Tests have been carried out on lead/platinum bielectrodes in sea‐water at 50 A/ft2 for one year to determine the effect of lead alloy compositions on the growth of the lead…
Abstract
Tests have been carried out on lead/platinum bielectrodes in sea‐water at 50 A/ft2 for one year to determine the effect of lead alloy compositions on the growth of the lead peroxide. The results indicate that small additions of tellurium or bismuth to a 1 % Ag/Pb alloy are effective in reducing the formation of lead peroxide. Lead/platinum bi‐eleetrodes of suitable lead‐alloy composition, are considered to provide an inexpensive anode material for power‐impressed cathodic protection systems for marine applications.
Last month the author discussed platinum anodes using inert supports such as plastic and ceramic, common metal supports such as copper, and supports with passivating metal such as…
Abstract
Last month the author discussed platinum anodes using inert supports such as plastic and ceramic, common metal supports such as copper, and supports with passivating metal such as titanium or platinum. This concluding section discusses applications and operation. It is concluded that only two types of supported platinum electrode can be recommended at present—a platinum‐palladium foil anode with a plastic mount and platinised titanium.
The corrosion behaviour of lead and its alloys in sea‐water is of great commercial interest in view of the considerable use of submerged telecommunications cables and the growing…
Abstract
The corrosion behaviour of lead and its alloys in sea‐water is of great commercial interest in view of the considerable use of submerged telecommunications cables and the growing use of lead anodes for cathodic protection of marine structures. This article is concerned with the corrosion of lead in sea‐water and saline solutions and with the anodic behaviour of lead in chloride solutions.
THE APPLICATION of cathodic protection to marine structures, using both galvanic and impressed current systems, is a well‐established technique for reducing or preventing…
Abstract
THE APPLICATION of cathodic protection to marine structures, using both galvanic and impressed current systems, is a well‐established technique for reducing or preventing corrosion. It has been shown, for example, that a galvanic system applied to US Navy destroyers reduced maintenance costs by $10,000– $20,000 per ship per overhaul, and it is likely that impressed current systems will effect greater savings. Lead alloy anodes, or lead‐platinum bi‐electrodes, are being increasingly used for marine cathodic protection systems since they not only have a greater robustness than platinum or graphite anodes (and a greater coulometric efficiency than graphite) as well as lower consumption rates. The long life and ease of installation of lead alloy anodes, together with their high current carrying capacity, are strong reasons for their use.
BUILDING WITH ALUMINIUM. For over 60 years satisfactory service has been achieved in the building industry with aluminium components. Success has been apparent when the correct…
Abstract
BUILDING WITH ALUMINIUM. For over 60 years satisfactory service has been achieved in the building industry with aluminium components. Success has been apparent when the correct alloy has been correctly applied. However, examples of corrosion failure generally attract more attention than the smooth success stories. Such an example is embodied in a circular sent out last month by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to local authorities concerning corrosion in certain types of aluminium bungalows. The circular follows an investigation by the Ministry and the Building Research Station.
The increasing use of platinum — containing anodes in cathodic protection and the discussions which took place at the recent International Congress on Metallic Corrosion in…
Abstract
The increasing use of platinum — containing anodes in cathodic protection and the discussions which took place at the recent International Congress on Metallic Corrosion in London, make this subject of topical interest. In this review paper the author provides a balanced overall picture of the various applications in this field. The development, advantages and limitations are described of three types of support for a thin layer of the metal, as well as an alternative use of platinum in the platinum‐lead bi‐electrode. At present only two types of platinum electrode can be widely recommended.
ANOTHER Annual Meeting has come and gone. It was scarcely to be expected that the meeting at Bradford would be a record in the number of members attending, seeing that it is only…
Abstract
ANOTHER Annual Meeting has come and gone. It was scarcely to be expected that the meeting at Bradford would be a record in the number of members attending, seeing that it is only three years ago since the Association met in the neighbouring city of Leeds, and that Bradford cannot boast either the historical associations or the architectural and scenic setting of many other towns. For the most part therefore the members who did attend, attended because they were interested in the serious rather than the entertainment or excursion side of the gathering, which was so far perhaps to the advantage of the meetings and discussions. Nevertheless, the actual number of those present—about two hundred—was quite satisfactory, and none, we are assured, even if the local functions were the main or an equal element of attraction, could possibly have regretted their visit to the metropolis of the worsted trade. Fortunately the weather was all that could be desired, and under the bright sunshine Bradford looked its best, many members, who expected doubtless to find a grey, depressing city of factories, being pleasingly disappointed with the fine views and width of open and green country quite close at hand.
IT is fitting that now and again stock should be taken of the present state of the Library Profession as compared with its past, and such an occasion as the commencement of the…
Abstract
IT is fitting that now and again stock should be taken of the present state of the Library Profession as compared with its past, and such an occasion as the commencement of the tenth year of the Library World is as appropriate as any other.
OF old the public library was wont to take its reputation from the character of the newsroom. That room, as everyone knows, attracts every element in the community and it may be…
Abstract
OF old the public library was wont to take its reputation from the character of the newsroom. That room, as everyone knows, attracts every element in the community and it may be it attracts especially the poorer elements;—even at times undesirable ones. These people in some towns, but perhaps not so often now‐a‐days, have been unwashen and often not very attractive in appearance. It was natural, things being as they are, that the room should give a certain tone to the institution, and indeed on occasion cause it to be avoided by those who thought themselves to be superior. The whole level of living has altered, and we think has been raised, since the War. There is poverty and depression in parts of the country, it is true; but there are relief measures now which did not exist before the War. Only those who remember the grinding poverty of the unemployed in the days, especially the winter days, before the War can realise what poverty really means at its worst. This democratic levelling up applies, of course, to the public library as much as to any institution. At present it may be said that the part of the library which is most apparent to the public and by which it is usually judged, is the lending or home‐reading department. It therefore needs no apology if from time to time we give special attention to this department. Even in the great cities, which have always concentrated their chief attention upon their reference library, to‐day there is an attempt to supply a lending library service of adequate character. We recall, for example, that the Leeds Public Library of old was first and foremost a reference library, with a lending library attached; to‐day the lending library is one of the busiest in the kingdom. A similar judgment can be passed upon Sheffield, where quite deliberately the city librarian would restrict the reference library to works that are of real reference character, and would develop more fully the lending library. In Manchester, too, the new “Reference Library”—properly the new Central Library—has a lending library which issues about 1,500 volumes daily. There must be all over the country many libraries issuing up to a thousand volumes each a day from their central lending departments. This being the case the department comes in for very careful scrutiny.
EVERYONE interested in the British library movement will learn with sorrow and regret that one of its greatest friends and strongest champions has passed away, in the person of…
Abstract
EVERYONE interested in the British library movement will learn with sorrow and regret that one of its greatest friends and strongest champions has passed away, in the person of Thomas Greenwood, the kind‐hearted and generous advocate of libraries, who won the respect and regard of every English libiarian. From one of his own periodicals the following particulars are abstracted:—