The British East India Company (EIC) made connections between the Malay Archipelago and Bengal and established a penal settlement at Bencoolen, followed by the Straits Settlements…
Abstract
Purpose
The British East India Company (EIC) made connections between the Malay Archipelago and Bengal and established a penal settlement at Bencoolen, followed by the Straits Settlements for the Indian convicts. The convicts from different parts of South Asia today were generally described as “Indian”, such generalisation often hides the identity of specific convicts from South Asia. Among the Indian convicts, the Bengalis were transported to Bencoolen and the Straits Settlements. However, the generic term has made it difficult to reconstruct the history of Bengali convicts’ experiences and pathos. Therefore, this paper attempts to “rediscover” the afterlife of transportation of Bengali felons in the Malay Peninsula.
Design/methodology/approach
By examining a range of archival records and current scholarships, this article shows the inclusivity, diversity and accessibility of convict labourers with mainstream society. This study will open up a new avenue of convict histories and subaltern studies on Asia.
Findings
The Bengali convicts in the Straits Settlements, one of the oldest migrant sections, have largely been ignored in historical literature. Though the Bengalis, among other South Asian convicts, constituted a significant portion, they were categorised under the generic term “Indian” (Rai, 2014). Their manual labour was invaluable for the colonial economy and the development of the Straits Settlements.
Research limitations/implications
Researcher faced difficulties to get the descendant of Bengali convicts.
Originality/value
This article is a research paper based on mostly archival records; therefore, it is an original contribution to the existing knowledge on the convict history.
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Metal sprayed coatings, mainly zinc, are used within the CEGB for important steel structures requiring maintenance‐free protection. To the author's knowledge the very few failures…
Abstract
Metal sprayed coatings, mainly zinc, are used within the CEGB for important steel structures requiring maintenance‐free protection. To the author's knowledge the very few failures experienced have been obviously linked to a very poor, or even non‐existent, standard of surface preparation. For example, areas of intact millscale were found beneath the metal coating.
Any suggestion that the use of instruments in the inspection of painting and its allied operation of surface preparation is a substitute for the visual and critical inspection…
Abstract
Any suggestion that the use of instruments in the inspection of painting and its allied operation of surface preparation is a substitute for the visual and critical inspection carried out by an inspector experienced in the work involved would be a serious disservice to the quality control of painting. Broadly speaking, the experienced inspector knows the problems associated with achieving a predetermined result, he knows how the operator may react to problems of access and other difficulties and is familiar with the short cuts that are sometimes taken. He can, by concentrating his attention on these higher risk areas, do much to prevent bad work and to eliminate the premature breakdown which too frequently mars the finished job. As each successive operation will tend to obscure any faults in the work already done, it is only when the inspector is at hand to see the work actually in progress, and at the completion of each stage, that a sufficiently high degree of security is achieved. This said, it must be added that it is only in conjunction with the use of instruments that the quality of the work can be correctly assessed. In fact the case for the introduction of instrumentation into painting quality control is particularly strong. But great care is required in the interpretation of individual measurements. Many of the tests for physical properties of the dry paint film are empirical, and need to be carried out under controlled conditions if reproducible results are to be obtained.
This work aimed to study the effect of environment resistivity and distance between cathode and anode on the required cathodic protection current density of buried carbon steel…
Abstract
Purpose
This work aimed to study the effect of environment resistivity and distance between cathode and anode on the required cathodic protection current density of buried carbon steel pipes and determine the impressed current that gives full protection to bare and coated pipes by two different coatings.
Design/methodology/approach
The experimental apparatus is an electrochemical cell composed of carbon steel pipe of 10 cm in length as a working electrode in addition to reference and auxiliary electrodes and direct current power supply. The cathodic protection tests were carried out in five solutions of different concentrations of sodium chloride and distilled water with different resistivities.
Findings
It was found that the cathodic protection current density increased with a decrease in environment resistivity and increase in the distance between cathode and anode. Additionally, the cathodic protection current density of coated pipes by two different polymers increased with a decrease in the environment resistivity and increasing number of coating defects.
Originality/value
icp = D/A + B?2, where: icp = cathodic protection current density; D = distance between anode and cathode; ? = environment resistivity; A = constant (0.2104); and B = constant (0.864 × 10−6).
