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In acknowledgment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's Call to Action #92, the purpose of this paper is to present the business case for honoring Indigenous rights in Canada. We outline the strengths as well as risk-mitigation that come from honoring Indigenous rights and present opportunities to action economic reconciliation.

The authors utilize professional insights, lived community experience and research on the extent of Indigenous rights in Canada to form the business case.

There is evidence of risk to businesses that forgo honoring Indigenous rights.

Many businesses consider Indigenous rights and relationship building as barriers to moving forward on projects such as economic development. Through a rights-based lens, this paper outlines that honoring Indigenous rights is a business opportunity producing risk mitigation and social value.

The paper offers a simplified and concise business case to a complex issue and suggests an approach honoring Indigenous rights for non-Indigenous businesses.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers and challenges to supply chain collaboration in the humanitarian sector; to appraise the relationships between international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and local non-governmental organizations (LNGOs) during disaster relief; and to explore the humanitarian context in regard to supply chain collaboration.

Literature from both the commercial and humanitarian sectors is discussed in the context of vertical partnerships. A Jordanian study spanning a network of 26 international and LNGOs is explored via semi-structured interviews.

The research provides valuable insights on the challenges facing LNGOs and INGOs when developing partnerships. Contextual factors, including host governmental policies and the social-economic setting of a disaster directly affect the motivations for supply chain collaboration between LNGOs and INGOs.

The research is built on interviewees with 30 humanitarian professionals working in one country during an extended crisis. The majority of the empirical data are only from one actor’s perspective, thus further research into dyadic and network relationships is required. Approaches to addressing the diverse cultural and decision-making perspectives of LNGOs and INGOs warrant further investigation.

Recognizing the motives and challenges to vertical partnerships between LNGOs and INGOs will assist the managers, both at the strategic and operational levels, to find solutions and evolve strategies to build effective partnerships. Compromise and consideration for partner’s drivers and cultural views are essential for effective joint humanitarian relief initiatives.

This paper extends supply chain collaboration to a humanitarian context. Overcoming the challenges facing collaborative efforts and complementary nature of the drivers provide a means to achieve effective partnerships. Despite the uniqueness of the humanitarian context, such as the secondary nature of cost and dynamic demand, the core principles of collaboration still hold.

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of surface-radiation on the phenomenon of natural convection flow of a Newtonian fluid in a non-Darcian porous media cavity. The study is mainly focused on the interaction between the inertial resistance of the fluid layers and the surface radiation.

For numerical simulation of transient vorticity transport and energy equations, the paper uses the alternate direct implicit method. Forward Time Central Space descretization is used for the transient and diffusion terms in the alternate direct implicit method, whereas for the convective terms, the method is modified using second upwind differencing technique. ADI method is adopted here, since this technique is unconditionally stable as a complete sweep and is second-order accurate in time for low velocity changes. The stream function equation is solved using the successive over relaxation technique with residual tolerance of order 10-5.

It was found that despite the reduction of flow, the heat transfer increases as the Forschheimer resistance is increased. Further, with the increase in the Planck number, the heat transfer from the bottom radiating wall increases. Darcy drag parameter did not have a significant impact on flow properties except a slight reduction in the flow. Nevertheless, the increase in temperature ratio has a significant impact on flow properties.

The analysis is valid for unsteady, two-dimensional natural convection flow in a fluid-saturated non-Darcy porous medium enclosed by non-isothermal walls. As a first case, the study is conducted for square cavity. An extension to three-dimensional flow case and the study of Darcy-Forschheimer medium with effect of viscous dissipation is left as a part of future work.

The approach is applicable to the modeling of geothermal systems where the inertial resistance to flow also comes into act with the non-uniform temperature distribution. The method is very useful to analyze solar receiver systems, fire research, electronic cooling, brake housing of an aircraft and many environmental geothermal processes.

The study may be of some interest to engineers interested in heat transfer in ventilated rooms or enclosures, the industrial waste, water and atmospheric pollution.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate computationally the hydrothermal characteristics for forced convective laminar flow of water through a channel with a top wavy wall and a flat bottom wall having metallic porous blocks.

