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The purpose of this paper is to propose an uncertain regression model with an intrinsic error structure facilitated by an uncertain canonical process.

This model is suitable for dealing with expert's knowledge ranging from small to medium size data of impreciseness. In order to have a rigorous mathematical treatment on the new regression model, this paper establishes a series of new uncertainty concepts sequentially, such as uncertainty joint multivariate distribution, the uncertainty distribution of uncertainty product variables and uncertain covariance and correlation based on the axiomatic uncertainty theoretical foundation. Two examples are given for illustrating a small data regression analysis.

The uncertain regression model is formulated and the estimation of the model coefficients is developed.

The paper is devoted to a regression model to handle a small amount of data with mathematical rigor.

The theory and the methodology of the uncertain canonical process regression is proposed for the first time. It addresses the practical challenges of small data size modelling.

Live Streaming Marketing has emerged as a transformative medium, facilitating real-time product promotion and brand messaging and reshaping consumer engagement. However, knowledge of the impact of Store Atmospheric cues within live streaming contexts remains scarce. This research delves into the dynamic interplay between streamers and viewers across diverse live streaming platforms, with a focus on the impact of distinct atmospheric cues. It also seeks to explore prosocial behavior and integrate elements of social comparison theory.

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 streamers and 26 viewers. Participants who were active on streaming platforms and had experience of multiple live streaming sessions were purposively identified. The thematic coding approach and NVivo 12 software were employed to gain a nuanced understanding of live streaming dynamics.

Our findings highlight the significant role of emerging atmospheric cues in shaping immersive streaming experiences and fostering prosocial behavior. Additionally, we observed three formats of upward social comparisons between streamers and viewers, wherein viewers compared themselves with streamers and peers, and streamers engaged in comparisons with more experienced counterparts. This finding contributes to a sense of digital community and positive interactions because of live streaming adoptions.

By extending the application of social comparison theory, this study provides valuable insights for practitioners and scholars, enriching the understanding of both streamers’ and viewers’ psychological behavior and the dynamics of virtual retail settings.

This paper aims to establish and empirically test a theoretical framework to explain the impacts of health quick response (QR) technology trust and acceptance on responsible pandemic travel.

The study integrates trust, confidence and cooperation theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM) to address the research aim. Adopting a quota sampling approach, a national online survey of 1,089 respondents was conducted across mainland China. Structural equation modelling is applied to evaluate the proposed hypotheses.

Results indicate that health QR code technology trust can improve travel confidence and mitigate travel fear, which influences travel intention and social distancing practices among tourists. However, tourists’ acceptance of health QR codes encourages social distancing behaviours rather than travel intentions.

The study illustrates the role of health information technology in improving tourist confidence and responsible travel behaviours in a pandemic context. Furthermore, the research supports and adds to the TAM by investigating the relationships between acceptance of health-related technology and pandemic travel behaviour.

This research helps the local government and tourism managers to evaluate the effectiveness of health QR codes in pandemic travel in China. Strategies for improving tourists’ trust, technology adoption and responsible behaviours are provided.

This study differs from existing literature by investigating the innovative technology (i.e., health QR codes) in pandemic travel. Given the prevalence of health QR codes after the COVID-19 outbreak, it fills a knowledge gap and provides advice to improve pandemic travel safety.

本文旨在建立并实证检验一个理论框架, 以解释健康快速反应 (QR) 技术信任和接受对负责任的大流行旅行的影响。

该研究整合了信任、信心和合作理论以及技术接受模型来解决研究目标。 采用配额抽样的方法, 在中国大陆对 1089 名受访者进行了全国在线调查。 应用结构方程模型来评估提出的假设。

结果表明, 健康二维码技术信任可以提高旅行信心并减轻旅行恐惧, 这会影响游客的旅行意愿和社会疏远做法。 然而, 游客对健康二维码的接受鼓励了社会疏远行为, 而不是旅游意图。

