D.M. Santágata, P.R. Seré, S. Hornus Sack, I. Elsner, G. Mendivil and A.R. Di Sarli
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open…
Abstract
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit potential measurements. Painted naval steel samples were studied during the exposure to artificial sea water. The epoxy paint coatings were prepared employing red lead, zinc, red iron oxide or titanium dioxide as pigment with 0.8 of PVC/CPVC ratio. From the EIS and corrosion potential data analyis was found that the anticorrosive protection given by an anticorrosive (pigmented with red lead) and a top coat (pigmented with red iron oxide) epoxy painting scheme was both more lasting and more effective. This was attributed to the fact that both the effective adhesion provided by the chemical bonding between the steel surface and the epoxy paint groups and the constant high barrier effect afforded by this type of top coat were a perfect complement for the high corrosion inhibitive capacity of the red lead pigment.
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D.M. Santágata, P.R. Seré, S. Hornus Sack, C.I. Elsner, G. Mendivil and A.R. Di Sarli
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open…
Abstract
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit potential measurements. Painted naval steel samples were studied during the exposure to artificial sea water. The epoxy paint coatings were prepared employing red lead, zinc, red iron oxide or titanium dioxide as pigment with 0.8 of PVC/CPVC ratio. From the EIS and corrosion potential data analyis was found that the anticorrosive protection given by an anticorrosive (pigmented with red lead) and a top coat (pigmented with red iron oxide) epoxy painting scheme was both more lasting and more effective. This was attributed to the fact that both the effective adhesion provided by the chemical bonding between the steel surface and the epoxy paint groups and the constant high barrier effect afforded by this type of top coat were a perfect complement for the high corrosion inhibitive capacity of the red lead pigment.
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J.J. Caprari, A.R. Di Sarli and B. del Amo
Health and safety legislation has forced changes in the type of anticorrosive pigments used in paint formulations, mainly focused on their substitution with different phosphates…
Abstract
Health and safety legislation has forced changes in the type of anticorrosive pigments used in paint formulations, mainly focused on their substitution with different phosphates. The zinc phosphate pigment used with different types of binders has provided contradictory experimental results. In this paper, waterborne anticorrosive paints pigmented with zinc phosphates were studied. The main variables considered were PVC and the anticorrosive pigment content. Accelerated tests (salt spray, humidity chamber, and electrochemical tests) were performed to evaluate the paints’ anticorrosive performance. Good correlation was found using salt spray and impedance tests. From analysis of the time dependence of all the experimental results it was concluded that an efficient steel protection could be obtained using a waterborne epoxy primer pigmented with zinc phosphate. Such protection is attained through the barrier effect afforded by the paint film as well as the precipitation of a pretty stable ferric phosphate layer under the intact and damaged coating areas.
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Giuseppe Moretti, Francesca Guidi, Roberto Canton, Marino Battagliarin and Gilberto Rossetto
To evaluate the corrosion performance and nano‐mechanical behaviour of a brass substrate covered by different thick SiO2 layers deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical…
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the corrosion performance and nano‐mechanical behaviour of a brass substrate covered by different thick SiO2 layers deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique.
Design/methodology/approach
The comparison between laboratory and “industrial” objects revealed a very good corrosion behaviour and good mechanical performance of both of them: in particular it was possible to modulate the surface treatment to solve various problems from the industrial point of view.
Findings
It was possible to reduce the Cu migration into the SiO2 coating during the PECVD deposition at a negligible level and to control it by the deposition; further, the nano‐indentation tests revealed the great utility of the coating annealing in obtaining a significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the coated objects.
Research limitations/implications
Even if some industrial problems were solved (minimization of the presence of the coating defects and transparency of the coatings), some on the layer hardness (anti‐wear behaviour of the industrial objects) has to be better investigated and possibly solved.
Practical implications
The work reports a deposition process that is carried out industrially over a two year period.
Originality/value
This research reports a PECVD process realized on industrial objects: the originality is in the reached corrosion and mechanical performances that made it possible to realize a satisfactory industrial deposition.
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Tianji Xing, Lixia Ying, Chunxi Wu, Zhen Fu and Guixiang Wang
The purpose of this paper is to improve binding force between the coating and the steel substrate by using chemical modification on the steel surface; at the same time, it can…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve binding force between the coating and the steel substrate by using chemical modification on the steel surface; at the same time, it can also increase the corrosion resistance of the coating.
Design/methodology/approach
The main components of the conversion film include tannic acid, sodium molybdate and silane coupling agent KH560. After the preparation was completed, the samples were tested and analyzed, including surface morphology, conversion film components, bonding force with organic resins and corrosion resistance. Finally, it drew a conclusion that the conversion film can greatly improve the bonding strength of the steel substrate and epoxy resin.
Findings
When the content of tannic acid is 4 g/L meanwhile the content of KH560 is 20 g/L, the conversion film has the strongest binding force with epoxy resin, from 2.15 Mpa of untreated steel to 4.60 Mpa, growth of 140 per cent. At the same time, the resulting conversion film also improves the corrosion resistance of the steel surface by a small margin.
Originality/value
A method of enhancing the bond between an epoxy coating and steel is provided. Verify the mechanism of this method.
