Mayank Jaiswal and Daniel Josephs
The case delves into supply, demand, price gouging, hoarding and capabilities of the firm. The theories/concepts and a short overview are covered below. These theories and…
Abstract
Theoretical basis
The case delves into supply, demand, price gouging, hoarding and capabilities of the firm. The theories/concepts and a short overview are covered below. These theories and concepts are then referenced as appropriate in the “Answers to Discussion Questions” section as follows: Supply Demand Theory; Price Gouging, Speculation and Hoarding; Resources, Capabilities and Activities; Friedman’s and Porter’s view of goals of a firm; Corporate Social Responsibility.
Research methodology
The case was motivated after a discussion with Mr Matthew Roberts, who is the Chief Operating Officer of SPR Industries. Several subsequent interviews were conducted with Matt. Matt also became the chief protagonist of the case. Matt provided multiple quotes and anecdotes. The protagonist Matt and the focal organization (SPR Industries) are disguised. The financial figures have also been disguised using a multiplier. However, the material facts of the case are authentic.
Case overview/synopsis
This case sheds light on the impact of the COVID pandemic on a small business in the personal protective equipment industry. The students will get an understanding of the supply and demand forces in a market. Furthermore, the case bears out how unpredictable situations such as the pandemic lead to speculation and price gouging opportunities but not in all products affected by it. The case explores the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of firms regarding price gouging in their products. Students will also get an appreciation of how an industry and its participants change in response to such black swan events as the COVID pandemic. Finally, the case presents a small enterprise’s decision choices â?? Should they maintain the status quo, become a sub-broker or become a wholesaler.
Complexity academic level
This case is designed to target undergraduate students of strategic management or entrepreneurship. It could be appropriate for upper level courses such as Strategic Management, Small Business Management and maybe even Family Business Management. It could be taught in the latter half of the course after the basic concepts have been covered. This case could bring together many of the concepts into a real-life setting.
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Daniel Joseph Finkenstadt and Robert Handfield
This study examines the lack of confidence in the actions of the government and pharmaceutical companies during vaccine deployment. The authors introduce the concept of supply…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the lack of confidence in the actions of the government and pharmaceutical companies during vaccine deployment. The authors introduce the concept of supply chain immunity. The authors test whether the perception of higher vaccine supply chain immunity leads to higher willingness to be vaccinated within the supply chain community.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors utilize factor analysis and item response theory methods to develop a scale for measuring supply chain immunity. The original and psychometrically sound scale is tested via a structural equation model (SEM). Factor analysis and SEM use survey responses from two samples of 125 supply chain executives.
Findings
SEM suggests that supply chain immunity perceptions are a strong predictor of overall supply chain confidence for COVID vaccines. Further, these perceptions, through supply chain confidence, indirectly impact individuals' self-reported willingness to personally accept a vaccine themselves.
Originality/value
This paper presents the concept of supply chain immunity perceptions that have not been used in the medical supply chain literature. This paper presents a first-of-a-kind scale for supply chain immunity perceptions utilizing nascent methods and demonstrates the constructs impact on vaccine program confidence and public willingness to participate.
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Anne-Lise Knox Velez, Joseph Daniel and McKenna Magoffin
We assess changes that have taken place in organizational structure, governance structure and professional approach to U.S. nonprofit preservation from 2010 to 2020. This research…
Abstract
Purpose
We assess changes that have taken place in organizational structure, governance structure and professional approach to U.S. nonprofit preservation from 2010 to 2020. This research contributes to our understanding of pressures shaping organizational capacity of cultural and historic preservation nonprofits in the U.S., focusing on changes in ecological influences at the national and regional level through the lenses of institutional theory and regionalism.
Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study are from an online survey of 75 cultural and historic preservation nonprofit organizations in the United States. The survey was developed based on previous interview research, and respondents were asked scaled and open-ended questions regarding the scope of their work and organizational capacity.
Findings
These data show resource preservation has shifted focus somewhat from individual, private sites to commercial or public buildings and districts. We also noted changes in professional approaches to preservation around engagement in disaster planning and the emergence of social justice as a focus area. Collectively, changes in preservation have implications for representation, public understanding of history and regional identities across the U.S., as well as for the way we understand changes in subfields or like groups of organizations within a larger population of organizations.
Originality/value
This study builds on previous research on the scope and capacity within the U.S. nonprofit cultural and historic preservation, including demonstrating a growing focus on social justice issues within the subsector. It contributes to institutional research on changes in subfields resulting from changes in external pressures and in culture. There are clear practical implications for practitioners seeking to understand the capacities and values in other organizations undertaking similar work. As preservation and cultural understanding of what is worth preserving and promoting changes, society can benefit by understanding current practitioner approaches and encouraging community–practitioner interactions.
