Abstract
A new principle of sensor is proposed for determination of microwave power in planar structures, through the direct measurement of a temperature gradient in the substrate induced by the dissipation of the power in a resistive matched load. The nodal thermal simulation tool of the ESACAP™ program was used which helped to determine that this gradient is proportional to the dissipated power. It can be measured by two resistive microthermometers under the ground plane which also plays the role of shield. In a first step, a hybrid sensor was designed of intrinsic sensitivity S=45°C/W, for a power range of 10 mW‐375 mW, and for an ambient temperature which can vary between 10°C and 100°C ( the sensitivity variation is around 10 ppm/°C). A prohibitive 0‐95% response time of 650 ms was found.. Consequently, a simulation of a smaller size sensor (volume divided by 1000) was performed, which revealed a strongly reduced time constant (8.5 ms).
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Marko Korhonen, Suvi Kangasraasio and Rauli Svento
This study aims to explore the link between mortality and climate change. The focus is in particular on individuals’ adaptation to temperature changes. The authors analyze the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the link between mortality and climate change. The focus is in particular on individuals’ adaptation to temperature changes. The authors analyze the relationship between climatic change (measured by temperature rate) and mortality in 23 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries during 1970-2010.
Design/methodology/approach
This study performs the adaptation regression model in the level form as a dynamic panel fixed effects model. The authors use a non-linear threshold estimation approach to examine the extreme temperature changes effect on the temperature–mortality relation. More specifically, the study explores whether the large increases/decreases in temperature rates affect mortality rates more than the modest changes.
Findings
This study indicates that the temperature–mortality relation is significant in early part of the sample period (before 1990) but insignificant during the second part (after 1990). After including controlling factors, as well as nation and year fixed effects, the authors provide evidence that people do adapt to the most of the temperature-related mortalities. Also, this study provides evidence of the non-linear relationship between national temperatures and mortality rates. It is observed that only after 5 per cent increase in the annual temperature, the relation between temperature and overall mortality is significant.
Originality/value
Most studies cover only one specific country, hence making it difficult to generalize across countries. Therefore, the authors argue that the best estimation of the health effects of temperature change can be found by modeling the past relationships between temperature and mortality across countries for a relatively long period. To the authors’ knowledge, previous studies have not systemically tested the adaptation effect across countries.
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Anna Reetta Suorsa, Rauli Svento, Anders V. Lindfors and Maija-Leena Huotari
The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge-creating interaction in developing an innovation in a multidisciplinary research community with hermeneutic phenomenology, to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge-creating interaction in developing an innovation in a multidisciplinary research community with hermeneutic phenomenology, to understand how previous experiences and future prospects shape the process and to examine the circumstances, which support or limit knowledge creation.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach of this study is phenomenological and the empirical case study has been conducted using ethnography. The data consist of field notes, videos, interviews and documents of a BCDC energy consortium, developing energy weather forecast (EWF) in a new type of research environment.
Findings
The results indicate that the role of actual interactive events was crucial in the development of EWF. Hermeneutic approach illustrated that the roots of that event were in the past experiences of the participants and the circumstances, which promoted the development of the innovation, but the acknowledgment of the future prospects was crucial in finalizing the process. The role of a leader organizing the interaction and collaborative work was also substantial.
Practical implications
The results of this study could be used to plan and organize knowledge creation processes in organizations, especially in universities and research communities, striving to create multidisciplinary research environments and practices.
Originality/value
This study proposes a new approach based on hermeneutic phenomenology to examine it in a unified way, by focusing on the key aspects of elements affecting knowledge-creating interaction.