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The success of any organisation inevitably depends very largely on the staff it employs. The article sets out requirements for effective training – as assessment of needs, clear training policy, support of the management, co‐operation of the managers and adequate finance and resources. The results of a study of \ill\ organisations are reported, from which four levels of training were identified ‐output, task, performance and strategic. For most organisations, training was a low \ill\ low status activity, not an integral part of the business plan.

Notes how the value of developing corporate identity (CI), as a means of encouraging an organization's key stakeholders to perceive the corporate entity in a clear and positive way, has been receiving increased attention in the last decade. To date much of the practitioner and academic attention has been focused on the communication function between an organization and its customers (primarily). In order that managers and academics are able to realize more of the potential that CI offers organizations, it is necessary to consider the role and impact CI can have on strategic management. Reviews the literature and considers the concepts of corporate identity, image, reputation and personality. Determines the linkages between these concepts and argues that image research studies should not just be oriented to improving images and communications but that this information can also have a central role to play in the strategic development of an organization. To do this presents a framework, referred to as a corporate identity management process (CIMP). Provides an illustration which shows how an understanding of stakeholder images can be used, via the CIMP, to reveal opportunities for developing sustainable competitve advantage.

This paper aims to provide insight into the use of festivals as a strategy to position cities as creative hubs.

This paper has been prepared by an independent author who provides their views and personal experiences of festivals.

Festivals are an effective strategic tool for countries to use to engage business audiences and associate themselves with values such as creativity.

This paper shares highlights from the 2016 Dubai Lynx International Festival of Creativity. Three presentations have been chosen for review, and two of the developmental programmes are discussed. While these provide only a brief insight into the festival, they reflect the quality of speakers and the unique opportunities for professional development offered at this annual Dubai event.

The decision to outsource a part of an organisation’s activities is often the result of an initiative to realise potential production cost efficiencies. In order to avoid the use of such narrow decision criteria this paper considers the use of a wider array of inputs. Following a review of the literature, a composite outsourcing decision framework is presented. This framework consists of three main components. The first seeks to utilise the unique contextual factors associated with each decision; the second considers the strategic implications of deciding to outsource and the third investigates the traditional cost aspects. The framework is then applied to a case study concerning an engineering organisation which had to decide whether to outsource part of its production facilities. The outcomes suggest that the framework was a useful instrument in assisting management in making this decision, although further work in this area is required.

There has been little evidence of any work undertaken to measure the effectiveness of viral marketing campaigns. This paper aims to report on research undertaken to determine the key criteria that viral marketing practitioners believe should be used to measure the success of viral marketing campaigns.

Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with some of the premier web masters, those leading the development of much of the UK's viral marketing activities.

Two forms of viral marketing were identified, “random” and “placed virals”. The paper presents a viral marketing evaluation framework that identifies three key objectives and their particular evaluation criteria. Financial objectives and the need to measure the return on investment were identified as previously undocumented key issues.

The small size of the sample prevents generalization but the findings suggest that further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to explore the topic in greater detail.

Using the framework to measure the success of a campaign can help clients and agencies be more accountable and effective with respect to viral campaigns.

The determination of the evaluation of critieria of viral marketing campaigns is important because it is undertaken from a practitioners' perspective and is a topic not previously explored.

Man has been seeking an ideal existence for a very long time. In this existence, justice, love, and peace are no longer words, but actual experiences. How ever, with the American preemptive invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq and the subsequent prisoner abuse, such an existence seems to be farther and farther away from reality. The purpose of this work is to stop this dangerous trend by promoting justice, love, and peace through a change of the paradigm that is inconsistent with justice, love, and peace. The strong paradigm that created the strong nation like the U.S. and the strong man like George W. Bush have been the culprit, rather than the contributor, of the above three universal ideals. Thus, rather than justice, love, and peace, the strong paradigm resulted in in justice, hatred, and violence. In order to remove these three and related evils, what the world needs in the beginning of the third millenium is the weak paradigm. Through the acceptance of the latter paradigm, the golden mean or middle paradigm can be formulated, which is a synergy of the weak and the strong paradigm. In order to understand properly the meaning of these paradigms, however, some digression appears necessary.

Marketing Communication.

At the undergraduate level, this case can be used in marketing courses such as Marketing Fundamentals, Marketing Management, Marketing Communication and Consumer Behavior. This case may also be used for Master's level students for Quality when focusing on safety/security in offices and factories.

This case is used to introduce the concept of B2B and B2C marketing and explore the possibilities of converting an industry that essentially uses B2B marketing communication to choose B2C options. This case is also important for creating awareness on safety and preventive measures in the face of a fire crisis.

Understanding the role of marketing communication. Differentiating between B2B and B2C markets. Exploring the application of B2C marketing communication in the fire suppression systems market in the Middle East.

Teaching notes.

Man has been seeking an ideal existence for a very long time. In this existence, justice, love, and peace are no longer words, but actual experiences. How ever, with the American preemptive invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq and the subsequent prisoner abuse, such an existence seems to be farther and farther away from reality. The purpose of this work is to stop this dangerous trend by promoting justice, love, and peace through a change of the paradigm that is inconsistent with justice, love, and peace. The strong paradigm that created the strong nation like the U.S. and the strong man like George W. Bush have been the culprit, rather than the contributor, of the above three universal ideals. Thus, rather than justice, love, and peace, the strong paradigm resulted in in justice, hatred, and violence. In order to remove these three and related evils, what the world needs in the beginning of the third millenium is the weak paradigm. Through the acceptance of the latter paradigm, the golden mean or middle paradigm can be formulated, which is a synergy of the weak and the strong paradigm. In order to understand properly the meaning of these paradigms, however, some digression appears necessary.