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Article
Publication date: 6 February 2017

Roger Reinsch, Raymond J. Jones, III and Randy Skalberg

The purpose of this study is to examine the choices social enterprises in the USA have about the legal formation of their business. Recently, new legal forms have been developed…

609

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the choices social enterprises in the USA have about the legal formation of their business. Recently, new legal forms have been developed in the USA to ensure social goals are legally embedded into the firm. While the development of these new alternative supports social missions, organizations should be aware of both the benefits and drawbacks, which are outlined in this paper. Additionally, we draw on the US Supreme Court’s decision in the Hobby Lobby case to illustrate how social enterprises can embed their social mission into their legal foundation using traditional legal structures, accomplishing the same purpose as the new socially oriented alternatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a detailed assessment of the social-oriented legal forms of business based on precedent set in the US Supreme Court Hobby Lobby case.

Findings

Based on precedent in the Hobby Lobby case, the authors’ view is that traditional US legal business structures can be as effective as alternative socially oriented legal forms in the US as a method to legally prevent mission drift by legally embedding social goals into the legal structure of the firm.

Practical implications

By highlighting how social enterprises can use traditional US legal business forms to ensure their social mission as part of the organizational goals, the authors provide another legal avenue, and so US-based social enterprises can continue to focus on addressing social issues without worrying about mission drift from legal pressures.

Social implications

There is quite a lot of hype surrounding the development and adoption of socially oriented legal business forms in the USA with little discussion about the actual need for these new forms. The alternative perspective by the authors informs social enterprises how they can operate within the traditional US legal system while still focusing on their social mission.

Originality/value

The authors are one of the first to argue, based on precedent in the Hobby Lobby case, that US social enterprises need to critically examine which type of legal form is right for their business and what will offer them most benefit to their social mission in the long run.

Details

Social Enterprise Journal, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-8614

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Article
Publication date: 24 September 2019

Christopher J. Shanahan, Roger D. Gibb, Johnson W. McRorie, Jose M. Brum and Mary E. Ritchey

Numerous randomized clinical studies have shown that psyllium fiber lowers serum cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia and is thus recognized by the US Food and Drug…

177

Abstract

Purpose

Numerous randomized clinical studies have shown that psyllium fiber lowers serum cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia and is thus recognized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a dietary fiber that may help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by lowering cholesterol. The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential economic implications for health-care cost savings and quality of life productivity gains if the cholesterol-lowering effect of psyllium, consumed daily as a fiber supplement, could be applied to a broad at-risk population.

Design/methodology/approach

A cost-benefit analysis tool was used to examine evidence that the use of psyllium as a cholesterol-lowering agent can reduce overall CHD-attributed medical care service costs in the USA among those at high risk of experiencing disease-related events.

Findings

Results of the analysis showed that the potential net annual avoided medical care service costs and annual quality of life productivity gains among US adults 45 and older with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels = 130 mg/dL could be up to an average of $870m per year from 2013 to 2020 if everyone in the target population used seven grams of soluble fiber from psyllium daily, corresponding to a net benefit-cost ratio of $1.19 savings in annual medical service cost and annual productivity gains per $1 spent on a psyllium regimen.

Originality/value

Thus, the use of psyllium fiber as a daily supplement could be recommended as a means to help control the risk for potentially costly cardiovascular-related medical events and to maximize the economic potential for an improved quality of life in adults 45 and older with LDL cholesterol levels =130 mg/dL.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science , vol. 50 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

D. Roger, E. Napieralska‐Juszczak and A. Henneton

The paper gives a new measurement method of the parameters characterising the magnetic laminations for broadband low‐level signals defined at any operational point.

894

Abstract

Purpose

The paper gives a new measurement method of the parameters characterising the magnetic laminations for broadband low‐level signals defined at any operational point.

Design/methodology/approach

High frequency phenomena machines fed by PWM inverters are related to low‐level signals corresponding to minor hysteresis loops around the instantaneous working point, which moves on the main loop at the basic frequency. The minor loops are assimilated to ellipses, which are characterised by only two parameters: the incremental magnetic permeability (μ) and the electric conductivity (σ).

Findings

For small signals high frequency field components, the laminated steel behaviour can be described by two local parameters (μ, σ) and skin effect. The values of μ and σ do not depend on frequency up to 1 MHz, but only on the operating point.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed broadband characterisation should be associated with a Priesach model that defines the operating point for computer simulation of high frequency phenomena.

Practical implications

The broadband characterisation of magnetic laminations is useful for studying the behaviour of the windings of the PWM‐fed machines.

Originality/value

Broadband measurements are now possible on small magnetic steel lamination samples.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2008

D. Thailly, R. Romary, D. Roger and J‐F. Brudny

Non‐intrusive magnetic measurements in AC machines are possible with small flat coils stuck on the external surface of the housing of a running motor. The aim of the paper…

216

Abstract

Purpose

Non‐intrusive magnetic measurements in AC machines are possible with small flat coils stuck on the external surface of the housing of a running motor. The aim of the paper consists in determining transmission coefficients able to give a direct relationship between the weak external flux density and the airgap one.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental approach shows that the decoupling principle can be applied. Transmission coefficients are determined separately for the stator yoke, the motor housing and the external air.