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D. de la Fuente, B. Chico and M. Morcillo
The presence of soluble salts, especially chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface usually causes premature deterioration of the paint system. In practice, soluble…
Abstract
The presence of soluble salts, especially chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface usually causes premature deterioration of the paint system. In practice, soluble salts are found heterogeneously distributed in the steel corrosion products layer and are frequently located at the base steel/rust layer interface. However, in most of the research studies carried out with the aim of establishing critical concentration levels for different paint systems, panels have been prepared by dosing the saline contaminant in an uniform way across flat and unrusted steel surfaces. In order to resolve this problem, an attempt has been made to reproduce the atmospheric corrosion process of steel in environments contaminated with SO2 and Cl−, using a salt fog cabinet for the case of chlorides, and a Kesternich type cabinet for sulphates.
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Sandra Seno-Alday and Amanda Budde-Sung
This paper aims to explore the impact of differences in educational traditions on conventions of teaching and learning, and on the measurement of learning outcomes. These are…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the impact of differences in educational traditions on conventions of teaching and learning, and on the measurement of learning outcomes. These are critical issues within the context of business schools that are steeped in one dominant tradition but have a large population of international students previously educated in other traditions. The paper argues that international students face the challenge of satisfactorily demonstrating learning according to foreign conventions that are different from what they would have been accustomed to within the framework of their home educational tradition.
Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on a bilingual literature review to capture differences in educational traditions between Australia and China. It then uses logistic regression to analyze the performance of 800 domestic and international Chinese students across a range of different assessment formats at a large Australian business school.
Findings
The study finds statistically significant differences in the performance of these two student groups on different assessment types. It concludes that the conventions on approaches to the assessment of learning shaped by a specific educational tradition can hamper the effective demonstration of learning among students from other educational traditions.
Originality/value
The paper focuses on issues related to the assessment of learning in multicultural higher education contexts, which has received less attention in the literature compared to issues on teaching approaches in multicultural contexts. The paper also highlights important implications on the validity of the measurement of learning outcomes and on the subsequent impact on graduate recruitment.
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Hongze Yang, Zeyu Peng, Xitong Guo and Kee-Hung Lai
The purpose of this study is to identify patient experience unique to online pharmacy services (OPS) based on the characteristics of OPS (i.e. interactivity and virtuality) and to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify patient experience unique to online pharmacy services (OPS) based on the characteristics of OPS (i.e. interactivity and virtuality) and to reveal how patient experience is derived from OPS and thereby enhances patient adherence from both online social support and patient experience perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
The Stimulus-Organism-Response framework was used to conceptualize this study; both primary and secondary data for 296 validated participants were collected on a real OPS platform. A structural equation modeling approach combined with partial least squares was employed for the quantitative analysis.
Findings
Social presence and user engagement can be identified as patient experience in the OPS context; online emotional support has a stronger association with patients' social presence than it does with patients' user engagement; patients' social presence has a stronger association with their medication adherence than it does with diet adherence, while patients' user engagement has a stronger association with their diet adherence than it does with medication adherence; patients' medication knowledge negatively moderates the relationship between user engagement and diet adherence.
Originality/value
This study identifies patient experience in accordance with unique characteristics of OPS, and it reveals the nuanced underlying mechanisms by which online social support is associated with patient experience and by which patients' experience is associated with their adherence. This study enriches the literature on patient adherence, patient experience and OPS, providing insights for healthcare providers, OPS designers and policymakers.
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Daniele Binci, Gabriele Palozzi and Francesco Scafarto
Digital transformation (DT) is a priority for the healthcare sector. In many countries, it is still considered in the early stages with an underestimation of its benefits and…
Abstract
Purpose
Digital transformation (DT) is a priority for the healthcare sector. In many countries, it is still considered in the early stages with an underestimation of its benefits and potentiality. Especially in Italy, little is known about the impact of digitalization – particularly of the Internet of Things (IoT) – on the healthcare sector, for example, in terms of clinician's jobs and patient's experience. Drawing from such premises, the paper aims to focus on an overlooked healthcare area related to the chronic heart diseases field and its relationship with DT. The authors aim at exploring and framing the main variables of remote Monitoring (RM) adoption as a specific archetype of healthcare digitalization, both on patients and medical staff level, by shedding some lights on its overall implementation.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors empirically inquiry the RM adoption within the context of the Cardiology Department of the Casilino General Hospital of Rome. To answer our research question, the authors reconstruct the salient information by using induction-type reasoning, direct observation and interviewees with 12 key informants, as well as secondary sources analysis related to the hospital (internal documentation, presentations and technical reports).
