When the Ahold company of the Netherlands investigated the operational requirements of scanning equipment, lengthy preparations were undertaken. This is a detailed report of the…
Abstract
When the Ahold company of the Netherlands investigated the operational requirements of scanning equipment, lengthy preparations were undertaken. This is a detailed report of the results, with some valuable information on the difficulties encountered. The commonest problems were those of using a mixed system — scanning, key‐entry and price‐entry — all of which slowed down productivity at the check out. Throughout the paper, the message is clear; there must be unity of action between manufacturers and retailers before the real benefits show. This case‐study presents a practical assessment of one company's experiments with POS systems, and despite the problems, Ahold's commitment in this field and their realistic appraisal of the work still to be done makes interesting reading. This paper was also presented at the CIES conference held in Paris 1979, “EDP: focus on store operations”.
Gwen Delano, Gregory S. Parnell, Charles Smith and Matt Vance
This article presents and compares two techniques for making multiobjective product design decisions: quality function deployment (QFD) and decision analysis (DA). A research and…
Abstract
This article presents and compares two techniques for making multiobjective product design decisions: quality function deployment (QFD) and decision analysis (DA). A research and development (R&D) case study describes the application of these techniques to the selection of the design for a new cargo/passenger aircraft. QFD provides a process for maintaining the voice of the customer, structuring the information in a concise format, developing teamwork, and improving communication. DA improves the quality of decisions by providing the decision maker with a better understanding of his values, insights into value trade‐offs, an understanding of major uncertainties, and the value of additional information. In this study, we found many similarities between the two techniques; however, for multiobjective decisions, decision analysis provides some significant advantages for generating alternatives and performing analysis. We recommend combining the best features of QFD and DA for R&D decision making.
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Anna-Emilia Haapakoski, Juulia Tikkanen and Rauno Rusko
This chapter considers the role and features of co-location and coopetition in the framework of slow (city) tourism using the city of Rovaniemi as a case study example. Rovaniemi…
Abstract
This chapter considers the role and features of co-location and coopetition in the framework of slow (city) tourism using the city of Rovaniemi as a case study example. Rovaniemi, as a tourism destination, contains three main service agglomerations: Santa Claus Village near the Arctic Circle and the Official Airport of Santa Claus, the City centre with three shopping centres and Ounasvaara sports centre, which together constitute, based on co-location, and intentional and unintentional coopetition, one attractive destination providing possibilities for tourism due to several services and activities of the area. Slow tourism is an important emerging tendency to enable the possibility of diminishing overtourism and rethinking the value(s) of local development. Through applying the concepts of slow into tourism city planning, the empowerment and well-being of local communities in increasingly popular global destinations like Rovaniemi are emphasised. Rovaniemi, the city now known as the hometown of Santa Claus, has multilevel coopetitive activities to create year-round locally engaging tourism in order to restrain the development of seasonal overtourism.
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Yoná da Silva Dalonso, Júlia Maria Lourenço, Paula Cristina Almeida Remoaldo and Alexandre Panosso Netto
This chapter presents and analyses the application of the novel version of the Intertwining Model in two tourist destinations which are strongly and successfully related to…
Abstract
This chapter presents and analyses the application of the novel version of the Intertwining Model in two tourist destinations which are strongly and successfully related to Christmas events and products in Brazil and in Finland. This analysis serves as an attempt to monitor the process of tourism development taking into account the policies implemented through time and the inter-relations between them, from the destinations' vocation for Christmas tourism. This analysis identifies stages in the evolution of public policies and their relationship to the networks of different actors, at the phases of development. This chapter confirms that as the model indicates, stakeholders have multiple roles.
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Jan G. Langhof and Stefan Gueldenberg
The article aims at examining the ethical limits and risks of servant leadership. During the Second World War, the German army officer Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg is a loyal…
Abstract
Purpose
The article aims at examining the ethical limits and risks of servant leadership. During the Second World War, the German army officer Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg is a loyal servant to his nation and homeland. But when he learns about the Nazis’ mass murders and crimes, he begins to have doubts about whom he should serve. Being confronted with numerous moral dilemmas, he finally decides to join a resistance group. Of course, Stauffenberg's situation as colonel and leader was an extreme case. Time and again, however, managers and leaders are faced with similar dilemmas. Indeed, the current COVID-19-crisis shows that even today’s leaders are repeatedly faced with almost insoluble dilemmas. The recent literature about ethics and leadership suggests a philosophy which is almost portrayed as a panacea to any ethical issues: servant leadership (SL). This study, however, questions the commonly held view that SL is always ethical. The purpose of our historical case study is twofold. First, this study explores the ethical challenges Stauffenberg (and other officers) faced and how they dealt with them. Second, this study elaborates on what responses (if any) SL would provide to these challenges.
