The paper aims to provide a better understanding of psychological contract (PC) constructed by examining the relationships among unfulfilled expectations, unfulfilled promises…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to provide a better understanding of psychological contract (PC) constructed by examining the relationships among unfulfilled expectations, unfulfilled promises, and employee behavioral outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional survey with data collected at three separate times, each one month apart to reduce the possibility of common method biases. The data were collected from multiple sources of 250 employee-supervisor pairs.
Findings
First, both unfulfilled expectations and promises were related to employees' negative behavioral outcomes. However, unfulfilled promises were likely to trigger stronger negative behavioral outcomes, such as a decrease in loyalty to the organization and job performance, and an increase in complaining and intention to leave the organization. Second, different dimensions of unfulfilled PCs trigger different types of behavioral outcomes. Specifically, unfulfilled transactional contracts were likely to trigger employees' withdrawing behaviors, such as intent to quit and carelessness of job performance. Similarly, unfulfilled relational contracts were likely to influence employees' extra-role behaviors, such as increased grumbling and decreased loyalty.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the PC theory in three ways. First, PCs were discussed in multiple perspectives, employees' expectations and employer's promises, which contained different meanings about employees' behavioral outcomes. Second, the contents of PCs were evaluated in multiple dimensions, transactional contents and relational contents, as they were related to different types of work-related behaviors. Third, this study was conducted in Taiwan to reveal how employees react to unfulfilled PCs in a high-context cultural environment.
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Keywords
Jeffrey S. Fu, Dong‐Hua Yang, Chin‐I Yeh, Hsien‐Chin Chiu, Kuo‐Sheng Chin, Hsuan‐Ling Kao and Jui‐Ching Cheng
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a non‐uniform Chebyshev distributed low‐pass filter (LPF) with dumbbell‐shaped photonic bandgap structure (PBGs), implemented in the 50 �…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a non‐uniform Chebyshev distributed low‐pass filter (LPF) with dumbbell‐shaped photonic bandgap structure (PBGs), implemented in the 50 Ω microstrip line, with improved defected ground structure.
Design/methodology/approach
The non‐uniform distribution of PBGs and dumbbell‐shaped DGS of PBGs have been discussed in open literatures. In this study, the influence of FF of PBGs in dumbbell‐shaped PBG is represented.
Findings
By varying filling factor (FF) of the periodic structure from 0.25 to 0.8 of the dumbbell squares can generate better rejection band than uniform dumbbell LPF. Different FF of each square can produce different band rejection range and then yields the LPF with different cutoff. By using chirp adjustment of distance between PBGs, the band rejection performance can be optimized.
Originality/value
It can be seen that the chirped and non‐uniform dumbbell‐shaped PBGs generate excellent bandgap performances in linearly varying period (chirped devices) than those of structures with constant period (non‐chirped or uniform devices).
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Keywords
I-Chin Wu, Pertti Vakkari and Bo-Xian Huang
Recent studies on search-as-learning (SAL) have recognized the significance of identifying users' learning needs as they evolve for acquiring knowledge during the search process…
Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies on search-as-learning (SAL) have recognized the significance of identifying users' learning needs as they evolve for acquiring knowledge during the search process. In this study, the authors clarify the extent to which search behaviors reflect the learning outcome and foster the users' knowledge of Chinese art.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted an exploratory-sequential mixed-methods approach using simulated work task situations to collect empirical data. The authors used two types of simulated learning tasks for topics related to painting and antique knowledge. A lot of 25 users participated in this evaluation of digital archives (DAs) at the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taiwan. For each set of topics, a close-ended task related to lower-level learning goals and an open-ended task related to higher-level learning goals.
Findings
The learning criteria reflect changes in the users' knowledge structure, revealing the SAL process. Furthermore, users achieved better task performance on the higher-level creative-learning task, which suggests that they met more learning criteria, exhibited a greater variety of search patterns when exploring the topics via interaction with various sources. Finally, there is a close relationship between creative-learning tasks, prior knowledge, keyword search actions and learning outcomes.
Originality/value
The authors discuss implications with respect to the design of DAs in practice and contributions to the body of SAL knowledge in DAs of online museums. For future reference, the authors provide implications for the development of learning measures from the perspective of user search behavior with associated learning outcomes in the context of DAs.
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Cheng‐Wen Lee and Chi‐Shun Liao
The study aims to discuss how the attributes of Chinese tea beverage brands influence consumers' evaluations of brand positioning and the differences and competition among brands.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to discuss how the attributes of Chinese tea beverage brands influence consumers' evaluations of brand positioning and the differences and competition among brands.
Design/methodology/approach
A perceptual map, developed using probabilistic discriminant analysis algorithms, depicts the relative position of each brand and illustrates their attractive properties. This statistical technique can enhance managers' ability to identify promising brand positions and enhance the overall brand design process.
Findings
The study finds that Chinese tea beverage brands pursue various goals, such as quenching thirst, attractive advertising, or reliable quality, to develop their positions. Brand positioning implies that consumers remember particular information conveyed by the brand. The study illustrates consumers' brand awareness attributes, potential market demand, and brand competition conditions.
Research limitations/implications
Brand positioning, when linked with market segmentation, can yield effective guidelines for the design and coordination of a marketing strategy. The scope of this study, however, does not enable elaboration on segmented differences in product positioning.
Practical implications
The study provides a useful source of information for managers, who should introduce brands to the market carefully and deliberately and choose a position that is both appealing and sustainable over time.
Originality/value
The study provides a unique method to understand the current market structure and determine a target brand and its best competitive position.
Details
Keywords
Mohammad Gharaibeh, Aaron J. Stewart, Quang T. Su and James M. Pitarresi
This paper aims to investigate and compare the reliability performance of land grid array (LGA) and ball grid array (BGA) solders, as well as the SAC105 and 63Sn37Pb solder…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate and compare the reliability performance of land grid array (LGA) and ball grid array (BGA) solders, as well as the SAC105 and 63Sn37Pb solder alloys, in vibration loading conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
Reliability tests were conducted using a sine dwell with resonance tracking vibration experiment. Finite element simulations were performed to help in understanding the observed failure trends.
Findings
Reliability results showed that the tin-lead solders out-perform lead-free solders in vibrations loading. Additionally, the LGA solder type could provide a better vibration reliability performance than BGA solders. Failure analysis results showed that in LGAs, the crack is initiated at the printed circuit board side and at the component side in BGAs. In both types, the crack is propagated throughout in the intermetallic compound layer.
Originality/value
In literature, there is a lack of published data in the comparison between LGA and BGA reliability performance in vibration loadings. This paper provides useful insights in the vibration reliability behavior of the two common solder joint types.