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Caitlin Paige Roach and Daniel Joseph Slater
This paper aims to determine whether CEOs with a humanities education (e.g. English/literature, philosophy, history, languages, religion, visual arts, or performing arts) exhibit…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to determine whether CEOs with a humanities education (e.g. English/literature, philosophy, history, languages, religion, visual arts, or performing arts) exhibit higher levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within their firms than those who have studied other disciplines.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is an empirical examination of S&P 500 CEOs’ undergraduate education and their firms’ level of CSR as measured by Kinder, Lydenberg & Domini (KLD).
Findings
CEO undergraduate humanities education is associated with higher levels of CSR even after accounting for several firm- and individual level controls. In addition, the CSR dimensions of community and diversity were found to be key drivers of the association.
Research limitations/implications
This research is limited in understanding the micro-processes of the CEOs affected by a humanities education, as it relates to CSR. However, the results imply a values-based connection that is supported by the upper echelons theory.
Practical implications
CSR-minded firms may seek out humanities-educated executives. In addition, the results would suggest a need for humanities education despite the recent waning interest.
Originality/value
First, the findings of Manner (2010) will be confirmed using a different sample. Second, the humanities education and CSR relationship will be explored using a composite measure of CSR as opposed to analyzing its strengths and weaknesses separately (Manner, 2010), thus representing a holistic evaluation of the relationship. Third, previous research will be extended by examining the specific CSR dimensions (e.g. customers, employees) that are affected by a humanities education.
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David M. Rosch, Dana L. Joseph and Daniel A. Newman
A sample of 276 students enrolled in campus leadership programs completed the Emotional Competence Inventory-University Edition (ECI-U) and the Socially Responsible Leadership…
Abstract
A sample of 276 students enrolled in campus leadership programs completed the Emotional Competence Inventory-University Edition (ECI-U) and the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale (SRLS) as a means to determine the relatedness in college students of emotional intelligence (EI) to the practice of post-industrial leadership skills. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported current use of subscales within the SRLS and showed that EI and post-industrial leadership skills represent distinct, yet related, constructs. Results also suggest the ECI-U may better represent one overall concept of Emotional Competence rather than four distinct areas of EI. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Blesson Varghese James, David Joseph and Nisha Daniel
This study aims to recognize the role of information system (IS) model on young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. This model of IS takes into account the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to recognize the role of information system (IS) model on young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. This model of IS takes into account the quality of information, the quality of system and the quality of service.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sample frame for analysis which comprises young adult population in India, i.e. between the ages of 18 and 35. A questionnaire consisting of five components was used to collect information in a structured manner. The 386 responses thus collected were analysed using the structural equation model.
Findings
It was found that there is a significant influence of the quality of information, quality of system and quality of service on young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. The findings also showed that there is moderation role of effort expectancy between the quality parameters and young adults’ user experience of housing and real estate chatbots.
Research limitations/implications
This study focusses exclusively on the young adults from various parts of India. Future research can consider larger population categories across age groups and across sectors employing chatbots.
Practical implications
This study will enable in-depth understanding of IS model – quality dimensions’ relation with the user experience. In particular, housing and real estate organisations will profit from the expanded usage of artificial intelligence through chatbots for user correspondence and communication.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is first of its kind, as it investigates how IS model – quality dimensions affect the young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots in India. This study also ventures into identifying the moderation role of effort expectancy between the quality dimensions as per IS model and young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. This study will be useful for the stakeholders of housing and real estate industry.
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Marcia Lorena Rodríguez-Aldana
The student will examine from a systemic perspective qualitative information from a company to propose improvements to its business model.
Abstract
Learning outcomes
The student will examine from a systemic perspective qualitative information from a company to propose improvements to its business model.
Case overview/synopsis
After working for more than 10 years with a global company, in January 2006 the Guadalajara-based jewelry SME, Divine Jewelry Co. (DJC), was facing liquidity problems, overstock and a debt from a bank loan, among others. The planned expansion of DJC, a family business founded in 1980, had resulted in just the opposite. Daniel, the owner and CEO of DJC, was determined to reverse the company's precarious situation as soon as possible. Some of the questions he asked himself centered on what actions he should take to pay off liabilities and try to survive in the industry his business had held a place in for 25 years. Daniel wondered whether, to pay off debts and have sufficient liquidity to have working capital and move forward, it would be enough to make efforts to recover those clients they had stopped serving, along with getting new ones. In addition, he thought it was necessary to formulate a plan to use the remaining proceeds from the sale of the property if they had to dispose of it. The case is about analyzing the strategic management of a company, specifically its business model, considering the context of its industry. The case also illustrates the problems that arise from focusing on serving a single client.
