Daniele Cinque, Jose Viriato Araujo dos Santos, Stefano Gabriele, Sonia Marfia and Hernâni Lopes
The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the application of four damage factors to several single and multiple damage scenarios of aluminium beams. Each one of these…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the application of four damage factors to several single and multiple damage scenarios of aluminium beams. Each one of these damage factors is defined by the information given by modal curvatures of the beams.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology consisted of a first experimental stage in which the modal rotations were measured with shearography and a subsequent numerical analysis in order to obtain the modal curvatures. To this end, three finite difference formulae were applied. The modal curvatures were then used to calculate the damage factors.
Findings
It was found that the profile of the damage factors varies according to the finite difference formula used. In view of the findings, the differences among the damage factors analysed are highlighted and some final recommendations to improve damage identifications via modal curvature-based are presented.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the application and comparison of several finite difference formulae and corresponding optimal sampling has not been carried out before. With the proposed approach, it is possible to identify multiple damages, which is still a great challenge. The post-processing of shearography measurements with a numerical method, which is inherently a multidisciplinary approach, is also a substantial improvement upon other type of approaches found in the literature.
Details
Keywords
In this chapter, I examine the populism of the Northern League and Berlusconi. I attempt to provide an institutional explanation as to why Italy, more so than other Western…
Abstract
In this chapter, I examine the populism of the Northern League and Berlusconi. I attempt to provide an institutional explanation as to why Italy, more so than other Western European democracies, has experienced such diverse forms of populism. Stated in full, the thesis advanced is that the rise and persistence populism in Western European democracies, such as Italy, is an indication of an institutional crisis of representation.
– The aim of this paper is to examine marketing practices within the bicycle industry.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to examine marketing practices within the bicycle industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper utilizes both primary and secondary sources to provide a retrospective analysis of marketing strategy at the largest Italian bicycle company.
Findings
The paper explains how marketing works at the Bianchi company and provides a detailed analysis of how it built its brand identity over time.
Research limitations/implications
Very few primary sources were available. There was neither a company archive nor other archives. For the most part, the paper is based on secondary sources.
Originality/value
The paper tries to fill the gap in current marketing literature that usually neglects the bicycle as a relevant topic, despite bicycle companies being a predecessor to the automobile industry. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that bicycle companies developed a rather sophisticated approach to marketing that is still in use.