Much has been written about the nature of change and its effects on human individuals and organisations. It is clear that simply maintaining the organisational status quo is…
Abstract
Much has been written about the nature of change and its effects on human individuals and organisations. It is clear that simply maintaining the organisational status quo is tantamount to slipping backwards if there are dynamic changes occurring in the general business environment.
De façon générale, le tourisme prend de plus en plus de place dans l'activité économique moderne. L'augmentation du bien‐être, les lois sociales, le goût du dépaysement et des…
Abstract
De façon générale, le tourisme prend de plus en plus de place dans l'activité économique moderne. L'augmentation du bien‐être, les lois sociales, le goût du dépaysement et des voyages, facteurs parmi d'autres, ont tendance à accroître le nombre et la durée des voyages ainsi que des séjours de vacances ou de cures. D'autre part, les économistes et les gouvernements considèrent de plus en plus le tourisme comme une source d'amélioration du revenu pour leurs pays, et, à l'intérieur de chaque pays, pour certaines régions.
L'objet de cet article est de ramener les regards sur le fait touristique et sur les circonstances qui l'entourent. Celles‐ci sont très diverses. Il en est qui intéressent…
Abstract
L'objet de cet article est de ramener les regards sur le fait touristique et sur les circonstances qui l'entourent. Celles‐ci sont très diverses. Il en est qui intéressent l'histoire diplomatique des Etats (telle la tension entre le Gouvernement français et les vallées d'Andorre dans l'été 1953, agissant négativement sur la fréquentation touristique estivale de ce coin des Pyrénées). D'autres sont en relation avec des faits d'actualité politique (la crise de Trieste en novembre 1953 a rempli les hôtels de Viareggio de touristes américains). Une mesure administrative (l'avancement des dates de vacances scolaires en France de 15 jours en 1953) se répercute sur le chiffre d'affaires des hôteliers bretons. Le progrès technique est partout décisif: l'ouverture d'une route pour aller, en Suisse, de Viège à Saas‐Fee change radicalement l'équation touristique de cette station. Quelque fois le tourisme repousse le tourisme: la création de services touristes aériens entre Paris et la Scandinavie porte tort aux services de première classe et conduit la compagnie aérienne à les rétablir (octobre 1953).
Jingyu Gao, Anna M. Rose, Ikseon Suh and Min Zhang
We employ an experiment with experienced Chinese auditors to examine how family firm structures influence auditors' reliance on management's explanations for evidence and their…
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We employ an experiment with experienced Chinese auditors to examine how family firm structures influence auditors' reliance on management's explanations for evidence and their assessments of fraud risk. Our findings indicate that for firms with family ownership, high levels of family managerial control cause auditors to rely less on management's explanations and assess higher levels of fraud risk when a firm's control environment is strong. However, when the control environment is weak, auditors' judgments are not influenced by family firm structure.
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Dalal Alrubaishi, Helen Haugh, Paul Robson, Rachel Doern and William J. Wales
This study investigates the impact of socioemotional wealth (SEW) on family firm entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in Saudi Arabia, and the moderating effect of generational…
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This study investigates the impact of socioemotional wealth (SEW) on family firm entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in Saudi Arabia, and the moderating effect of generational involvement on this relationship. Our data set comprises 241 privately, wholly owned family firms. We examine EO as a strategic orientation expressed in terms of both firm behavior and how managers approach risk-taking attitudinally. Our study finds that SEW is positively related to firms’ entrepreneurial behavior, but not managerial attitudes toward risk-taking. However, the positive effects of SEW on firms’ entrepreneurial behavior diminish as the number of generations involved in the family business increases. The broader implications for enabling entrepreneurship within Arab transforming economies adhering to strong cultural tribalistic norms are discussed.
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Stéphane Héas and Patrice Régnier
Nowadays, several processes help organize scholarly work about sport and physical activities in France. These include professional development activities of sport and leisure…
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Nowadays, several processes help organize scholarly work about sport and physical activities in France. These include professional development activities of sport and leisure organizations; cultural innovations within sports and physical activities, which involve new spaces with new technologies; questions of public health; and questions of inclusion for marginal groups such as handicapped persons. Questions of power are important to understand each sport situation and each sport sociocultural, economic, and ecologic system. Behind the political and institutional instrumentalization of sport, the reality of social and cultural changes is rarely clear. Strong social, cultural, and economic forces continue to govern sports and seem to be more and more prominent. When sport scandals emerge, the media reveal the case, notably but not exclusively in the context of commercial interests. The possibility for a caring and respectful physical education experience and to improve inclusion for all (Gardou, C. (2012). La société inclusive, parlons-en! Toulouse: Erès) seems like an uphill battle.
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Claire Silvant and Clément Coste
The year 1848 is considered by historians as a political and economic turning point in France: a major political crisis took place in the form of the February Revolution…
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The year 1848 is considered by historians as a political and economic turning point in France: a major political crisis took place in the form of the February Revolution, accompanied by extensive financial troubles for the French government. The economists of that time actively debated the economic causes and consequences of the crisis. This chapter is devoted to the analysis of these financial controversies in French economic thought around 1848. If the political and philosophical debates of 1848 between the liberals and the socialists are quite well known by historians of economic thought, their financial side has been relatively neglected. According to the authors of this chapter, it is nevertheless of great interest to examine the liberal and socialist ideas of that time. This chapter aims to investigate this little-studied question by raising three main issues: the first one consists of presenting the different diagnoses of the 1848 financial crisis from socialist and liberal viewpoints. Second, it proposes an analysis of the content of theoretical controversies about ways to overcome the financial troubles, particularly regarding the trade-off between taxation and debt. Lastly, it emphasizes the role of this period for the subsequent constitution of a financial orthodoxy in France.
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Hervé Stolowy and Gaétan Breton
Accounts manipulation has been the subject of research, discussion and even controversy in several countries including the USA, Canada, the U.K., Australia, Finland and France…
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Accounts manipulation has been the subject of research, discussion and even controversy in several countries including the USA, Canada, the U.K., Australia, Finland and France. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and propose a conceptual framework for accounts manipulation. This framework is based on the possibility of wealth transfer between the different stake‐holders, and in practice, the target of the manipulation appears generally to be the earnings per share and the debt/equity ratio. The paper also describes the different actors involved and their potential gains and losses. We review the literature on the various techniques of accounts manipulation: earnings management, income smoothing, big bath accounting, creative accounting, and window‐dressing. The various definitions of all these, the main motivations behind their application and the research methodologies used are all examined. This study reveals that all the above techniques have common elements, but there are also important differences between them.
Olof Brunninge and Anders Melander
In this chapter, we explore the impact of socioemotional and financial wealth on the resource management of family firms. We use MoDo, a Swedish pulp and paper firm, covering…
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In this chapter, we explore the impact of socioemotional and financial wealth on the resource management of family firms. We use MoDo, a Swedish pulp and paper firm, covering three generations of owner-managers from 1873 to 1991, to grasp the shifting emphases on socioemotional and financial wealth in the management of the company. Identifying four strategic issues of decisive importance for the development of MoDo, we analyze the organizational values that guided the management of these issues. We propose that financial and socioemotional wealth stand for two different rationalities that infuse organizational values. The MoDo case illustrates how these rationalities go hand in hand for extended periods of time, safeguarding both financial success and socioemotional endowments. However, in a situation where the rationalities are no longer in line with the development of the industry context, the conflict arising between the two rationalities may have fatal consequences for the firm in question.