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Article
Publication date: 11 June 2024

Haifeng Yu, Yao Wang and Chuang Gao

This study aims to use fractal theory to investigate the contact mechanics of two bidirectional anisotropic surfaces, taking into account the friction coefficient of the contact…

77

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to use fractal theory to investigate the contact mechanics of two bidirectional anisotropic surfaces, taking into account the friction coefficient of the contact interface. This study introduces a model that centers on normal contact load and contact stiffness, providing an extensive framework to elucidate the interactions between these surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (W-M) function for simulating bidirectional surface profiles. Through the application of elastic-plastic contact theory, it evaluates the contact area and load of a singular asperity across elasticity, elastoplasticity and plasticity phases. The contact load and stiffness of the rough surface are determined using a refined asperity density distribution function, and these findings are juxtaposed with extant models to validate their precision and rationality.

Findings

The study delineates the influence of fractal dimension (D), surface roughness (G), ellipse eccentricity (e) and friction coefficient (µ) on the contact area, load and stiffness. It reveals that the contact area enlarges with the fractal dimension (D) yet diminishes with increased eccentricity (e), roughness (G) and friction coefficient (µ). These elements considerably affect the contact load and stiffness, underscoring their significance in comprehending surface interactions.

Originality/value

This study applies fractal theory to analyze the contact mechanics of bidirectional anisotropic surfaces, considering the geometry and mechanics of ellipsoidal asperities on rough surfaces to develop a contact mechanics model. This model clarifies the deformation of an asperity in normal contact, presenting a more rational alternative to current models.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 76 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 26 November 2024

A. Bouteska, Mohamad Kabir Hassan and M. Faisal Safa

This paper aims to use three proxy variables – initial public offerings, trading volume and business confidence index (BCI) to construct an investor sentiment index both for the…

57

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to use three proxy variables – initial public offerings, trading volume and business confidence index (BCI) to construct an investor sentiment index both for the USA and China, taking into account the challenging periods of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on monthly data for a period from January 2009 to June 2022, this paper uses data of BCI, consumer confidence index (CCI), gross domestic product, trading volume and Fama and French (1993) factor data; linear regression of single and multifactor model; and EGARCH-M model for analyzing the effect of investor sentiment on stock market return and volatility, both in the USA and China.

Findings

The empirical results indicate the suitability of BCI over CCI as a measure of investor sentiment, both in the USA and China. The results indicate that investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on the excess returns in the stock market in both countries. Moreover, the effect of investor sentiment is higher in China than it is in the USA. Such an effect of investor sentiment is significant and fluctuates asymmetrically in the short run but loses its significance in the long run. Optimistic investor sentiment has a larger effect on the stock market volatility in the USA, while the pessimistic investor sentiment has a larger effect in the Chinese stock market.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on finding a more suitable proxy for investor sentiment from BCI or CCI. This paper also contributes by including both optimism and pessimism in explaining the stock return and volatility in both markets. The overall findings are important for understanding investor behavior in different market conditions.

Details

International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1834-7649

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Article
Publication date: 24 November 2022

Yu Hu, Xiaoquan Jiang and Wenjun Xue

This paper investigates the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in Chinese and the USA stock markets and explores the potential explanations.

318

Abstract

Purpose

This paper investigates the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in Chinese and the USA stock markets and explores the potential explanations.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors use the panel data regressions and the dynamic tests of two-way Granger causality in the panel VAR model to examine the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in Chinese and the USA stock markets.

Findings

The authors find that the institutional ownership in the Chinese (the USA) stock market is significantly and positively (negatively) related to idiosyncratic volatility through various tests. This paper indicates that institutional investors in the USA are more prudent and risk-averse, while the Chinese institutional investors are not because of high risk-bearing capacity.

Originality/value

This paper deepens the authors’ understanding on the relationship between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility and in the USA and the Chinese stock markets. This paper explains the opposite relationships between institutional ownership and idiosyncratic volatility in the stock markets in China and USA.

Details

International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 19 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8809

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Article
Publication date: 21 January 2022

Edward C.S. Ku, Jiunn-Woei Lian and Ling-Ling Liu

The purpose of this study is to integrate wayfinding strategies and open innovation to examine the factors of mobile application (M-App) design.

171

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to integrate wayfinding strategies and open innovation to examine the factors of mobile application (M-App) design.

Design/methodology/approach

The study formulated an M-App model from the wayfinding sense-making and open innovation perspective. Samples were collected from the M-Apps users of Airbnb.com in a survey based on the principle of snowball sampling, and 416 samples were returned in total. The hypothesis testing of the model was conducted using structural equation modeling with Linear Structural Relations.

Findings

The operators of the lodging industry should design the recommended route on the M-Apps for tourists to reach the accommodation on the map function conveniently.

Practical implications

The orientation of wayfinding sense-making integrates the accommodation host to mark the direction of the accommodation on the map function of M-Apps to indicate the direction of the location.

