Examines the effects which the institutional environment – particularly property and land‐use planning matters – may have on the process of retail internationalisation. Three…
Abstract
Examines the effects which the institutional environment – particularly property and land‐use planning matters – may have on the process of retail internationalisation. Three North American retail and leisure providers currently expanding into western Europe are discussed – Wal‐Mart (large stores), McArthur Glen (factory outlet centres) and Warner Brothers (cinema complexes). In each case the rate of progress, and type and location of development, have been affected by limitations in the flexibility of property markets or by land‐use planning restrictions. In the case of Wal‐Mart, choice of entry mode has arguably been affected by planning restrictions. A possible link between market saturation and property/planning constraints is also identified.
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Cliff Guy, Graham Clarke and Heather Eyre
“Food deserts” in British cities are partly the result of the expansion of multiple food retailing. New large stores force smaller stores to close down, thus depriving local…
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“Food deserts” in British cities are partly the result of the expansion of multiple food retailing. New large stores force smaller stores to close down, thus depriving local residents of food shopping opportunities. Examines this proposition through an analysis of changes in consumer access to food shopping in Cardiff over the last 20 years. Shows that although accessibility scores have increased in Cardiff since 1980 they have increased at a faster rate in higher income areas. In a pocket of deprived areas accessibility has declined over the decade. Thus, there has been a polarisation effect with a widening gap in accessibility scores across the city.
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A.G. Hallsworth and R.B. Johnson
Revisits a retail development near Stoke on Trent, UK, first reported on in 1998. It draws on recent work by Arnold and Luthra which has called for attention to be paid to the…
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Revisits a retail development near Stoke on Trent, UK, first reported on in 1998. It draws on recent work by Arnold and Luthra which has called for attention to be paid to the effects of large format (big box) retailing. To do so it draws on the opinions of members of the public who live within view of the Stoke on Trent development. It utilises before and after surveying, supplemented by interviews with a community leader, to show how redevelopment is viewed by those it most affects. Findings suggest that even the redevelopment of an existing site can generate protest. However, post‐opening, the concerns are more muted. The research process also reveals that the case study is one with implications for current concerns regarding future use of sites with A1 or open consent as defined under locally‐applicable land‐use planning regulations.
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The third and last in a series that describes Open Archives Initiative service providers. It profiles services that offer access to a variety of resources and recently initiated…
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The third and last in a series that describes Open Archives Initiative service providers. It profiles services that offer access to a variety of resources and recently initiated projects as well.
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Local shopping is a topic that has been neglected for many years by both retail researchers and policy makers. However, in recent years it has come on to the agenda again, mainly…
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Local shopping is a topic that has been neglected for many years by both retail researchers and policy makers. However, in recent years it has come on to the agenda again, mainly because a number of government policy areas – including social exclusion, regeneration and sector competitiveness – have recognised the vital community role played by small shops, and the problems of maintaining their vitality and viability. Within that context, introduces the special issue of IJRDM which presents a number of papers on the general theme of retailing for communities that were given at the CIRM Conference held in Manchester on 13 September 2002. They fall into three main groups: local shopping areas; business strategy and operations; and, learning, training and support for small retailers. The papers illustrate the diversity of research that needs to be undertaken in this area, and there are close parallels with work being undertaken in other management and social science disciplines.
To provide a list of non‐fictional books, as published, for the use of Librarians and Book‐buyers generally, arranged so as to serve as a continuous catalogue of new books ; an…
Abstract
To provide a list of non‐fictional books, as published, for the use of Librarians and Book‐buyers generally, arranged so as to serve as a continuous catalogue of new books ; an aid to exact classification and annotation ; and a select list of new books proposed to be purchased. Novels, school books, ordinary reprints and strictly official publications will not be included in the meantime.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse a representative sample of hypermarkets and supermarkets working in the Portuguese market, using a benchmark procedure to compare companies…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse a representative sample of hypermarkets and supermarkets working in the Portuguese market, using a benchmark procedure to compare companies that compete in the same market and thereby deriving managerial and policy implications.
Design/methodology/approach
A two‐stage procedure to benchmark the companies was adopted. In the first stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used and in the second stage a Tobit model is employed to estimate the efficient drivers.
Findings
First, that, on average, the efficiency of hypermarket and supermarket retail companies is high compared with that to be found in other sectors. Second, larger retail groups are, on average, more efficient than the smaller retailers, and third, that national retailers are on average more efficient than regional retailers. Finally, scale plays an important role in this market. The efficiency drivers are market share, number of outlets and location. Finally, regulation has a negative effect on efficiency.
Research limitations/implications
This paper has two limitations. The first is in relation to the data set, and the second in relation to the DEA method. With reference to the data set, the homogeneity of the retailers used in the analysis is questionable, since retailers of different sizes, production characteristics and locations are compared, which may face different restrictions and therefore might not be considered to be directly comparable. However, it can always be claimed that the units are not comparable and that it would consequently be equally impossible to undertake a ratio analysis. Moreover, the data set is short, so that the conclusions are limited. For the conclusions to be generalised, a larger panel data set would be required.
Practical implications
These can be separated into managerial and competitive – more importantly, the latter with its implications for the retailing industry and its future evolution.
Originality/value
Clarifies two issues: the changes in the fortunes of the retail companies, as observed in their sales volume ranking, and the need to look for the causes of retail efficiency, apart from internal managerial procedures.
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International business endeavors require people to communicate across cultural and national boundaries. For the past 20 years scholars have explored the ways in which culture…
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International business endeavors require people to communicate across cultural and national boundaries. For the past 20 years scholars have explored the ways in which culture influences work, habits and values, communication styles, and business practices. Along with the trend toward a global economy, there is today a greater recognition among specialists that cultural differences affect all facets of international business. Because of this, librarians serving practitioners and scholars of international business are challenged to provide information aimed at making the business professional more productive in culturally diverse environments. Provides a brief overview of the topic of cultural diversity in business literature. Follows this with an extensive bibliography of current English‐language works offering theoretical and applied approaches to this theme. Includes an annotated list of organizations involved in the cultural aspects of international business.