Findings

For low frequencies and a housing made of steel, eddy current can be neglected. The transmission coefficient depends strongly of the mode (number of poles) of the rotating field. Conversely, for higher harmonic ranks, the additional attenuation caused by eddy currents in the housing does not practically depend on the mode but is strongly dependant on the frequency.

Research limitations/implications

The transmission coefficients are determined considering a 2D electromagnetic model and several simplifying hypothesis. Experiments prove the validity of the proposed approach up to 550 Hz.

Practical implications

Up to now, many fault detection systems are based on the presence of additional harmonics in the external magnetic field spectrum. With the knowledge of simple transmission coefficients, an analysis of the variation of the magnitude of critical spectrum lines is now possible for a more precise fault detection in AC machines.

Originality/value

To the authors' knowledge, the only alternative way for the interpretation of external field measurements consist in using a numerical method with a full model of the machine which takes a lot of computation time. The proposed transmission coefficients provide a faster method valid for most of the interesting spectrum lines.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 27 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2002

Roger D.H. Warburton and Roy Stratton

The last 20 years has seen a relentless shift to offshore manufacturing as retailers chase ever‐lower labor costs. The results of this strategy can now be evaluated and we propose…

3203

Abstract

The last 20 years has seen a relentless shift to offshore manufacturing as retailers chase ever‐lower labor costs. The results of this strategy can now be evaluated and we propose that some adjustments are in order. We analyze the case of a North American apparel manufacturer (Griffin Manufacturing, Inc.) that has successfully emerged from a period of major change with a strong and strategic position in the apparel supply chain. This case study documents Griffin’s survival through evolution in capabilities, technology, and especially attitude. The Griffin case study suggests that keeping a portion of the manufacturing onshore at an agile, quick response factory is cost effective: it increases sales and improves margins. However, the new relationship between the parties is much more complex and requires commitment on both sides.

Details

Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 7 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-8546

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2018

Gertrude Nneka Onyeji and Rasaki Ajani Sanusi

The purpose of this is study is to evaluate the diet quality in nine local government areas drawn from three states of the south-east geo-political zone of Nigeria.

88

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this is study is to evaluate the diet quality in nine local government areas drawn from three states of the south-east geo-political zone of Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-stage sampling procedure yielded 1,200 women of childbearing age (15-49 years), who responded to a multi-pass 24-hour diet recall questionnaire at the household. Diet quality (DQ) was assessed using the “diet quality index international” (DQI-I) tool with a scale of 0-100.

Findings

Mean age of respondents was 28 ± 5.6 years and body mass index was 26.81 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Majorities (96 per cent) were married, 53.2 per cent had complete secondary and 18 per cent post-secondary education, 41.7 per cent were traders, 14.3 per cent civil servants and 25.8 per cent were unemployed. Main staple foods included root and tubers, cereals, legumes and vegetables. The total DQ in the South-east was 58.8 ± 8.1 with a low “variety” (9.5 ± 3.0), poor “adequacy” (22.3 ± 4.7), good “moderation” (25.0 ± 3.8) and “overall balance” (2.0 ± 1.8).The total DQ in Imo, Enugu and Anambra were 58.6 ± 8.3, 58.8 ± 8.0 and 59.0 ± 8.1, respectively (P > 0.05).

Research limitations/implications

The study was limited to three states in South-east Nigeria; it does not give a holistic view of the DQ of women of childbearing age in Nigeria.

Originality/value

The total DQ-I score revealed average overall DQ (59/100) for South-east. However, distinct patterns of low consumption of fruits and vegetables were identified. The need for national (and cross-continental) comparison of DQ using the DQI-I tool is hereby advocated.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 48 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1991

Edna Bonacich

According to Marx, capitalism leads to the alienation of people from their work, from the product of their work, and from other people (Oilman, 1976:133–4). These characteristics…

159

Abstract

According to Marx, capitalism leads to the alienation of people from their work, from the product of their work, and from other people (Oilman, 1976:133–4). These characteristics of capitalism were obvious for all to see in the late nineteenth century, as capital and labor were increasingly polarized. But in the late twentieth century, class relations have become considerably more complicated. The emergence and growth of various forms of “middle class” (Walker, 1979; Wright, 1985) make the issue of who is exploiting whom, of who benefits from the alienation of workers, unclear. In turn, the confusion in class relations has an effect on the ability to wage class struggle, as the “enemy” of the working class is difficult to define, let alone target.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 11 no. 6/7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 8 July 2024

Sijie Ni, Grégory Bauw, Raphael Romary, Bertrand Cassoret and Jean Le Besnerais

This paper aims to optimize passive damper system (PDS) design by configuring its parameters to improve its performance and behavior in permanent magnet synchronous machines…

38

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to optimize passive damper system (PDS) design by configuring its parameters to improve its performance and behavior in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM).

