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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1997

Stephen F. Pirog, Peter A. Schneider and Danny K.K. Lam

Western marketers typically find the Japanese distribution system perplexing and difficult to penetrate. In fact, US trade negotiators have accused the Japanese government of…

1399

Abstract

Western marketers typically find the Japanese distribution system perplexing and difficult to penetrate. In fact, US trade negotiators have accused the Japanese government of deliberately limiting the access to distribution by foreign manufacturers. The situation may have reached a boiling point when the Clinton Administration retaliated by unilaterally imposing a 100 per cent tariff on Japanese luxury cars. However, a socio‐cultural rather than a purely economic perspective is needed to understand the system if US marketers are to make successful inroads in Japan’s markets. Develops a globally generalizable framework rooted in social exchange theory that explains the structure by which distribution activities can be compared across national boundaries. Uses the framework to compare how the Japanese and US distribution systems work. Discusses implications that challenge current policies in both the public and private sectors.

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International Marketing Review, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-1335

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Article
Publication date: 6 April 2022

Emmanuel Imuetinyan Aghimien and Danny Hin Wa Li

Daylight plays a crucial role in the attainment of building energy savings. Harnessing daylight in building designs will require the need for daylight illuminance data. However…

107

Abstract

Purpose

Daylight plays a crucial role in the attainment of building energy savings. Harnessing daylight in building designs will require the need for daylight illuminance data. However, daylight illuminance data are scarce due to few measuring stations. Aside from being sparse, illuminance measuring stations can be expensive to set up, thus making the luminous efficacy model a better alternative. Hence, this study attempted to model horizontal luminous efficacies under the 15 Commission internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) standard skies. Therefrom, daylight illuminance was estimated from a proposed vertical luminous efficacy model.

Design/methodology/approach

Measured solar irradiance, daylight illuminance and luminance distribution data were gathered from the local measuring station in Hong Kong. The luminance distribution data were used to classify the skies into the 15 CIE standard skies. Next, the solar irradiance and daylight data were used to derive the horizontal luminous efficacies under each standard sky. Furthermore, a vertical luminous efficacy model developed using the measured data was described, and this was used to predict vertical illuminance.

Findings

It was observed that Skies 1, 8 and 13 seem to be predominant in Hong Kong. Also, the result showed that constant luminous efficacies could be used for deriving illuminance data. Furthermore, horizontal luminous efficacy ranged from 40 to 190lm/W, indicating that daylight can provide sufficient visibility during working hours. The vertical luminous efficacy model proves to offer reasonable estimations of vertical illuminance data.

Research limitations/implications

Further work needs to be done with more measured data to cover for spring seasons. The described model still needs to be fitted with different world climates to ascertain its universal applicability. The evaluations need to be done under obstructed sky conditions to cater for dense and clustered urban centres.

Practical implications

The discussed luminous efficacy model could be used to derive illuminance data in the absence of measured daylight illuminance data, especially in the subtropical region. Also, the comparative advantage of daylight over artificial lighting was highlighted in this study.

Originality/value

Unlike previous studies, this paper discusses the luminous efficacies of global, direct and diffuse components under the 15 CIE standard skies. Furthermore, the described luminous efficacy analysis provides an approach for deriving vertical and horizontal illuminance data. Such vertical data will be required for analysing building lighting requirements, sensible heat from electric lighting, and energy savings from daylighting controls. Also, the information on horizontal luminous efficacies will help evaluate solar roof and skylight designs.

Details

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-6099

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Book part
Publication date: 9 July 2013

Abstract

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Tourism Social Media: Transformations in Identity, Community and Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-213-4

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Article
Publication date: 12 April 2013

Wilco W. Chan, Sylvester Yueng, Eric Chan and Danny Li

Water heating is one of the major energy‐consuming operations in the lodging sector. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the energy consumed and emission associated…

2010

Abstract

Purpose

Water heating is one of the major energy‐consuming operations in the lodging sector. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the energy consumed and emission associated with hot water usage, to predict the energy cost required under different hot water systems in hotels; and to create a model for the decision‐making criteria in selecting hot water systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 24 hotels, which use heat pumps as their main water heating systems, were investigated. A tailor‐made model for estimating the energy requirement of the water heating system was employed. Comparative studies on the energy consumption and energy costs of various types of water heating systems, including heat pumps, diesel boilers, gas boilers, and electric boilers, were conducted. Moreover, an analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze hoteliers' and lenders' selection criteria for water heating facilities.