Complexity academic level
The case “Divine Jewelry Co: From Expansion to Survival” has been designed to be used by university students in initial management or strategic management courses on the following topics: Business modelsPorter's Five Forces ModelFormulation of strategies
Supplementary Material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
Subject code
CSS11: Strategy.
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Liam O’Callaghan, David M. Doyle, Diarmuid Griffin and Muiread Murphy
John E. Ettlie, Victor J. Perotti, Daniel A. Joseph and Mark J. Cotteleer
PurposeThe delivered wisdom to date has enterprise system purchase and implementation as one of the most hazardous projects any organization can undertake. The aim was to reduce…
Abstract
PurposeThe delivered wisdom to date has enterprise system purchase and implementation as one of the most hazardous projects any organization can undertake. The aim was to reduce this risk by both theoretically and empirically finding those key predictors of a successful enterprise system deployment.Design/methodology/approachA representative sample of 60 firms drawn from the Fortune 1000 that had recently (1999‐2000) adopted enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems was used to test a model of adoption performance with significant results.FindingsLeadership (social learning theory), business process re‐engineering (change the company not the technology) and acquisition strategy (buy, do not make) were found to be significant predictors of adoption performance (final model R2=43 percent, F=5.5, p<0.001, df=7.52), controlling for industry (manufacturing versus service), project start date and scale (sales). Electronic data interchange (EDI) usage was found to be inversely and significantly related to adoption performance which supports the notion that prior company investments in earlier generations of technology for integration might inhibit adoption of later, more radical or complex alternatives. We validated these results with a focused follow‐up study (2005) using mailed and interview protocols identical to the first questionnaire and 20 new cases of ERP deployment. We found near perfect agreement (p<0.001 binomial test) with our initial findings.Originality/valueThe “four factor” model we validate is a robust predictor of ERP adoption success and can be used by any organization to audit plans and progress for this undertaking.
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Dana L. Joseph, Daniel A. Newman and Hock-Peng Sin
Purpose – This chapter (a) summarizes leader–member exchange (LMX) measurement practices since the influential reviews by Schriesheim, Castro, and Cogliser (1999) and Gerstner and…
Abstract
Purpose – This chapter (a) summarizes leader–member exchange (LMX) measurement practices since the influential reviews by Schriesheim, Castro, and Cogliser (1999) and Gerstner and Day (1997), (b) clarifies the status of LMX as a broad construct from a hierarchical factor model, (c) conducts multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analyses on leader and follower reports of multidimensional LMX, and (d) investigates discriminant validity between Member LMX and satisfaction with supervisor.
Methodology/Approach – We used (a) a literature search of LMX measurement practices, (b) a combination of meta-analysis and factor analysis to specify the broad LMX construct underlying Liden and Maslyn's (1998) (LMX-MDM) multidimensional instrument, (c) MTMM analyses of leader and member ratings of the LMX-MDM, and (d) a combination of meta-analysis and multiple regression to assess incremental validity of Member LMX beyond satisfaction with supervisor.
Findings – Since 1999, 85% of LMX studies now use one of two dominant LMX scales (LMX-7, Scandura, & Graen, 1984; LMX-MDM, Liden & Maslyn, 1998). These two measures are correlated (rcorrected=.9), suggesting the LMX-7 and the LMX-MDM are alternate forms of the same instrument. 94% of studies that used these two measures treat LMX as a single, broad construct rather than as a multidimensional set of constructs. MTMM analyses suggest Leader LMX and Member LMX are two, separate-but-related constructs (i.e., confirming two source factors and no lower-order trait factors). Last, Member LMX meta-analytically correlates with satisfaction with supervisor at rcorrected=.8. There is some incremental validity of LMX, but the pattern is inconsistent across samples.
Social Implications – We point out that LMX researchers have now moved toward standard measurement of LMX – as a broad, higher-order factor that varies between leader and follower. By doing so, we reveal that the stage is set for cumulative and replicable research on leadership as a dyadic, follower-specific phenomenon.
Originality/Value of Paper – Our chapter is the first to reveal consensus in LMX measurement across studies; to summarize the standard treatment of LMX as a single, broad factor; and to apply MTMM analyses to demonstrate separate Leader LMX and Member LMX source factors.