Qiongwei Ye and Baojun Ma
Internet + and Electronic Business in China is a comprehensive resource that provides insight and analysis into E-commerce in China and how it has revolutionized and continues to…
Abstract
Internet + and Electronic Business in China is a comprehensive resource that provides insight and analysis into E-commerce in China and how it has revolutionized and continues to revolutionize business and society. Split into four distinct sections, the book first lays out the theoretical foundations and fundamental concepts of E-Business before moving on to look at internet+ innovation models and their applications in different industries such as agriculture, finance and commerce. The book then provides a comprehensive analysis of E-business platforms and their applications in China before finishing with four comprehensive case studies of major E-business projects, providing readers with successful examples of implementing E-Business entrepreneurship projects.
Internet + and Electronic Business in China is a comprehensive resource that provides insights and analysis into how E-commerce has revolutionized and continues to revolutionize business and society in China.
Lakshmi Ramarajan, Katerina Bezrukova, Karen A. Jehn, Martin Euwema and Nicolien Kop
To examine the effect of negotiation training and conflict management styles on the relations between third‐party actors involved in international peacekeeping situations, we…
Abstract
To examine the effect of negotiation training and conflict management styles on the relations between third‐party actors involved in international peacekeeping situations, we analyze data from a sample of Dutch military peacekeepers on missions between 1995 and 1999 (N = 850). We predict and find, contrary to the traditional “contact hypothesis” (Allport, 1954), that peacekeepers' contact with Non‐Governmental Organization (NGO) workers was positively associated with conflict between them, and this increased if the peacekeeper possessed an avoiding conflict management style. When sufficiently trained in negotiations, peacekeepers who had intensive contact with NGO personnel and possessed a dominating conflict management style were less likely to become personally involved in conflicts with NGO workers. Implications for conflict management and training are discussed.
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Purpose and need for study: This chapter analyses the leading industries in the new European Union (EU) member states, focusing on automotive, information technology (IT)…
Abstract
Purpose and need for study: This chapter analyses the leading industries in the new European Union (EU) member states, focusing on automotive, information technology (IT), aerospace, textiles, machinery, chemicals, renewable energy, and food and beverages. It compares the 13 new EU countries that joined in 2004, 2007, and 2013, considering factors like industrial diversity, infrastructure, workforce skills, national economic policies, and geographical position. The aim is to enhance the EU’s industrial competitiveness and contribute to overall prosperity and social cohesion.
Methodology: The methodological instruments used in this chapter include literature review, EU documents search, historical analysis, comparative study, data handling, and interpretation.
Findings: A careful look at the top industries of the new EU states and their capacity to increase the EU export potential shows the need for the following measures: digitalisation (growing e-commerce, digital marketing, and data analytics to meet global market demand), the monitoring of geopolitical factors and dynamics of the internal market, the expansion of external economic relations, and the reduction of barriers in global trade. This study finds that the new EU members confronted several challenges and deficiencies over the years, which are highlighted (e.g. outdated infrastructure, skilled labour shortage, environmental issues, bureaucratic hurdles, and lack of transparency in certain areas), along with the associated solutions and initiatives meant to remedy them.
Practical implications: This study derives important practical implications linked to new business opportunities, investment decisions, infrastructure improvement, skills development, and educational policies.
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This paper aims to give a survey of incoming inspection of raw materials—an integral part of Quality Assurance in the printed circuit industry—describing some test methods and…
Abstract
This paper aims to give a survey of incoming inspection of raw materials—an integral part of Quality Assurance in the printed circuit industry—describing some test methods and parameters for testing primary materials.
Annukka Näyhä, Päivi Pelli and Lauri Hetemäki
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide a synthesis of how services are understood, how they are likely to develop and how future development can be studied more…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide a synthesis of how services are understood, how they are likely to develop and how future development can be studied more closely in the forest-based sector (FBS). Services are likely to have an increasing role in the FBS in the future.
Design/methodology/approach
The findings are based on a literature review of FBS outlook studies, strategies and programs and services-related studies in FBS and general services literature. Three case examples of services businesses in FBS companies are presented, and possible foresight approaches related to them are discussed. Foresight methods used in parallel sectors are also discussed.
Findings
The study provides the first systematic introduction, classification and review of FBS services to include both industry- and non-industry-related services. The paper also points out the need for foresight studies and suggests various approaches for an analysis of the potential of FBS services in the future bioeconomy.