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Angelina N. Kuleshova and Alysia D. Roehrig
To describe how a defined video reflection prompt for preservice mathematics teachers shaped their reflective writing, which was examined using academic reflection as a genre…
Abstract
Purpose
To describe how a defined video reflection prompt for preservice mathematics teachers shaped their reflective writing, which was examined using academic reflection as a genre model.
Methodology/approach
Academic reflection as a genre model was used to unpack the reflective processes evident in preservice teachers’ written reflections on a practicum teaching experience in the context of a methods course assignment, prior to any formal instruction about reflective genre. This chapter examines how the quality of participants’ reflective writing corresponded with two promising products of reflection – the accuracy of participants’ claims about the effectiveness of instructional tasks used during teaching and the quality of suggested revisions to the lesson.
Findings
The findings indicate that the extent to which participants engaged with the required parts of the assignment corresponded with the accuracy of their claims about the effectiveness of instructional tasks and the quality of revisions they suggested to the lesson. The authors discuss the writing produced by the participants, providing examples from their reflections to demonstrate preservice teachers’ initial competencies in using genre.
Practical implications
Informed by the nature of writing produced by the participants, the authors extend the model of reflection as a genre and suggest how it could be used to teach preservice teachers to effectively structure reflective writing. Furthermore, the authors offer recommendations for how to define the video reflection prompt to serve as a more effective scaffold of preservice teachers’ analysis of student learning.
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Maria Della Lucia and Giovanna Segre
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of intersectoriality within the cultural, creative and tourism industries in Italian local development.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of intersectoriality within the cultural, creative and tourism industries in Italian local development.
Design/methodology/approach
The research design builds on the literature on culture-led development and adapts the established body of empirical research on industrial districts to tourism and cultural development. The quantitative analysis of intersectoral specialization and the clustering of cultural, creative and tourism industries in Italian local labour systems (LLSs) combines specialization indexes with principal component analysis and cluster analysis.
Findings
About 50 per cent of Italian LLSs specialize in the economy of culture and tourism, mostly in material culture, although tourism has the highest level of specialization. There are three main patterns of agglomeration and clustering. The largest cluster is that of the cultural heritage and content and information industries, which coincides with the systems of medium-sized and large cities, followed by systems of tourism monoculture. The smallest is made up of material culture, typically made-in-Italy sectors. The tourism and material culture industries are monocultures – where tourism agglomerates, but material culture does not.
Research limitations/implications
The analytical approach is quantitative and based on Istat’s Industry and Trade (2012) data set. Further studies are needed on the interaction between agglomerated specialized industries.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the theoretical and political debate on the value generation and innovation potential of culture and creativity, and bridges the knowledge domains of local development and managerial studies. Novel statistical evidence on intersectoral specialization and the clustering of the cultural, creative and tourism sectors in Italy at the inter-municipal level is provided. This study helps to identify an Italian model of the economy of culture and tourism.
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Fabio Santagata, Jianwen Sun, Elina Iervolino, Hongyu Yu, Fei Wang, Guoqi Zhang, P.M. Sarro and Guoyi Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a novel 3D system-in-package (SiP) approach. This new packaging approach is based on stacked silicon submount technology. As…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a novel 3D system-in-package (SiP) approach. This new packaging approach is based on stacked silicon submount technology. As demonstrators, a smart lighting module and a sensor systems were successfully developed by using the fabrication and assembly process described in this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
The stacked module consists of multiple layers of silicon submounts which can be designed and fabricated in parallel. The 3D stacking design offers higher silicon efficiency and miniaturized package form factor. This platform consists of silicon submount design and fabrication, module packaging, system assembling and testing and analyzing.
Findings
In this paper, a smart light emitting diode system and sensor system will be described based on stacked silicon submount and 3D SiP technology. The integrated smart lighting module meets the optical requirements of general lighting applications. The developed SiP design is also implemented into the miniaturization of particular matter sensors and gas sensor detection system.
Originality/value
SiP has great potential of integrating multiple components into a single compact package, which has potential implementation in intelligent applications.
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Tanya Christ, Poonam Arya and Ming Ming Chiu
This chapter explores whether, and how, video reflections used across three contexts in teacher education (video case-study reflections, self-reflections, and Collaborative Peer…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter explores whether, and how, video reflections used across three contexts in teacher education (video case-study reflections, self-reflections, and Collaborative Peer Video Analysis reflections) result in teachers’ greater depth and breadth of reflective ideas about literacy assessment practices as compared to their reflections in just one context.
Methodology/approach
This qualitative case study of 18 teachers tracks their reflective content over time, and uses emergent coding and constant comparative methods to identify patterns in the breadth and depth of teachers’ reflections across three contexts: video case studies, self-reflections, and Collaborative Peer Video Analysis.
Findings
Teachers demonstrate greater depth and breadth of reflection across the three contexts, as compared to any one context. Three patterns were identified that describe how teachers develop depth of reflection across these contexts: identifying problems, shifting learning, and transferring learning to novel contexts. Two patterns were identified that describe how breadth of reflection occurred across these contexts: broad array of ideas for a specific topic and a broad range of topics.
Practical implications
Teacher educators can use a three-pronged approach to video reflection to promote depth and breadth of teachers’ reflections. Opportunities should also be provided across time, and prompts should be provided for guiding reflection to support breadth and depth of teachers’ analyses.