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To assess to what extent Chinese domestic banks' use of internet banking as a strategic response to the entrance of the WTO is affected by factors both external and internal to the banks.

A model depicted by a path diagram is developed to test the impact of various external and internal factors considered to have an impact on Chinese domestic banks' strategic response to the accession into the WTO. Survey questions from prior studies were adopted and modified. Structural equation analyses were used for data analysis.

The research hypothesis that the increasingly competitive conditions in the banking sector resulting from China's accession into the WTO has a significant effect on Chinese domestic banks' internet banking investment decisions was confirmed.

The conceptual model and research instrument could be further refined. The sampling frame used could be expanded to cover all banks in the Chinese mainland.

Findings of the study should benefit organizations in improving their use of IT as a strategic weapon, especially for the banking industry.

This study is the first empirical research on internet banking in mainland China from a strategic perspective.

Productivity and people maintenance values have traditionally been considered to contribute to leader effectiveness but the dynamics by which they have their effects have not been clarified. This study proposes that cooperative and competitive goal interdependence mediates the relationship between these values and outcomes. Working in organizations in Shanghai, China, 103 managers indicated their productivity and people values and 206 employees indicated their goal interdependence, leader effectiveness, and their commitment. Structural equation analysis suggested that productivity and people maintenance values affect goal interdependence which in turn results in leader effectiveness and employee commitment. Findings refine the theorizing by suggesting that leader values reduce competitive and independent goals but may not themselves strengthen cooperative goals. Results also suggest that leader values may directly induce employee commitment. The study’s findings and previous research were interpreted as suggesting that productivity and people values coupled with cooperative goals provide a foundation for effective leadership.

In a changing trade landscape, global trade transaction relies on a global supply-chain network. Customs clearance to cross borders is critical to enhancing the competitiveness of both importers and exporters. As such, each country has adopted an authorized economic operator (AEO) program to promote the security of both imported and exported cargo as well as expedite freight movements. The purpose of this paper is to discover the factors which should be taken into account to utilize an AEO program, and to look at the causal relations between these factors.

This study conducted a survey on 201 AEO programs in Korea. With partial least squares, the structure model is tested using the coefficient value of the determination of the dependent variable, explained by the sign and scale of the path coefficient, statistical significance, and leading variable. Moreover, this study performed bootstrap re-sampling to verify all paths and significance.

It was found that AEO external pressure, training capacity, and sustainability are shown to have a significant impact on AEO performance. Furthermore, for the group with a high level of AEO application, training capacity and AEO sustainability are shown to have a greater effect on AEO performance. For the group with a low level of AEO application, internal regulation is shown to have a bigger impact on AEO performance.

This study sets itself apart from previous ones in that it examines AEO application for trade security and facilitation with regard to customs, which would affect global supply-chain management.