Social implications

The operators of the lodging industry should design the recommended route on the M-Apps for tourists to conveniently reach the accommodation on the map function.

Originality/value

For the M-Apps designer of the lodging industry, devising the function with an arrow point on the map would enable tourists to check their current location handily. Moreover, the M-Apps of lodging businesses can reduce marketing expenses from the high recommendations of tourists.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-5607

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Book part
Publication date: 1 September 2021

Ronald Klimberg and Samuel Ratick

In a previous chapter (Klimberg, Ratick, & Smith, 2018), we introduced a novel approach in which cluster centroids were used as input data for the predictor variables of a…

Abstract

In a previous chapter (Klimberg, Ratick, & Smith, 2018), we introduced a novel approach in which cluster centroids were used as input data for the predictor variables of a multiple linear regression (MLR) used to forecast fleet maintenance costs. We applied this approach to a real data set and significantly improved the predictive accuracy of the MLR model. In this chapter, we develop a methodology for adjusting moving average forecasts of the future values of fleet service occurrences by interpolating those forecast values using their relative distances from cluster centroids. We illustrate and evaluate the efficacy of this approach with our previously used data set on fleet maintenance.

Details

Advances in Business and Management Forecasting
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-091-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2022

Rajesh Aithal, R.K. Anil and Dechen Angmo

This paper aims to study organisations involved in rural tourism during the COVID-19 crisis and draw out lessons for similar organisations.

355

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study organisations involved in rural tourism during the COVID-19 crisis and draw out lessons for similar organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach has been adopted to develop the case studies for the three organisations, and the popular crisis management model has been used to analyse their responses.

Findings

The three organisations studied responded well to survive the COVID-19 crisis, and, the responses were grouped into three broad themes, namely importance of a good team supporting the business, increased digital engagements and the need to diversify their customer bases.

Practical implications

Organisations working in tourism sector have been facing several crises concurrently. The findings of this study on rural tourism should hopefully provide feedback and guidance to face the future challenges that might emerge in the tourism sector.

Originality/value

This study would perhaps be one of the first to map the responses of organisations working in India during the COVID crisis, where rural tourism has slowly started to become a significant rural development strategy.

Details

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4217

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Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Ervina Efzan Mhd Noor and Amares Singh

The aim of the present study was to gather and review all the important properties of the Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC) solder alloy. The SAC solder alloy has been proposed as the alternative…

857

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to gather and review all the important properties of the Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC) solder alloy. The SAC solder alloy has been proposed as the alternative solder to overcome the environmental concern of lead (Pb) solder. Many researchers have studied the SAC solder alloy and found that the properties such as melting temperature, wettability, microstructure and interfacial, together with mechanical properties, are better for the SAC solder than the tin – lead (SnPb) solders. Meanwhile, addition of various elements and nanoparticles seems to produce enhancement on the prior bulk solder alloy as well. These benefits suggest that the SAC solder alloy could be the next alternative solder for the electronic packaging industry. Although many studies have been conducted for this particular solder alloy, a compilation of all these properties regarding the SAC solder alloy is still not available for a review to say.

Design/methodology/approach

Soldering is identified as the metallurgical joining method in electronic packaging industry which uses filler metal, or well known as the solder, with a melting point < 425°C (Yoon et al., 2009; Ervina and Marini, 2012). The SAC solder has been developed by many methods and even alloying it with some elements to enhance its properties (Law et al., 2006; Tsao et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2002; Gain et al., 2011). The development toward miniaturization, meanwhile, requires much smaller solder joints and fine-pitch interconnections for microelectronic packaging in electronic devices which demand better solder joint reliability of SAC solder Although many studies have been done based on the SAC solder, a review based on the important characteristics and the fundamental factor involving the SAC solder is still not sufficient. Henceforth, this paper resolves in stating all its important properties based on the SAC solder including its alloying of elements and nanoparticles addition for further understanding.

Findings

Various Pb-free solders have been studied and investigated to overcome the health and environmental concern of the SnPb solder. In terms of the melting temperature, the SAC solder seems to possess a high melting temperature of 227°C than the Pb solder SnPb. Here, the melting temperature of this solder falls within the range of the average reflow temperature in the electronic packaging industry and would not really affect the process of connection. A good amendment here is, this melting temperature can actually be reduced by adding some element such as titanium and zinc. The addition of these elements tends to decrease the melting temperature of the SAC solder alloy to about 3°C. Adding nanoparticles, meanwhile, tend to increase the melting temperature slightly; nonetheless, this increment was not seemed to damage other devices due to the very slight increment and no drastic changes in the solidification temperature. Henceforth, this paper reviews all the properties of the Pb-free SAC solder system by how it is developed from overcoming environmental problem to achieving and sustaining as the viable candidate in the electronic packaging industry. The Pb-free SAC solder can be the alternative to all drawbacks that the traditional SnPb solder possesses and also an upcoming new invention for the future needs. Although many studies have been done in this particular solder, not much information is gathered in a review to give better understanding for SAC solder alloy. In that, this paper reviews and gathers the importance of this SAC solder in the electronic packaging industry and provides information for better knowledge.

