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The notion of tacit knowledge is mostly discussed with regard to experts’ knowledge (Sternberg et al., 1995). It is less discussed in the context of interpersonal interactions, which are very common in organizations and in certain occupations (e.g. negotiations and therapy). The limited reference to this aspect is due to the lack of appropriate methodologies. This study aims to deal with this lacuna; specifically, how to elicit tacit knowledge in professions based on interpersonal interactions.

A case study was chosen to demonstrate the use of symbolic interaction key concepts (Goffman, 1959) as a method to evoke tacit knowledge. The information was gathered from interviews conducted among 20 business negotiation experts. The “onion” model (Asher and Popper, 2019) was used as a tool to analyze various layers of tacit knowledge.

The suggested framework enabled the exploration and characterization of tacit knowledge in professions based on interpersonal interaction, which would not have otherwise emerged.

As interpersonal interaction is a complex and abstract occurrence, the authors propose a conceptual framework (symbolic interaction), which allows for the characterization of such occurrences and a tool (the “onion” model) that allows for the classification of the elicited tacit knowledge.

The study suggests an original framework, which enables the identification and analysis of tacit knowledge in a context that is very common in organizations but is, yet, partially explored – personal interactions. The use of the suggested framework can possibly bridge the gap between unconscious personal learning and knowledge that can be used at the organizational level.

This paper aims to clarify the term “tacit knowledge” and suggests the “onion model” as a way to explore conceptually linked layers of tacit knowledge. The model allows the application of different methodologies to elicit tacit knowledge in each layer, the ability to infer tacit knowledge in other layers from tacit knowledge gained in another layer and the exploration of the dynamics of tacit knowledge among the various layers presented in the model. Conceptual and practical advantages compared to prior works on tacit knowledge are discussed.

The main theoretical and methodological dilemmas discussed in the literature regarding tacit knowledge are reviewed. The “onion model” presented in this paper suggests an approach and methodologies that address the issues raised in the literature. The different layers of the model are demonstrated by prior research studies.

The “onion model” discussed in this study points to various layers of tacit knowledge and the links among them, allowing a research-based approach, as well as various practices.

This paper discusses different layers of tacit knowledge relying on previous works that have dealt with these layers independently. The model as a whole and the dynamics among the layers are yet to be empirically investigated.

The “onion model” provides a conceptual framework that can be used for research and diagnosis aimed at exploring tacit knowledge that can serve individual and organizational development.

The approach discussed in this paper addresses some major problems discussed in the literature on tacit knowledge.

The numerical solution of problems involving two‐dimensional flow in an infinite or a semi‐infinite channel is considered. Beyond a certain finite region, where the flow and geometry may be general, a “tail” region is assumed where the flow is potential and the channel is uniform. This situation is typical in many cases of fluid‐structure interaction and flow around obstacles in a channel. The unbounded domain is truncated by means of an artificial boundary B, which separates between the finite computational domain and the “tail.” On B, special boundary conditions are devised. In the finite computational domain, the problem is solved using a finite element scheme. Both non‐local and local artificial boundary conditions are considered on B, and their performance is compared via numerical examples.

Our nineteenth volume opens with this page in circumstances as unsettled and uncertain as any in the history of this or any other journal. In defiance of prophecy the European conflict drags its colossal slow length wearily along, bearing with it the hopes and fears of the whole human race. It is not to be wondered at that the aims for which we strive have not made great strides in the year that has just closed. Important as we recognize literature and its distribution to be, the pressing material needs of the people often cause them to lose sight of the invincible fact that the freedom of the human spirit, its intellectual and humane expansion, are, after all is said, the ultimate aims of the war. It will not be of abiding service to the British race if in conquering the Germans we sacrifice beyond redemption all those sources of sweetness and light which have been the outcome of centuries of British endeavour. We do not fear that such sacrifice will be demanded of us, but the logic of material facts demonstrates that all who care for schools, libraries, museums, art galleries, music, and all other agencies for the moral and spiritual uplifting of men, must be on their guard against the well‐meaning but ignorant encroachments of those who would rather “save money” by abolishing them, than, for example, by foregoing their own individual luxuries.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a computational model for thin layers, for problems of linear time-dependent heat conduction. The thin layer is replaced by a zero-thickness interface. The advantage of the new model is that it saves the need to construct and use a fine mesh inside the layer and in regions adjacent to it, and thus leads to a reduction in the computational effort associated with implicit or explicit finite element schemes.