The governing equations are solved computationally using a finite element method–based numerical solver COMSOL Multiphysics® for the following range of parameters: 10 ≤ Reynolds number (Re) ≤ 500 and 10^–4 ≤ Darcy number (Da) ≤ 10^–1.

The presence of porous blocks significantly influences the heat transfer rate, and the value of local Nusselt number increases with the increase in Da. The value of the average Nusselt number decreases with Da for the top wall and the same is enhanced for the bottom wall of the wavy channel with porous blocks (WCPB). The value of the average Nusselt number for WCPB is significantly higher than that of the wavy channel without porous block (WCWPB), plane channel without porous block (PCWPB) and plane channel with the porous block (PCPB) at higher Re. For PCPB, the performance factor (PF) is always higher than that of WCWPB and WCPB for Da = 10^–4 and Da = 10^–3. Also, PF for WCPB is higher than that of WCWPB for higher Re except for Da = 10^–4. Further, the value of for WCPB is higher than that of PCPB at Da = 10^–2 and 10^–1 at Re = 500.

The current study is useful in designing efficient heat exchangers for process plants, solar collectors and aerospace applications.

The analysis of thermo-hydraulic characteristics for laminar flow through a channel with a top wavy wall and a flat bottom wall having metallic porous blocks have been analyzed for the first time. Further, a comparative assessment of the performance has been performed with a wavy channel without a porous block, a plane channel without a porous block and a plane channel with porous blocks.

The effects of anisotropy and radiation cannot be considered negligible while investigating the stability of the fluid in convection. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how these effects could affect the system while considering a couple-stress dielectric fluid. Therefore, the study establishes the effect of thermal radiation in a couple-stress dielectric fluid with an anisotropic porous medium using Goody's approach (Goody, 1956).

To analyze the effect of radiation on the onset of convection, the Milne–Eddington approximation is employed to convert radiative heat flux to thermal heat flux. The equations are further developed to approximate for transparent and opaque medium. Stability of the quiescent state within the framework of linear theory is performed. The principle of exchange of stabilities is shown to be valid by means of single-term Galerkin method. Large values of conduction–radiation and absorptivity parameters are avoided as fluid is considered as liquid rather than gas.

The radiative heat transfer effect on a couple-stress dielectric fluid saturated anisotropic porous medium is examined in terms of Milne–Eddington approximation. The effect of couple-stress, dielectric, anisotropy and radiation parameters are analyzed graphically for both transparent and opaque medium. It is observed that the conduction–radiation parameter stabilizes the system; in addition, the critical Darcy–Rayleigh number also shows a stabilizing effect in the absence of couple-stress, dielectric and anisotropy parameters, for both transparent and opaque medium. Furthermore, the absorptivity parameter stabilizes the system in the transparent medium, whereas it exhibits a dual effect in the case of an opaque medium. It was also found that an increase in thermal and mechanical anisotropy parameters shows an increase in the cell size, whereas the increase in Darcy–Roberts number and conduction–radiation parameter decreases the cell size. The validity of principle of exchange of stability is performed and concluded that marginal stability is the preferred mode than oscillatory.

The effects of anisotropy and radiation on Rayleigh–Bénard convection by considering a couple-stress dielectric fluid has been analyzed for the first time.

The purpose of this paper is to consider heat and mass transfer by natural convection from a vertical cylinder in porous media for a temperature‐dependent fluid viscosity in the presence of radiation and chemical reaction effects.

The governing equations are transformed into non‐similar differential equations and then solved numerically by an efficient finite‐difference method.

It is found that there are significant effects on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the problem due to the variation of viscosity and radiation and chemical reaction effects.

The paper combines the effects of radiation, chemical reaction, non‐Darcy porous media effects along with the variation of viscosity with temperature.