Design/methodology/approach
The applied method is a historical case study, in which the authors draw on a plethora of secondary literature, including books, reports, and articles.
Findings
By analyzing the historical case of “Operation Valkyrie,” this study elaborated and identified risks and limitations of SL and pointed out ways to address these risks. In particular, SL poses risks in the case of a too narrow understanding of the term “service.”
Originality/value
While other leadership styles, e.g. transformational leadership or charismatic leadership, have been extensively studied with regard to ethical risks, in the case of SL possible risks and limitations are still largely unexplored.
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Aline Fernandes Barata, Tim Jones and Sue Brownill
After a technocratic period predominating in mobility literature and practice, the rhetoric of participation has been incorporated as a vital condition for the sustainable…
Abstract
After a technocratic period predominating in mobility literature and practice, the rhetoric of participation has been incorporated as a vital condition for the sustainable mobility agenda and, more recently, for achieving transport and mobility justice. Considering the social significance of mobility beyond simple movement and participation as a term that can accommodate a wide range of motivations and implications, this chapter explores the complex interplay of participation and mobility in the global south context. To this end, this study adopts the spaces for participation framework to investigate the multiple roles of participation in urban mobility. With a focus on the Brazilian context, this chapter uncovers the nature, dynamics, and reach of invited and claimed spaces for participation in mobility planning. Using Rio de Janeiro as the case study site, the chapter examines the invited spaces for participation enabled by the city's mobility plan and analyses whether marginalised populations engage with and/or create further spaces for participation. This was achieved through document analysis, online photo-elicitation interviews with residents of Favela Santa Marta as well as semi-structured interviews with municipal government professionals and representatives of non-government organisations involved in the development of Rio's mobility plan. The chapter discusses the interconnectedness or lack of, within invited and claimed spaces for participation and the multiplicity of meanings attributed to participation and mobility by different actors. The chapter closes with a reflection on what this means for participatory mobility planning in Brazil but which may apply to similar regions in the global south.
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The organization of events in public spaces in the cities of Oporto, Vila Nova de Gaia (both in Portugal), and Barcelona (Spain) led us to propose a classification of thematic…
Abstract
The organization of events in public spaces in the cities of Oporto, Vila Nova de Gaia (both in Portugal), and Barcelona (Spain) led us to propose a classification of thematic cities. The conclusions are the result of social representations of organizers and sponsors in the three cities and, thus, it is a qualitative study carried out in research Ph.D. in Sociology at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Oporto. We propose the presentation of some events organized in three public spaces – Aliados Avenue in Oporto, Cais de Gaia’s waterfront in Vila Nova de Gaia, and Ramblas in Barcelona – to make its framing in terms of objectives, motivations, and public. We also appealed to the social representations of interviewees to evaluate the quality and structure of public spaces in the two cities in the metropolitan area of Oporto in comparison with the Catalan city. Finally, we propose the typification of the three cities according to the features presented throughout the chapter.
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Ali Aslan Gümüsay, Emilio Marti, Hannah Trittin-Ulbrich and Christopher Wickert
Societal grand challenges have moved from a marginal concern to a mainstream issue within organization and management theory. How diverse forms of organizing help tackle – or…
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Societal grand challenges have moved from a marginal concern to a mainstream issue within organization and management theory. How diverse forms of organizing help tackle – or reinforce – grand challenges has become centrally important. In this introductory paper, we take stock of the contributions to the volume on Organizing for Societal Grand Challenges and identify three characteristics of grand challenges that require further scholarly attention: their interconnectedness, fluidity, and paradoxical nature. We also emphasize the need to expand our methodological repertoire and reflect upon our practices as a scholarly community.
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With the plethora of smart mobility innovations, their applications, and their pace of change, it is easy to get distracted by what these innovations can (potentially) do, rather…
Abstract
With the plethora of smart mobility innovations, their applications, and their pace of change, it is easy to get distracted by what these innovations can (potentially) do, rather than what we want or need them to do, if we are to meet our societal goals. The focus of this chapter is therefore on the extent to which smart mobility can help create policy change towards the goal of low carbon mobility. The concept of policy is broken down into its component parts, to outline the relationship between policy goals and policy instruments, and identifies the key tools underpinning policy instruments. In turn, the chapter situates policy instruments within an understanding of policy change and triggers for policy change, arguing there are two key ways in which transformative change can occur; exogenously and endogenously. The chapter argues that the onset of smart mobility does not suggest an exogenous shock to the current policy system, in which smart mobility disrupts the authority and beliefs inherent within the current policy approach to mobility. Smart mobility therefore in and of itself is unlikely to lead to a radical policy shift towards low carbon. However, in understanding smart mobility innovations as policy instruments, it is possible to envisage smart mobility incrementally changing policy towards low carbon mobility, if opportunities for reflexivity and learning are embedded within local policy contexts.