Special asymptotic models have been proposed for linear heat transfer and linear elasticity, to handle thin layers. In these models the thin layer is replaced by an interface with zero thickness, and specific jump conditions are imposed on this interface in order to represent the special effect of the layer. One such asymptotic interface model is the first-order Bövik-Benveniste model. In a paper by Sussmann et al., this model was incorporated in a FE formulation for linear steady-state heat conduction problems, and was shown to yield an accurate and efficient computational scheme. Here, this work is extended to the time-dependent case.

As shown here, and demonstrated by numerical examples, the new model offers a cost-effective way of handling thin layers in linear time-dependent heat conduction problems. The hybrid asymptotic-FE scheme can be used with either implicit or explicit time stepping. Since the formulation can easily be symmetrized by one of several techniques, the lack of self-adjointness of the original formulation does not hinder an accurate and efficient solution.

Most of the literature on asymptotic models for thin layers, replacing the layer by an interface, is analytic in nature. The proposed model is presented in a computational context, fitting naturally into a finite element framework, with both implicit and explicit time stepping, while saving the need for expensive mesh construction inside the layer and in its vicinity.

Anti‐corrosion in the air. With the Corrosion and Metal Finishing Exhibition imminent (December 1–4, Olympia) one would say that it certainly is. However, the headline is meant to refer to the BAC 111, an airliner which bids fair to succeed that old and trusty stager the Viscount in long‐service short‐haul transport work.

The first Wisconsin Ph.D.s who came to MSU with an institutional bent were agricultural economists and included Henry Larzalere (Ph.D. 1938) whose major professor was Asher Hobson. Larzalere recalls the influence of Commons who retired in 1933. Upon graduation, Larzalere worked a short time for Wisconsin Governor Phillip Fox LaFollette who won passage of the nation’s first unemployment compensation act. Commons had earlier helped LaFollette’s father, Robert, to a number of institutional innovations.⁴ Larzalere continued the Commons’ tradition of contributing to the development of new institutions rather than being content to provide an efficiency apologia for existing private governance structures. He helped Michigan farmers form cooperatives. He taught land economics prior to Barlowe’s arrival in 1948, but primarily taught agricultural marketing. One of his Master’s degree students was Glenn Johnson (see below). Larzalere retired in 1977.

The optimal control of the steady‐state temperature distribution in radiating panels using control heat sources is considered. The problem has important applications in the thermal control of space structures. A mathematical model leads to an elliptic nonlinear optimal control problem. A numerical optimal control method, based on finite element (FE) discretization and sequential quadratic programming (SQP), is employed. Results are presented for some specific examples.

For many of the current leadership theories, models, and approaches, the answer to the question posed in the title, “Is leadership more than ‘I like my boss’?,” is “no,” as there appears to be a hierarchy of leadership concepts with Liking of the leader as the primary dimension or general factor foundation. There are then secondary dimensions or specific sub-factors of liking of Relationship Leadership and Task Leadership; and subsequently, tertiary dimensions or actual sub-sub-factors that comprise the numerous leadership views as well as their operationalizations (e.g., via surveys). There are, however, some leadership views that go beyond simply liking of the leader and liking of relationship leadership and task leadership. For these, which involve explicit levels of analysis formulations, often beyond the leader, or are multi-level in nature, the answer to the title question is “yes.” We clarify and discuss these various “no” and “yes” leadership views and implications of our work for future research and personnel and human resources management practice.

With the widespread use of technology, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has recently gained a vital momentum as it improves communication competence in an authentic, real-life learning environment. Therefore, the current chapter presents a discussion of the humanization of English language teaching (ELT) by using CALL tools in a higher education institution. Sixteen Turkish students who were studying in the preparatory class in a Turkish state university were included in the study. The research was designed focusing on a qualitative research method. Joint interviewing was conducted at the beginning and end of the academic year, 2018–2019. The interview questions were asked about their perceptions of learning via CALL in the classroom. The findings from the first and second interviews were compared and analyzed according to what they thought and how they were affected. The empirical data presented in this chapter explicated students’ views on the humanization of ELT through CALL in Turkish tertiary English preparatory classes. Ultimately, this chapter sets the grounds for students, teachers, higher education institutions and designers to consider the possible effects of CALL to enhance the humanization of ELT.