该研究说明了健康信息技术在大流行背景下提高游客信心和负责任的旅行行为方面的作用。 此外, 该研究通过调查健康相关技术的接受度与流行病旅行行为之间的关系, 支持并补充了技术接受度模型。

这项研究帮助当地政府和旅游管理者评估健康二维码在中国大流行旅游中的有效性。 提供了提高游客信任度、技术采用和负责任行为的策略。

这项研究与现有文献的不同之处在于调查了大流行旅行中的创新技术（即健康二维码）。 鉴于 COVID-19 爆发后健康二维码的流行, 它填补了知识空白并提供了改善大流行旅行安全的建议。

This study aims to examine the human resources (HR) knowledge and cross-cultural and interpersonal skills needed by HR managers/directors to administer the integrated resort and hotel (IR&H) organizational talent.

This paper uses a qualitative method in the form of extensive interviews.

The labor-intensive nature of the IR&Hs have forced these organizations to be innovative in terms of retaining their top talents and to look overseas for foreign workers to ensure smooth operations.

The research is limited to two Asian geographies and the high regulatory nature of the industry correspondingly limits the number of HR executives in operation within IR&Hs.

This paper provides insights for current and future Asian-based IR&Hs policy planners and HR managers.

The paper provides an understanding of national and organizational skills shortages and their impact upon work and workers.

No previous comparative research in relation to Singapore and Macau has been conducted.

This paper aims to present the case for a new integrated resort business model. It does so by integrating the notion of a smart tourism ecosystem into the concept of dynamic capabilities so as to guide integrated resort theory and practice in an evolving landscape.

The theoretical model is derived from synthesising the gaps surrounding literature that contextualises business models and the relatively scarce body of knowledge related to integrated resort business models.

Integrated resorts are characterised by strategies using a follower mentality. Destinations seeking to create new integrated resorts largely emulate existing product or service points of differentiation, though such attempts are often quickly eroded by competition. By integrating the smart tourism ecosystem to the theoretical framework, this conceptual paper elucidates how an information-rich environment can help to better realise sustainable competitive advantages.

This conceptual paper will require empirical data to validate the theoretical model. Implications stemming from the research will hasten greater social networks that need to be incorporated to foster timely and necessary circulation of information to attain optimal outcomes generated by the dynamic capability effect.

This paper re-conceptualises the business model for integrated resorts. By integrating the notion of smart tourism ecosystems to business model literature, the paper illuminates how integrated resorts can be better positioned in adapting to the changing operating environments.

The expansion of online shopping aligned with challenging economic conditions has contributed to increasing fraudulent retail product returns. Retailers employ numerous interventions typically determined by embedded perspectives within the company (supply side) rather than consumer-based assessments of their effectiveness (demand side). This study aims to understand how customers evaluate counter-fraud measures on opportunistic returns fraud in the UK. Based on the fraud triangle and the theory of planned behaviour, we develop an empirically informed framework to assist retail practice.

We collected 485 valid survey responses about consumer attitudes regarding which interventions are effective against different types of returns fraud. First, a principal component section evaluates the policies' effectiveness to identify any policy grouping that could help prioritise specific sets of policies. Second, cluster analysis follows a two-stage approach, where cluster size is determined, and then survey respondents are partitioned into subgroups based on how similar their beliefs are regarding the effectiveness of anti-fraud policies.

We identify policies relating to perceived effectiveness of interventions and create customer profiles to assist retailers in conceptualising potential opportunistic fraudsters. Our product returns fraud framework adopts a consumer perspective to capture the perceived behavioural control of potential fraudsters. Results suggest effectiveness of different types of interventions vary between different types of consumers, which leads to the development of propositions to combat the fraud.

This study is unique in assessing the perceived effectiveness of a range of interventions based on data collection and advanced analytics to combat fraudulent product returns in omnichannel retail.