Findings

The energy output for water heating by heat pumps was estimated at 15 GW in the lodging sector. The use of heat pumps can achieve substantial energy savings and reduction of air pollutants when compared with the energy requirements under conventional boilers. The latter accounts for 13 percent of the hoteliers' total decision weight on choosing water‐heating systems. Whereas the air pollutants generated by gas‐fired boilers are remarkably lower than those emitted in the power plants due to the use of heat pumps. Both bankers and hoteliers consider seriously the energy saving potential of hot water supply by trucks.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the small number of decision‐makers in hotels participating in the analytic hierarchy process, the result can only provide an indication of the overall picture of the selection criteria adopted by hoteliers.

Practical implications

The analysis provides hotel owners and managers with an objective and scientific investigation of the emission prediction and energy cost estimation based on the use of different hot water systems. Hotel operators and owners can use the analytical results as reference for making green purchasing decisions.

Originality/value

The current study, which is based on the operational experiences of existing hotels, is a collaborative work between hospitality industry practitioners and educators. It is also the first of its kind to indicate the emission impact of various types of hotel water heating systems and the perspectives of hoteliers and bankers on these systems.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1993

Lynda Chong‐Wee Keng Neo

In this fiercely competitive local retailing environment filledwith countless identical retail offerings, the use of good customerservice can help retailers gain competitive edge…

504

Abstract

In this fiercely competitive local retailing environment filled with countless identical retail offerings, the use of good customer service can help retailers gain competitive edge over the others. Customer service is often overlooked as a strategic tool when compared to the other retail operational variables which have direct impact on sales. However, the time has come when shoppers, because of their increasing sophistication and affluence, are demanding better customer service. Factors leading to the increasing importance of customer service in the Singapore context include maintaining a regular clientele through goodwill, increased expectation of shoppers, impact of customer service on purchase decision at the shopfloor and as a differentiation tool. Adopts a case study approach on a leading clothes retailer named Giordano Originals (Singapore) Private Limited to illustrate the use of customer service as a major retailing tool.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 23 September 2013

Ibraiz Tarique and Ellen Weisbord

The “adult third culture kid” (ATCK) is an individual who has spent significant periods of childhood living outside his or her parents’ culture(s). Research is needed to identify…

1117

Abstract

Purpose

The “adult third culture kid” (ATCK) is an individual who has spent significant periods of childhood living outside his or her parents’ culture(s). Research is needed to identify specific experiential variables responsible for the development of components of cross-cultural competencies (CC) in ATCKs. The goal of this study is to gain insight into these relationships and provide a foundation for continuing investigation by examining how early international experience and personality variables impact CC in ATCKs. Specifically, the study examines how four components of early international experience and two characteristics of stable CC impact three dynamic characteristics of CC.

Design/methodology/approach

Study participants (159) had spent their childhood years living in one or more foreign countries. In all, 54 percent of the sample was women, and the average age was 22 (SD=1.52). None of the subjects had any international work experience, allowing us to look at the impact of non-work experience without the confounding effect found in other research of this type. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a three-week period.

Findings

There are five important predictors of CC in ATCKs: variety of early international experience (number of different countries lived in), language diversity (the number of languages they speak), family diversity (the number of different ethnicities in their family's background), and the personality trait of openness to experience.

Research limitations/implications

The generalizability of study findings is limited by the nature and size of the sample. In addition, the single source sample of this study is also a limitation, as single source samples are subject to common method bias. We reduced this potential bias by using a time lag (Podsakoff et al., 2003) to create a temporal separation between the measurement of the predictors and the dependent variables, a procedural remedy suggested by Podsakoff et al. (2003).

Practical implications

The practical uses for the findings of this study by human resource management (HRM) professionals are in the areas of hiring and assignment of expatriate managers. Study findings provide HRM professionals with an initial set of criteria to assist in the process of identification and training of expatriate managers. Global organizations have traditionally used training to increase the pool of effective global managers. This study provides initial evidence that identification of individuals with early international experiences should prove a useful addition to the process of selecting candidates for foreign assignment.

