K. Siwińska‐Stefańska, F. Ciesielczyk, A. Kołodziejczak‐Radzimska, D. Paukszta, J. Sójka‐Ledakowicz and T. Jesionowski
The purpose of this paper is to report on a method of synthesis of TiO2‐SiO2 oxide composites characterised by spherically shaped particles with sizes in the micrometric ranges…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on a method of synthesis of TiO2‐SiO2 oxide composites characterised by spherically shaped particles with sizes in the micrometric ranges, which can be applied as a new generation of textile/TiO2‐SiO2 composites with barrier properties against UV radiation. Synthesis and characterisation of TiO2‐SiO2 oxide composites with a high degree of dispersion were performed, and their influence on the barrier properties of textile fabrics was investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
The precipitation was performed with the use of solutions of titanium sulphate and sodium silicate as the precipitating agent, which are cheap alternatives to organic precursors of Ti and Si. The reaction was conducted in an emulsion system, where cyclohexane was used as the organic phase and non‐ionic surfactants NP3 and NP6 as emulsifiers were applied.
Findings
The direction of substrate supply, concentration of the reagents and their ratio and other conditions of precipitation process were found to significantly affect the physicochemical parameters of the pigments obtained. A possibility is provided of manufacturing a new generation of textile/TiO2‐SiO2 composites with barrier properties against UV radiation.
Research limitations/implications
Titanium sulphate, sodium silicate, cyclohexane as the organic phase, and non‐ionic surfactants NP3 and NP6 as emulsifiers, were used.
Practical implications
Synthesis of a new generation of textile/TiO2‐SiO2 composites with barrier properties against UV radiation has been performed. Textile fabrics modified with hybrid composites demonstrated high absorption of UV radiation over the full wavelength range.
Originality/value
Determination of optimum conditions of TiO2‐SiO2 oxide composites precipitation to obtain products with desired physicochemical, dispersive and structural properties. Development of nano‐structural textile composites with barrier properties, protecting against UV radiation.
Details
Keywords
Kai Yang, Ming‐Li Jiao, Yi‐Song Chen, Jun Li and Wei‐Yuan Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to explore the heat transfer and establish a heat transfer model of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment based on a thermal manikin covered with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the heat transfer and establish a heat transfer model of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment based on a thermal manikin covered with soft simulated skin.
Design/methodology/approach
The thermal manikin applied in this study was a copper manikin, typical of which was its soft simulated skin – a newly thermoplastic elastomer material. Based on this novel thermal manikin, the heat transfer analysis of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment was performed. To satisfy the practical engineering application and simplify analysis, the hypotheses were proposed, and then the heat transfer model was established by heat transfer theory, in which the heat exchange equation of the liquid cooling garment with the thermal manikin and with the air layer, and the garment's total heat dissipating capacity were derived.
Findings
The verification experiments performed in a climatic chamber by a thermal manikin wearing a liquid cooling garment at different surface temperatures of the thermal manikin show that the modeling value fits well with the experimental value, and the heat transfer model of the liquid cooling garment has a high accuracy. Meanwhile, the relationship between the heat‐dissipating capacity of the liquid cooling garment and its design parameters – inlet temperature and liquid velocity – is suggested as being based on the heat transfer model.
Originality/value
The paper shows that it is an effective method to control the heat‐dissipating capacity of a liquid cooling garment by changing the inlet temperature to some degree, but not by changing the liquid velocity.