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1 – 10 of over 18000A. Alonso, Esteban and D. Morales
Methods of testing simple hypotheses about lifetime parameters from doubly censored data are given on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle. It is shown that, under the…
Abstract
Methods of testing simple hypotheses about lifetime parameters from doubly censored data are given on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle. It is shown that, under the assumptions of standard type, the asymptotic distribution of proposed statistics is chi‐square or linear combination of chi‐square distributions. The choice of statistics optimal from the point of view of power is discussed and illustrated by several examples.
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M.L. Menéndez, L. Pardo, D. Morales and M. Salicrú
Presents (h, ø)‐entropies as a generalization of ø‐entropies. Studies some applications of this function in Bayesian inference, especially in the comparison of experiments. Also…
Abstract
Presents (h, ø)‐entropies as a generalization of ø‐entropies. Studies some applications of this function in Bayesian inference, especially in the comparison of experiments. Also studies the relationship of the (h,ø)‐entropy criterion to the classical approaches of Blackwell (1951) and Lehmann (1959).
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Saifuddin Ahmed, Dani Madrid-Morales and Melissa Tully
Informational use of social media facilitates political engagement. Yet, there is also evidence of the perils of frequent political engagement in misinformation propagation. This…
Abstract
Purpose
Informational use of social media facilitates political engagement. Yet, there is also evidence of the perils of frequent political engagement in misinformation propagation. This study aims to examine the association between online political engagement, perceived exposure to misinformation, individuals’ cognitive characteristics and misinformation sharing.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, online surveys were conducted in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2).
Findings
Study 1 finds that online political engagement is positively associated with perceived exposure to and sharing of misinformation. Mediation analyses suggest that the relationship between online political engagement and misinformation sharing is mediated by perceived exposure to misinformation. Further, the likelihood of sharing misinformation is found to increase at higher levels of online political engagement, but those with low need for cognition (NFC) are more vulnerable to such sharing. Study 2 explores cognitive ability in place of NFC. The results follow similar patterns as Study 1 – online political engagement is linked to misinformation sharing via higher perceived exposure to misinformation. The authors also find that the tendency to share misinformation increases with frequent exposure to misinformation but those with lower cognitive ability are more prone to such sharing.
Originality/value
In both contexts, the data show that perceived exposure to misinformation mediates the relationship between online political engagement and misinformation sharing and those with low NFC and cognitive ability are more vulnerable. Overall, the findings offer insight into the mechanisms of political engagement and sharing misinformation.
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Esteban and D. Morales
Proposes a partially parametric estimation of a survival function when data may be both left and right censored. Assuming that the chance of censoring is not related to the…
Abstract
Proposes a partially parametric estimation of a survival function when data may be both left and right censored. Assuming that the chance of censoring is not related to the individual’s survival time, the proposed estimator treats the uncensored observations non parametrically and uses parametic models for the censored observations. In this way, the results extend Klein et al.’s work (1990) to the doubly censored data case. Shows some of the properties of the estimator when the correct theoretical parametric model is selected.
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The objective of this study focuses on the characterization of the Latin American entrepreneurial profile from a psychological perspective. In order to do this, a journey through…
Abstract
The objective of this study focuses on the characterization of the Latin American entrepreneurial profile from a psychological perspective. In order to do this, a journey through time was carried out in the study of the entrepreneurial subject, from the great classics to the contemporary era, the era of knowledge, innovation, technology, and revolution. In the Latin American context, the role of the entrepreneur is limited due to vulnerable institutions, corruption, populism, and socioeconomic inequity. However, the new information and communication technologies constitute an ideal route for growth in the region. The fundamental element is the psychological profile of the entrepreneur, which is made up of a set of personal characteristics, among which innovation, achievement motivation, self-efficacy, moderate propensity for risk, creativity, perseverance, proactivity, flexibility, locus of control stand out, internal, adaptability, responsibility, ability to recognize opportunities, autonomy, commitment, handling problems and managerial skills. Finally, case studies from countries such as Mexico, Peru, and Chile are presented. It is a documentary study which reflects that Latin American entrepreneurs share the same psychological attributes as those who live in developed countries. However, obstacles arising from the lack of environment and public policies are imposed on entrepreneurial activity. The culture of a country and the formative role of education can become limiting or enhancing factors; therefore, it is necessary to bet on beliefs and convictions attached to innovation, which strengthen the psychological attributes of the entrepreneurial spirit.