Social implications

The practical uses for the findings of this study by HRM professionals are in the areas of hiring and assignment of expatriate managers. Study findings provide HRM professionals with an initial set of criteria to assist in the process of identification and training of expatriate managers. Global organizations have traditionally used training to increase the pool of effective global managers. This study provides initial evidence that identification of individuals with early international experiences should prove a useful addition to the process of selecting candidates for foreign assignment.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first studies to empirically examine ATCKs and provides a starting point for future researchers in this area. Obtaining a sample of ATCKs is extremely challenging.

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Article
Publication date: 9 March 2012

Louise F. Pendry, Avril J. Mewse and Carole B. Burgoyne

The present research aims to investigate parental attitudes towards using either cloth or disposable nappies, to better understand whether and how pro‐cloth initiatives might…

1398

Abstract

Purpose

The present research aims to investigate parental attitudes towards using either cloth or disposable nappies, to better understand whether and how pro‐cloth initiatives might impact parental decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Focus groups were conducted with both cloth and disposable nappy users to gain a better understanding of the factors that underlie their choice. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The paper finds that parents using disposable nappies believed they were marketed as offering a popular, efficient, healthy, good value system. They acknowledged the environmental impact but rationalised this by referring to the equivocal nature of these consequences, and the ability to off‐set this by engaging in other pro‐environment behaviours. Parents choosing cloth nappies did so initially because they were more environment‐friendly and cost‐effective and disposables were disliked. Once using cloth, parents noted additional benefits: performance, fashion, formation of bonds with other users, and getting a buzz out of using them. This reinforced their reasons for continued use.

Practical implications

Cloth nappies are unlikely to gain mass appeal, but findings suggest a bigger take up if parents are better informed, and subsidies are provided to reduce set‐up and laundering costs to tackle the “ease of use” barrier. The positive aspects of cloth nappies should be better promoted.

Social implications

Marketing initiatives need to buy into the current “designer parents” trend and play to the aspirational, fashionable aspects of cloth nappies.

Originality/value

This paper, the first to report on parental attitudes and decisions regarding both nappy types, could inform public policy and marketing decisions.

Details

Young Consumers, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-3616

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2006

Lawrence W.C. Lai and K.W. Chau

471

Abstract

Details

Property Management, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-7472

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2021

Emmanuel Imuetinyan Aghimien, Danny Hin Wa Li and Ernest Kin-Wai Tsang

This paper reviews extant studies on bioclimatic architecture with a view of revealing the focus areas of past studies and mapping out future research directions useful in…

1487

Abstract

Purpose

This paper reviews extant studies on bioclimatic architecture with a view of revealing the focus areas of past studies and mapping out future research directions useful in achieving building energy efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method systematic review that integrates quantitative and qualitative analysis was adopted. The bibliographic data were extracted from the Scopus database, and a scientometric analysis was conducted to analyse the data quantitatively. Qualitative content analysis is then presented, which provided a basis for mapping out trends and gaps in current knowledge.

Findings

It is observed that there has been a rise in the number of studies on bioclimatic architecture over the last two decades. Past studies have focused on sustainability, building performance simulation, building climatology and energy use, solar energy applications and passive cooling. Artificial intelligence, algorithm coupling and acoustic comfort were some of the emerging areas discovered in this study.

Research limitations/implications

The study reveals research gaps that researchers can investigate.

Practical implications

The information provided can help the building industry stakeholders in decision-making. It serves as a guideline for maximising the potential benefits of adopting bioclimatic designs in the building industry. Furthermore, it provides references that aid policy formulation for government agencies and corporate organisations.

Originality/value

The study fills the literature gap caused by the need for a holistic literature review that relates bioclimatic architecture and its energy efficiency implications. It is also the first study on bioclimatic architecture that adopts a mix of scientometric and qualitative analysis for analysing past studies on bioclimatic architecture.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 29 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

Sea‐Nine Biocide ‐ Rohm and Haas Company announced that Sea‐Nine 211 biocide has been registered for use in marine paints by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Sea‐Nine 211…

46

Abstract

Sea‐Nine Biocide ‐ Rohm and Haas Company announced that Sea‐Nine 211 biocide has been registered for use in marine paints by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Sea‐Nine 211 is the first new generation organic biocide to earn this registration.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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