In this communication, a theoretical simulation is aimed to characterize the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a magneto-couple stress fluid over an inclined exponentially stretching sheet. Stokes’ couple stress model is deployed to simulate non-Newtonian microstructural characteristics. Two different kinds of thermal boundary conditions, namely, the prescribed exponential order surface temperature (PEST) and prescribed exponential order heat flux, are considered in the heat transfer analysis. Joule heating (Ohmic dissipation), viscous dissipation and heat source/sink impacts are also included in the energy equation because these phenomena arise frequently in magnetic materials processing.

The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting suitable similar transformations. The resulting system of nonlinear ODEs is tackled numerically by using the Runge–Kutta fourth (RK4)-order numerical integration scheme based on the shooting technique. The impacts of sundry parameters on stream function, velocity and temperature profiles are viewed with the help of graphical illustrations. For engineering interests, the physical implication of the said parameters on skin friction coefficient, Nussult number and surface temperature are discussed numerically through tables.

As a key outcome, it is noted that the augmented Chandrasekhar number, porosity parameter and Forchhemeir parameter diminish the stream function as well as the velocity profile. The behavior of the Darcian drag force is similar to the magnetic field on fluid flow. Temperature profiles are generally upsurged with the greater magnetic field, couple stress parameter and porosity parameter, and are consistently higher for the PEST case.

The findings obtained from this analysis can be applied in magnetic material processing, metallurgy, casting, filtration of liquid metals, gas-cleaning filtration, cooling of metallic sheets, petroleum industries, geothermal operations, boundary layer resistors in aerodynamics, etc.

From the literature review, it has been found that the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a magneto-couple stress fluid over an inclined exponentially stretching surface with heat flux conditions is still scarce. The numerical data of the present results are validated with the already existing studies under limited cases and inferred to have good concord.

The purpose of this paper is to take the thermal analysis of natural convection and radiation heat transfer in fully wet porous fins. The wet porous fins taken for the analysis are straight fins in nature and wet. Their profile being straight helps heat transfer process of fins faster. The analysis is performed using the Darcy’s model to generate the heat equation to analyze the variation of convection and radiation parameters. The porous nature of the fins allows the flow to penetrate through the porous material of the fins leading to solid-fluid interface. The obtained non-dimensional ordinary differential equation involving three highly nonlinear terms are solved numerically by using spectral collocation method after which they are reduced into algebraic equations using Chebyshev polynomials. The study is analyzed using the mathematical analysis on heat equation and generating graphs for finding the parameters important to the heat transfer in the straight fins.

This study is performed using Darcy’s model to formulate heat transfer equation. To study the thermal performance, the authors considered a finite length fin with insulated tip. The effects of the wet fin parameter m₂, porosity parameter S_h, radiation parameter G and temperature ratio C_T on the dimensionless temperature distribution and heat transfer rate are discussed.

The results show that the base heat flow increases when the permeability of the medium is high and/or when the buoyancy effect induced in the fluid is strong.

The analysis is made for the Darcy’s model. Non-Darcy effects will be investigated in a future work.

The approach is useful in enhancing heat transfer rates.

The results of the study will be interest to the researchers of the field of heat exchanger designers.

Professional storytelling and interpretive techniques can be successfully adapted for the classroom. For educators, character interpretation is an especially effective teaching tool. The author uses her extensive experience as an actress, storyteller, and educator to explain why character interpretation works so effectively to engage students and capture their attention. More than traditional methods of instruction, these established techniques put a “face” on history: They place people and events in a relatable, humanizing context that supports the teaching of controversial topics such as human rights and revolution. Using real-world examples, Tucker explains how character interpretation attracts people at all levels of ability and interest. Such presentations enable students to not only connect with historical figures' perspectives and motivations but also compare their own contemporary worldviews. Further, teachers can connect STEM education with history through their choice of people to portray, drawing from contemporary as well as historical figures to illustrate key learning concepts. This chapter outlines the educational value of framing a presentation within a socio/political/scientific context; doing so helps students to relate the presentation content to their own perceptions and to frame appropriate questions for the character if a Q&A takes place. The chapter further deconstructs the complexities of character interpretation into a series of manageable steps, explaining the sequence of storytelling from character conception to performance. Guiding questions at the end provide useful suggestions for dramatic presentations by teachers and students.