Findings
According to a socio-technical framework, the authors build a model composed of five main variables related to medical staff and patients. The authors classify such variables into an input-process-output (I-P-O) model. RM adoption driver represents the input; cultural digital divide, structure flexibility and reaction to change serve the process and finally, RM outcome stands for the output. All these factors, interacting together, contribute to understanding the RM adoption process for chronic disease management.
Research limitations/implications
The authors' research presents two main limitations. The first one is related to using a qualitative method, which is less reliable in terms of replication and the interpretive role of researchers. The second limitation, connected to the first one, is related to the study's scale level, which focuses on a mono-centric consistent level of analysis.
Practical implications
The paper offers a clear understanding of the RM attributes and a comprehensive view for improving the overall quality management of chronic diseases by suggesting that clinicians carefully evaluate both hard and soft variables when undertaking RM adoption decisions.
Social implications
RM technologies could impact on society both in ordinary situations, by preventing patient mobility issues and transport costs, and in extraordinary times (such as a pandemic), where telemedicine contributes to supporting hospitals in swapping in-person visits with remote controls, in order to minimize the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contagion or the spread of the virus.
Originality/value
The study enriches the knowledge and understanding of RM adoption within the healthcare sector. From a theoretical perspective, the authors contribute to the healthcare DT adoption debate by focusing on the main variables contributing to the DT process by considering both medical staff and patient's role. From a managerial perspective, the authors highlight the main issues for RM of chronic disease management to enable the transition toward its adoption. Such issues range from the need for awareness of the medical staff about RM advantages to the need for adapting the organizational structure and the training and education process of the patients.
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Shaheema Hameed and Abhinav Nigam
India is a rapidly developing economy with a rapidly expending internet infrastructure and among the largest Generation Z population. This generation is tech savvy and the access…
Abstract
Purpose
India is a rapidly developing economy with a rapidly expending internet infrastructure and among the largest Generation Z population. This generation is tech savvy and the access to technology and network creates a conducive environment for such usage. Internet banking for the same reasons is growing leaps and bounds. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) has created disruptions in the traditional banking also. This paper aims to analyze the comfort level and usage of AI-enabled banking services by Generation Z.
Design/methodology/approach
The data is collected from 272 Generation Z members. The differential aspects, that is, the relationship of independent variables with dependent variables (AI-enabled internet banking), were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach.
Findings
Defining factors for AI-enabled internet banking were identified. The results of factors were consistent with previous studies. It was found that the usage of AI-enabled internet banking services is insignificant, indicating that Generation Z does not perceive any advantage in using AI-enabled internet banking services.
Research limitations/implications
This paper does not incorporate age groups other than Generation Z. Further research could throw light on the difference based on age groups. Further research is required to deeply understand why Generation Z does not perceive AI-enabled internet services as very important.
Practical implications
It has been observed that internet banking is important for Generation Z, but they also place greater importance on interpersonal communication. Banks need to consider this in designing their internet banking services.
Originality/value
This paper addresses the gap between comfort with and usage of AI-enabled internet banking services, by Generation Z. This paper indicates that the comfort with AI-enabled internet banking services does not translate to usage.
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Federico Barbagli, Kenneth Salisbury and Roman Devengenzo
This paper describes a series of kinematic and haptic analyses which lead to the design of a particularly simple, yet useful multi‐hand, multi‐finger haptic interface. The…
Abstract
This paper describes a series of kinematic and haptic analyses which lead to the design of a particularly simple, yet useful multi‐hand, multi‐finger haptic interface. The proposed device is desktop‐based and has been built with maximizing transparency in mind. By interacting with virtual environments, using two fingers per hand, users are able to grasp and manipulate virtual objects, something that current state‐of‐the‐art commercial desktop haptic devices do not allow. These additional capabilities lend themselves to more complex virtual reality and teleoperation applications such as surgical training, hand rehabilitation and nanomanipulation.