Practical implications
The study shows that the role of services in FBS research has been understood too narrowly. As a result, services research has been rather lacking and the future potential of services in the FBS has not been fully acknowledged. The study argues for and points toward the need to use foresight approaches to update FBS strategies, business models and policies to fully benefit from the future potential of services.
Originality/value
The study is a novel introduction, review and discussion of the role of services in the FBS and their future outlook.
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The printed circuit board version, ‘packlayer’, represents an alternative to printed circuit boards with conventional solder mask systems which is not yet widely known. This…
Abstract
The printed circuit board version, ‘packlayer’, represents an alternative to printed circuit boards with conventional solder mask systems which is not yet widely known. This alternative type does, however, offer some considerable advantages in comparison with printed circuit boards with solder resist, with the result that the higher cost involved is thoroughly acceptable. Through the development of a new system called ‘Low‐Cost‐Packlayer’, bearing the special name MeSoMask, a variant has emerged within the packlayer sector. This special version combines the advantages of the packlayer with the costs of a conventional solder resist system and therefore presents a genuine alternative to the normal printed circuit board.
The Annual Fall Symposium took place on 11–12 November, 1985, at the Marriott‐LAX Hotel, Los Angeles, focusing on the theme: ‘PC Technology: Materials, Processes and Requirements…
This research examines the direct and interactive effects of defendant race and sex on judicial decisions to utilize mitigating departures in cases involving felony drug…
Abstract
Purpose
This research examines the direct and interactive effects of defendant race and sex on judicial decisions to utilize mitigating departures in cases involving felony drug convictions in Virginia.
Methodology/approach
Logistic regression models are used to examine judicial decisions to depart downward in Schedule I & II, and Other (Schedule III, VI, and V), drug cases. The direct and interactive effects of race and sex on departure decisions are modeled separately for Schedule I & II and Other drug offenses.
Findings
Defendant race and sex exert both direct and interactive effects on decisions to sentence offenders below the guidelines for both drug categories. Cases involving Black and male defendants, relative to white and female defendants, are significantly less likely to result in mitigating departures for Schedule I & II, and Other drug, violations. The interaction models indicate that cases involving Black male defendants are less likely to result in mitigating departures than other cases, while cases involving white females have higher odds of receiving mitigating departures than other cases.
Originality/value
This chapter adds to the current literature on sentencing disparity by examining unwarranted sentencing disparity in Virginia, where scant research has been conducted. Furthermore, this research models decisions separately by drug category and examines both the direct and interactive effects of race and sex.
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Joseph J. Wojtkowiak and Howard S. Bender
The phosphatability of a steel surface and, hence, the corrosion protection achieved is related to the quality of that steel surface. It is the intent of this paper to determine…
Abstract
The phosphatability of a steel surface and, hence, the corrosion protection achieved is related to the quality of that steel surface. It is the intent of this paper to determine what parameters of the steel surface influence phosphatability. This was done by examining the influence of steel surface roughness and contamination on zinc phosphate coating quality, and by determining the relationship of phosphate coating weight and density to the corrosion resistance of painted steel. A high correlation was found between the amount of corrosion creepback of phosphatized and painted steel substrates and the amount of organic carbon present on the surface of the steel. The carbon, analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy, average approximately 50A in depth and is not removed by phosphate precleaning operations. The carbon inhibits the formation and development of phosphate coatings which are required to provide satisfactory corrosion resistance.
Monika Martišková and Katarína Lukáčová
The automotive industry in Slovakia underwent a steep development pathway during the last 20 years, mostly thanks to the inflow of foreign direct investments, resulting in…
Abstract
The automotive industry in Slovakia underwent a steep development pathway during the last 20 years, mostly thanks to the inflow of foreign direct investments, resulting in increasing production outputs, exports, and employment. In this chapter, we highlight the limits of this growth, pointing out on production function of the industry heavily based on foreign capital. Under the current challenges of production digitalization, automatization, and car electrification, the position of the country seems uncertain. As a response, the government of Slovakia, but also others in the region, embarked on supporting new wave of foreign direct investments mostly in battery production and in the case of Slovakia also attracting a fifth car manufacturer. We conclude that this strategy fixes the current dependency on foreign capital and know-how rather than allows for upgrading.