Design/methodology/approach

First, the principle and effectiveness of the PDS are recalled. Second, the impact of different PDS parameters on its operation is analyzed. Third, a multi-objective optimization is proposed to explore a compromise design of PDS. Finally, the transient finite element method simulation is performed to validate the optimized design, which can ensure an excellent noise reduction effect and weaker negative impacts.

Findings

A suitable capacitance value in PDS is a key to realizing the damping effect. A larger copper wire can improve the noise reduction performance of PDS and reduce its Joule losses. A compromise solution obtained from a multi-objective optimization remains the excellent noise reduction and reduces Joule losses.

Originality/value

This paper explores the impact of PDS parameters on its operation and provides an orientation of PDS optimization, which is favorable to extend its application in different electrical machines.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 43 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 20 May 2020

Haider Muthnna Almoatasm

This paper aims to scrutinize some determinants that affect the functions and roles of contemporary parliaments. In particular, such parliaments attempt to involve in new areas…

1982

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to scrutinize some determinants that affect the functions and roles of contemporary parliaments. In particular, such parliaments attempt to involve in new areas that were not represented in parliamentary study and to play new roles in the areas of development, diplomacy, the establishment of post-conflict peace rules and achieving the objectives of the sustainable development. The study found that the most important determinants affecting the new roles of contemporary parliaments are the constitutional and legal frameworks.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts three basic methodologies so as to reach some applicable scientific findings that can be generalized. The researcher has used the descriptive methodology, to shed light on the parliament’s various activities and new roles and to take note of the many surrounding factors and available dimensions that enable parliaments to perform such roles. The researcher has also used the comparative methodology, to study parliaments with a view to identifying their roles in a way that includes their similarities and dissimilarities and the possibility of generalizing the outputs.

Findings

The paper has reached many findings, the most important of which are: first, the need to present appropriate amendments to the constitutions to give space to parliaments to play more effective and influential roles. Second, the internal regulations of parliaments must be in line with the attitudes and aspirations of the parliament and its members, giving appropriate cover for playing new roles in various areas.

Research limitations/implications

This study has found that contemporary parliaments can play new roles in various fields, whether internal or external and in different sectors as well, as a result of the great developments and complexities introduced around the world. Such developments and complexities have cast a shadow on governments and affected their abilities in dealing with the issues immediately because of the enormous challenges in addition to the ongoing developments occurring to the legislative systems in the world, at the technical level of the departments and secretariats of contemporary parliaments or for members of Parliament and the institution as a whole.

Practical implications

The new roles of contemporary parliaments have been affected by the determinants of the research, which are the constitutional framework, the legislative framework, the relationship between Parliament and civil society and the relationship between Parliament and the government. These factors cast a shadow over the expansion or contraction of the attempts of modern parliaments to play new roles.

Social implications

This study has found that contemporary parliaments can play social roles in various fields of a social nature, which is find solutions to the problems experienced by societies emerging from civil wars, which need national reconciliation, for example, the reconciliation of the ethnic tribes carried out by the Iraqi council of representatives between the local tribes to resolve the internal problems, in addition the role of Borondian council by it is trying end the conflict between the tribes of Hotsi and Tutsi.

Originality/value

The importance of the study stems from the fact that it focuses on the most important determinants of the new roles of contemporary parliaments that may be conducted outside the traditional framework of the parliament's study of legislation and supervision. Such contemporary parliaments have played new roles that take the form of political, economic, social, humanitarian, diplomatic and environmental works and other works concerned with the climate and their attempts to end internal and external conflicts and disputes.

Details

Review of Economics and Political Science, vol. 9 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2356-9980

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 25 February 2014

Chao Liu, Jing Liu, Li Xu and Wei Xiang

Entomology is a useful tool when applied to engineering challenges that have been solved in nature. Especially when these special abilities of olfactory sensation, vision…

834

Abstract

Purpose

Entomology is a useful tool when applied to engineering challenges that have been solved in nature. Especially when these special abilities of olfactory sensation, vision, auditory perception, fly, jump, navigation, chemical synthesis, exquisite structure and others were connected with mechanization, informationization and intelligentization of modern science and technology, and produced innumerable classical bionic products. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

All kinds of special abilities of insects and application status have been described and discussed in order to summarize the advanced research examples and supply bibliographic reference to the latters. Future perspectives and challenges in the use of insect bionics were also given.

Findings

In the period of life sciences and information sciences, insect bionics not only promoted the development of modern science and technology on the sides of mechanics, molecule, energy, information and control greatly but also provided new ideas and technologies for the crisis of science and technology, food, environment and ecosystem.

Originality/value

It may provide strategies to solve the problems and be a source of good ideas for researchers.

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