Andreas Gagel, Christian M¨ller and Karl Schulte
The stiffness and damage evolution in a quasi‐static tensile loaded non‐crimp fabric reinforced epoxy was measured. To determine the effective stiffness of the damaged material…
Abstract
The stiffness and damage evolution in a quasi‐static tensile loaded non‐crimp fabric reinforced epoxy was measured. To determine the effective stiffness of the damaged material numerically a finite element analysis was performed. The finite element analysis bases solely on the measured ±45° and 90°‐ crack densities and on ply properties calculated by the Rule of Mixtures. The measured and calculated effective tensile stiffness were compared and a fair agreement could be found.
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This paper suggests that an adequate understanding of the notion of the social market economy, which has become a prominent aspect of debates on the social model of the European…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper suggests that an adequate understanding of the notion of the social market economy, which has become a prominent aspect of debates on the social model of the European Constitution, is to be assessed in the context of the historist tradition in German economic and social thought.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores the intellectual history of the notion of the social market economy and its conceptual relevance for a dynamic European social model by highlighting Alfred Müller‐Armack's contributions to ordoliberalism and their relationship with German historism, in particular with Gustav von Schmoller's approach to Socialpolitik.
Findings
The paper finds that the decisive concern of the notion of the social market economy is the reconciliation of economic dynamism and social cohesion in a basic setting of legal rules and cultural values, reaching beyond common interpretations that focus more narrowly on institutional aspects of social policy.
Practical implications
By highlighting the interplay of economic, social and cultural dimensions, the paper suggests an extension of the conceptual horizon of current debates on the social model of the European Union, promoting policy implications that account for the possibilities of balancing conflicting social interests in the process of integration.
Originality/value
The paper applies a reconstruction of the intellectual history of the notion of the social market economy to the problem of designing a social order for the European Union with its underlying discourse on the constitutional status of a European social market economy.