The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that isothermal intermetallic growth data for gold ball bonds can be non-parabolic with explanations of why deviation from parabolic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that isothermal intermetallic growth data for gold ball bonds can be non-parabolic with explanations of why deviation from parabolic kinetics may occur.
Design/methodology/approach
Intermetallic thickness measurements were made at the centre of cross-sectioned ball bonds that were isothermally annealed at 175°C. Intermetallic growth kinetics were modelled with a power law expression(x(t) − x0)2 = α1tα2. The parameters of the power law model were obtained by transformation of the response and explanatory variables followed by data fitting using simple linear regression (SLR).
Findings
Ball bonds made with 4 N (99.99%Au) and 3 N (99.9%Au) gold wires exhibited two consecutive time regimes of intermetallic growth denoted Regime I and Regime II. Regime I was characterised by reactive diffusion between the gold wire and the aluminium alloy bond pad, during which Al was completely consumed in the formation of Au–Al intermetallics with non-parabolic kinetics. In Regime II, the absence of a free supply of Al to sustain intermetallic growth led to the conclusion that thickening of intermetallics was caused by phase transformation of Au8Al3 to Au4Al. Ball bonds made with 2 N (99%Au) wire also exhibited non-parabolic kinetics in Regime I and negligible intermetallic thickening in Regime II.
Research limitations/implications
The analysis of intermetallic growth is limited to total intermetallic growth at a single temperature (175°C).
Originality/value
The value of this study lies in showing that the assumption that only parabolic intermetallic growth is observed in isothermally aged gold ball bonds is incorrect. Furthermore there is no need to assume parabolic growth kinetics because with an appropriate data transformation, followed by fitting the data to a power law model using SLR and with the use of statistical diagnostics, both the suitability of the kinetic model and the nature of the growth kinetics (parabolic or non-parabolic) can be determined.
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Christopher A. Nelson, Annie Peng Cui and Michael F. Walsh
Building on prior trust repair research, this study aims to develop a more robust theoretical framework that describes trust repair strategies used by salespeople following a…
Abstract
Purpose
Building on prior trust repair research, this study aims to develop a more robust theoretical framework that describes trust repair strategies used by salespeople following a breach of trust.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the aim of this paper, individual depth interviews with 18 professional salespeople, 4 sales executives and 7 purchasing agents were undertaken.
Findings
This paper examines the value of using trust repair strategies (e.g. restoration, regulation and verbal repair strategies) both in isolation and in conjunction. The results suggest that individual trust repair strategies operate through impacting different dimensions of justice, as justice provides a reliable indicator as to whether the salesperson can be trusted in the future. This paper also finds that combining multiple trust repair strategies can have an additive effect on trust.
Originality/value
This paper uses thematic analysis to inductively identify the effective trust repair strategies that are used by salespeople in actual exchange relationships while integrating these insights with the existing theoretical frameworks in the literature. It contributes to theory through creating a conceptual model explaining the breach of trust and trust repair process, introducing justice as a direct mediating mechanism between trust repair strategies and increased trust. The research also develops a new perspective on combining salesperson words and actions to repair trust. It also provides a managerial contribution through introducing an optimized approach to trust repair in buyer-seller relationships.
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One of the main features of the reform of the Mental Health Act 2007 was the introduction of community treatment orders (CTOs). CTOs represent a fundamental shift in the rights of…
Abstract
One of the main features of the reform of the Mental Health Act 2007 was the introduction of community treatment orders (CTOs). CTOs represent a fundamental shift in the rights of people with severe mental health problems, who have been detained in hospital under section 3 of the Mental Health Act and subsequently discharged. The call for the introduction of CTOs or similar legislation has been a feature of mental health policy over the past 20 years. Despite the detailed discussion of the relationship between ethnicity and psychiatry, there has been very little attention paid to the way that race was a factor in the community care scandals of the 1990s. This article, through the consideration of two very high profile cases ‐ Christopher Clunis and Ben Silcock, explores the media's influence on the construction of the debate in this area. In particular, it explores the way that the media reporting of the two cases had a role in not only perpetuating racial stereotyping, but also the stigmatising of those experiencing acute mental health problems. In addition, with the use of government papers obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, it considers the response to and the attempts to influence the media debate at that time.
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Christopher Agyapong Siaw and Waqas Ali
This paper draws on the dynamic capabilities (DC) view to develop a conceptual framework that explicates the mechanisms through which human intelligence (HI) and artificial…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper draws on the dynamic capabilities (DC) view to develop a conceptual framework that explicates the mechanisms through which human intelligence (HI) and artificial intelligence (AI) substitute and complement each other for organizational knowledge management (KM) while considering the role of ethics.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper that draws on DC theory and integrates insights from the burgeoning literature on organizational AI adoption and application to develop a conceptual framework that explains the mechanisms through which HI and AI may substitute and complement each other for organizational KM to develop DC.
Findings
The conceptual framework demonstrates that substituting HI with AI is suitable for external environmental scanning to identify opportunities, while AI substitution for HI is ideal for internal scanning through data analytics. Additionally, HI complementing AI is effective for seizing opportunities by aligning internal competencies with external opportunities, whereas AI complementing HI is beneficial for reconfiguring assets by transforming tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. This substitution and complementarity between HI and AI shape KM processes—acquisition, conversion, application, and retention—that influence organizational performance, depending on how internal and external ethical standards govern organizational AI use.
Research limitations/implications
The paper presents key insights into how AI may substitute for HI for internal data analytics in KM but may be ineffective for external environmental scanning to sense opportunities. It further reveals that using AI to capture and convert tacit knowledge (HI) to explicit knowledge requires ethical considerations at the organizational level, but ethical considerations are necessary at the employee/manager level when HI relies on AI-generated insights for strategic decisions.
Practical implications
The study implies that in environments with defined regulations for AI and KM (e.g. privacy protection), responsibility for the consequences of AI-HI substitution and complementarity in developing DC can be assigned to specific steps in the KM process. However, in environments with undefined regulations, responsibility must be assigned to people, units or departments who manage the entire KM process to ensure accountability for ethical breaches.
Originality/value
This study proposes AI-HI substitution and complementarity in organizations to extend the understanding of the relationship between AI and HI to DC development.
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Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18;…
Abstract
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Index by subjects, compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management…
Abstract
Index by subjects, compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18;…
Abstract
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18;…
Abstract
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
The Equal Pay Act 1970 (which came into operation on 29 December 1975) provides for an “equality clause” to be written into all contracts of employment. S.1(2) (a) of the 1970 Act…
Abstract
The Equal Pay Act 1970 (which came into operation on 29 December 1975) provides for an “equality clause” to be written into all contracts of employment. S.1(2) (a) of the 1970 Act (which has been amended by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975) provides:
Knight's Industrial Law Reports goes into a new style and format as Managerial Law This issue of KILR is restyled Managerial Law and it now appears on a continuous updating basis…
Abstract
Knight's Industrial Law Reports goes into a new style and format as Managerial Law This issue of KILR is restyled Managerial Law and it now appears on a continuous updating basis rather than as a monthly routine affair.