully simulates flashes and shadows by applying the Euclidean distance transform over a binary mask generated randomly. In this paper, we further enhance the data augmentation framework by proposing new variations in image appearance both locally and globally.

Findings

Experimental results demonstrate the contribution of the synthetics in the ability of the models to perform BGS even when significant illumination changes take place.

Originality/value

Such data augmentation allows us to effectively train an illumination-invariant deep learning model for BGS. We further propose a post-processing method that removes noise from the output binary map of segmentation, resulting in a cleaner, more accurate segmentation map that can generalise to multiple scenes of different conditions. We show that it is possible to train deep learning models even with very limited training samples. The source code of the project is made publicly available at https://github.com/dksakkos/illumination_augmentation

Details

Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0398

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