Green technology adoption (GTA) in small and micro enterprises (SMEs) is a complex multi-attribute group decision-making issue. Conflicts of opinions can hamper the achievement of group coherence. The purpose of this paper is to solve the conflict decision-making problem in SMEs.

This paper reconstructs the GTA evaluation index system for SMEs and proposes an intragroup coordination relationship model to mitigate group decision-making conflicts based on the cloud model and social networks (GCS). The numerical characteristics of these GTA indicators are determined using fuzzy theory and cloud model.

It was found that establishing a trust relationship network and a conflict coordination relationship could improve the consistency of group decision-making. The degree of coordination has subtle differences with the trust relationship. Particularly, the coordination relationship has obvious influences on the decision-making results among small groups in SMEs.

The conflict coordination model can significantly improve the consistency of group decision-making in SMEs. At the same time, it discusses the differences between the level of conflict coordination and the trust propagation in the process of group decision-making.

This paper aims to present the different issues that must be tackled when creating a viable multi‐user, multi‐device game. The issues tackled range from user interaction issues to graphics quality to bandwidth constraints. The paper also aims to present different configurations depending on the type of game to be created and a strategy for network gaming using heterogeneous devices focusing on the development of a game that allows users of mobile devices and desktop computers to interact and compete on a single domain.

A tank battle game was developed that plays the same game across both a mobile device such as a phone/PDA and a desktop counterpart.

Although there is a sacrifice in the richness of the game environment on mobile devices, it is possible to develop games that play across platforms and devices, and safeguards can be put in place in order not to overly handicap players using mobile devices.

The research focused on a single type of game. It would be ideal to attempt such work on other game genres or platforms. The implications of such work would be that the ubiquity of game play could be extended and the overall gaming experience improved.

This paper allows game developers to rethink the possibilities as they develop new games.

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is an exploratory orientation because its dimensions such as innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking are the essence of exploration that entails uncertain returns. While literature suggests firms might need to counterbalance and complement EO with another orientation for organisational success, research on this area remains limited. Drawing on organisational learning theory, the purpose of this article is to explore whether and how the EO dimensions and organisational ambidexterity complement each other to enhance new product performance. More specifically, the authors explore the configurations of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking and ambidexterity for superior new product performance under different levels of market turbulence.

Based on a configurational perspective, the authors applied fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 88 small and medium-sized firms from the UK. Using fsQCA allows the authors to uncover the potential complementary role between the EO dimensions and ambidexterity for superior new product performance.

The results of this paper reveal three configurations that are sufficient to produce superior new product performance. The results suggest that the EO dimensions and ambidexterity can complement each other to enhance new product performance. Further, under the turbulent market environment, the EO dimensions are also sufficient to produce superior new product performance.

By adopting a configurational perspective using fsQCA, the study provides a more holistic understanding of how the EO dimensions work together to influence new product performance. It also contributes to the literature by uncovering the complementary role of the EO dimensions and ambidexterity in shaping new product performance.

The paper aims to empirically examine the questions of how top management team (TMT) characteristics, including TMT heterogeneity and vertical dyads differences between TMT and Board Director, influence entrepreneurial strategic orientation, as well as how industry environment and corporate ownership moderate those relationships.

The paper designs the panel data on the listed companies of China's Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Board for the period 2006-2010, and uses hierarchical regression analysis and grouping regression analysis when examining the relationships among variables involved.

The paper provides empirical insights about how top management team (TMT) characteristics, including TMT heterogeneity and vertical dyads differences between TMT and Board Director, influence entrepreneurial strategic orientation, as well as how industry environment and corporate ownership moderate those relationships. It suggests that, except for TMT educational background, the heterogeneity of TMT age, gender, functional experience, and the vertical dyad differences between TMT and board chairperson significantly and positively impact ESO. Furthermore, industry environment and corporate ownership will moderate the relationship between TMT characteristics and ESO.

This paper fulfills an identified need to study how top management team characteristics influence entrepreneurial strategic orientation, as well as how industry environment and corporate ownership moderate those relationships.