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Michael Arthus G. Muega and Maricris B. Acido-Muega
This chapter is in part a review of the educational state of indigenous Filipino peoples (IPs) through the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Reports and observations from…
Abstract
This chapter is in part a review of the educational state of indigenous Filipino peoples (IPs) through the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Reports and observations from various literature on IPs in the Philippines were cited to show that the IPs' general educational, economic, social, and cultural situations similarly illustrate the following tenets of the CRT: (1) race is a social construct; (2) racism (discrimination against IPs in this case) is pervasively common; (3) active pursuit of equality happens only when it benefits all; (4) racism (discrimination against IPs in this case) is usually intertwined with abuses, inequities, or oppressions related to gender, religion, sex, economic status, education, physical state, mental capacity, and other variables; (5) racial groups (indigenous groups in this case) have perspectives that run counter to the mainstream perspective; and (6) laws and policies are not neutral when they do not eradicate social inequality. To develop a socially just or highly inclusive curriculum for indigenous students, it is necessary to involve organic resource persons in crafting or modifying a curriculum that responds well to the needs of the IPs. This is an imperative government and education agenda if the Filipino people are aiming to attain high-level inclusive and organic education for the IPs in the Philippines.
Audrey J. Murrell, Ray Jones, Logan Kauffman, Joseph Bute and John C. Welch
Food security reflects the amount of access and availability of healthy, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food and represents a significant problem both nationally and…
Abstract
Food security reflects the amount of access and availability of healthy, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food and represents a significant problem both nationally and globally. Individuals and families that are considered food insecure experience disparities and inequities in food access and availability and insufficiency in the amount and kind of food required for a healthy lifestyle. We see high food insecurity as a violation of one's rights to a healthy and secure life and a denial of the opportunity for individuals, families, and communities to realize their full potential in society. Thus, we examine food insecurity from three distinct but related perspectives: social responsibility, social justice, and social sustainability. We then explore the link between food insecurity and the “built environment” as needed to shape research, practice, and sustainable solutions in the future.
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Esteban and D. Morales
A method of estimating lifetime parameters from doubly censored data is given on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the…
Abstract
A method of estimating lifetime parameters from doubly censored data is given on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established. When the observation window is defined by the interval of time between the first and the pth events in a homogeneous Poisson process, asymptotic variances and efficiencies are analyzed assuming exponential lifetime distribution.
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M.A. Marhuenda, Y. Marhuenda and D. Morales
In statistical inference, goodness of fit techniques are frequently used to decide if an observed sample X1=x1, … ,Xn=xn can be considered as independent realizations from a…
Abstract
Purpose
In statistical inference, goodness of fit techniques are frequently used to decide if an observed sample X1=x1, … ,Xn=xn can be considered as independent realizations from a proposed cumulative distribution function F0(x). When goodness of fit tests are based on categorized data, they usually rely on relative frequencies of intervals or on sample quantiles. In this paper, comparisons between frequency‐based and quantile‐based power divergence test statistics are presented to test the hypothesis of uniformity in the interval (0,1) against different families of alternatives and some recommendations are given.
Design/methodology/approach
Divergence test statistics proposed by Cressie and Read are used and Monte Carlo simulation experiments are carried out. Both methods of categorization are applied separately to test the hypothesis of uniformity in the interval (0,1) and power comparisons are done for the families of alternatives proposed by Stephens. Next, a combined analysis is performed with the test statistics which have given the best results in each kind of categorization.
Findings
Results obtained by using quantile categorization are better due to the fact that quantile categorization uses selected exact sample observations. On the other hand, frequency categorization is based on relative frequencies of intervals. For the last type of categorization, there are many samples with the same value at the test statistic, so its discrimination power is reduced.
Research limitations/implications
The recommendation is limited to the power divergence test statistics introduced by Cressie and Read with parameter λ=−2,−1,−1/2,0,2/3,1,2 and several values of m and n.
Practical implications
Among the two types of categorizations, quantile categorization is recommended for testing uniformity.
Originality/value
The paper gives useful recommendations to applied statisticians when testing for uniformity.
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