Originality/value

This paper resolves in stating of all its important properties based on the SAC solder including its alloying of elements and nanoparticles addition for further understanding.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Article
Publication date: 14 June 2021

Chuande Liu, Bingtuan Gao, Chuang Yu and Adriana Tapus

Many work conditions require manipulators to open cabinet doors and then gain access to the desired workspace. However, after opening, the unlocked doors can easily close…

226

Abstract

Purpose

Many work conditions require manipulators to open cabinet doors and then gain access to the desired workspace. However, after opening, the unlocked doors can easily close, interrupt a task and potentially break the operating end-effectors. This paper aims to address a manipulator's behavior planning problem for responding to a dynamic workspace released by door opening.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic model of the restricted workspace released by an unlocked door is established. As a whole system to treat, the interactions between the workspace and robot are analyzed by using a partially observable Markov decision process. A self-protective policy decision executed as a belief tree is proposed. To respond to the policy, this study has designed three types of actions: stay on guard in the workspace, using an elbow joint to defense the door and linear escape out of the workspace for self-protection by observing collision risk levels to trigger them. Finally, this study proposes self-protective motion controllers based on risk time optimization to act to the planned actions.

Findings

The elbow defense could balance robotic safety and work efficiency by interrupting the end-effector's work and using the elbow joint to prevent the door-closing in an active collision way. Compared with the stay and escape action, the advantage of the elbow defense is having a predictable performance to quick callback the interrupted work after the risk was relieved.

Originality/value

This work provides guidance for the safe operation of a class of robot operations and the upgrade of motion planning.

Details

Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. 48 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 16 November 2020

Riaz Muhammad and Umair Ali

This paper aims to analyze the effect of cerium addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Tin-Silver-Copper (SAC) alloy. The mechanical properties and…

215

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the effect of cerium addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Tin-Silver-Copper (SAC) alloy. The mechanical properties and refined microstructure of a solder joint are vital for the reliability and performance of electronics. SAC305 alloys are potential choices to use as lead-free solders because of their good properties as compared to the conventional Tin-Lead solder alloys. However, the presence of bulk intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the microstructure of SAC305 alloys affects their overall performance. Therefore, addition of cerium restrains the growth of IMCs and refines the microstructure, hence improving the mechanical performance.

Design/methodology/approach

SAC305 alloy is doped with various composition of xCerium (x = 0.15, 0.35, 0.55, 0.75, 0.95) % by weight. Pure elements in powdered form were melted in the presence of argon with periodic stirring to ensure a uniform melted alloy. The molten alloy is then poured into a pre-heated die to obtain a tensile specimen. The yield strength and universal tensile strength were determined using a fixed strain rate of 10 mm per minute or 0.1667 mm s^(−1). The IMCs are identified using X-ray diffraction, whereas the elemental phase composition and microstructure evolution are, respectively, examined by using electron dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Findings

Improvement in the microstructure and mechanical properties is observed with 0.15% of cerium additions. The tensile test also showed that SAC305-0.15% cerium exhibits more stress-bearing capacity than other compositions. The 0.75% cerium doped alloy indicated some improvement because of a decrease in fracture dislocation regions, but microstructure refinement and the arrangement of IMCs are not those of 0.15% Ce. Different phases of Cu_6 Sn_5, Ag_3 Sn and CeSn_3 and ß-Sn are identified. Therefore, the addition of cerium in lower concentrations and presence of Ce-Sn IMCs improved the grain boundary structure and resulted refinement in the microstructure of the alloy, as well as an enhancement in the mechanical properties.

Originality/value

Characterization of microstructure and evaluation of mechanical properties are carried out to investigate the different composition of SAC305-xCerium alloys. Finally, an optimized cerium composition is selected for solder joint in electronics.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 33 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Book part
Publication date: 26 October 2017

Ronald K. Klimberg, Samuel Ratick and Harvey Smith

Multiple linear regression (MLR) is a commonly used statistical technique to predict future values. In this paper, we examine the situation in which a given time series dataset…

Abstract

Multiple linear regression (MLR) is a commonly used statistical technique to predict future values. In this paper, we examine the situation in which a given time series dataset contains numerous observations of important predictor variables that can effectively be classified into groups based on their values. In such situations, cluster analysis is often employed to improve the MLR models predictive accuracy, usually by creating separate regressions for each cluster. We introduce a novel approach in which we use the clusters and cluster centroids as input data for the predictor variables to improve the predictive accuracy of the MLR model. We illustrate and test this approach with a real dataset on fleet maintenance.

Details

Advances in Business and Management Forecasting
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-069-3

Keywords

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