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Development of new products rich in nutrients required for growth and development along with acceptability can contribute in alleviating malnutrition. Laddoo, a traditional sweet, is well-accepted by people at large. However, traditional laddoos contain one or two food groups – sugar and saturated fat, which are not healthy. The aim of this research was to formulate a nutritious laddoo using different food groups and to study its nutritional, functional, textural and sensory profile.

Composite flour laddoo (TL) was formulated using a mix of cereals, sprouted legumes, malted millets, dairy ingredients, fruit, oil and jaggery and evaluated for particle size, colour, texture, nutritional, functional and sensory evaluation and compared with traditional wheat (CL-1) and chickpea (CL-2) flour laddoos (CL).

The TL’s were significantly softer in texture compared to CLs, resulting in ease in biting, chewing and swallowing. The nutritional quality of TL was significantly higher in terms of protein (24.6 g/100 g), fibre (3.8 g/100 g), iron (10.4 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (287.5 mg/100 g). The functional quality of TL was also higher in terms of phenolics (123.0 gallic acid equivalent mg/100 g), flavonoids (6.9 quercitin equivalent mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (62.6 per cent radical-scavenging activity). Organoleptic evaluation also showed higher acceptability (eight) of TL against six for CL-1 and seven for CL-2.

Fortification of food products to enhance the nutritive value has become the major focus of the researchers in the field of new product development, owing to the consumer need for products having high nutritive and sensorial properties. Malnutrition is a serious matter of concern among the population of India, and the present situation demands development of products that are rich in nutrients required for growth and development and readily acceptable. Traditional laddoos made using a single ingredient does not provide sufficient nutrients, and sugar and saturated fat used for binding are not healthy options. No work on using composite flour along with sprouting/malting, jaggery and unsaturated fat to prepare laddoos with its nutritional, functional and textural properties has been reported.

This study aims to analyse the factors that caused Indian tourists to avoid travelling abroad because of the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. It will also identify the relationship between the perceived risk of travelling and the probability of travel evading in India owing to COVID-19.

This study used an online structured questionnaire to collect data from Indian tourists to study six independent variables linked with their behavioural intentions (travel evading). The health belief model was used to examine tourist behaviour.

The results revealed a positive correlation between the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 and travel avoidance. Familiarity with COVID-19 was positively correlated with travel evading behaviours.

This study will assist stakeholders from around the world to adequately identify and thoroughly plan for logistical problems associated with travel such as travel insurance and pre-travel booking expenses to reduce travel evading behaviour and promote travel.

While a few studies have been conducted related to pandemics (Ebola, MERS-CoV, SARS), there is a paucity of literature that examines the factors which influence tourists’ travel evading behaviour owing to COVID-19. Moreover, most of the previous literature on pandemics is concentrated on American and European countries, whereas studies on the Indian sub-continent are very scarce. This study will fill this gap and will identify the factors which influence tourists in India to evade travel in response to COVID-19.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of business group (BG) affiliation on affiliated firms' entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The authors further investigate the possible contingent factors affecting this relationship – the age of BGs and the affiliated firm’s external linkages (ratio of external to in-house interlocks) on the relationship in an emerging market context.

The study employs a dynamic panel data framework using the system-generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM) on a sample of 670 NSE-listed Indian firms during the 2006–2019 period. EO is measured through content analysis of the letters to shareholders (LTS) issued by the companies between the period 2006 and 2019.

BG affiliates have more EO than standalone firms, as affiliates can access group-wide resources and capabilities apart from firm-specific resources. Affiliates of older BG have less EO since they are more entrenched in the institutional settings of their BG. Affiliates with more external linkages of board members will have a higher level of EO, as such linkages would subside inertial tendencies by exposing them to novel sets of information, resources and strategic practices. Further, the negative effect of BG age on EO is countered by external linkages. Overall, the study shows that the effect of group affiliation is not uniform and is contingent on the factors we have theorized and tested.

The paper proposes the resource-based view and the institutional void theory as likely candidates for explaining the contribution of BGs towards the EO of its affiliates, especially in the context of emerging markets. The contingent role of BG age highlighted in the paper forewarns managers about the importance of establishing internal mechanisms to preserve the EO in affiliates. Our findings about the positive role played by external linkages of the board members provide one such mechanism that can be leveraged to enhance affiliated firm’s EO.

This study aims to investigate the circumstances where the positive influences of leader’s self-confidence are weakened in situations of conflict management (CM) arising due to innovation implementation. Specifically, this study tests the moderating influence of financial slack, internal opposition posturing and performance feedback on the relationship between self-confidence and conflict management styles (CMS). The findings are not complete.

This experimental study was conducted in two stages: In Stage 1, the authors studied moderating effects of financial slack (sound/unsound) and internal opposition posture (encouraging/ discouraging) on the relationship between leader’s self-confidence and CMS, namely, dominating, integrating and avoiding. In Stage 2, the authors studied the moderating effect of performance feedback (success/failure) on the relationship between leader’s self-confidence and three CMS. Data were collected from 268 senior-level Indian managers in Stage 1, out of which 235 managers also responded in Stage 2. These participants assumed the positions of chief executive officers (CEOs) within major Indian manufacturer specializing in electrical components, enabling us to empirically test the proposed model. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis of 10 semistructured interviews with Indian CEOs were conducted to enrich the discussion of the results.

Leader’s self-confidence determined the three CMS with highly self-confident leaders displaying irrational behavior in persisting with innovation through dominating style. Internal opposition posture and performance feedback exerted main effects on dominating style.

This study supports behavioral decision theory of firm and escalation of commitment theory.

This study underscores the need for personality and self-awareness training amongst senior managers to mitigate irrational behavior due to excessive self-confidence and enhanced effective CM.

This study identifies a crucial boundary condition where high self-confidence in innovation implementation may lead to irrational behavior and ineffective CM.

This paper aims to examine dissimilar joints for various applications in chemical, petrochemical, oil, gas, shipbuilding, defense, rail and nuclear industry.

This study examined the effects of cold metal transfer welding on stainless steel welds for 316L austenitic and 430 ferritic dissimilar welds with ER316L, ER309L and without (autogenous) fillers. The microstructural observation was done with an optical microscope. The mechanical test was done to reveal the strength, hardness and toughness of the joint. The electrochemical polarization tests were done to reveal intergranular and pitting corrosion in the dissimilar joints.

This microstructural study shows the presence of austenitic and ferritic phases with vermicular ferrite for ER309L filler weld, and for ER316L filler weld specimen shows predominately martensitic phase in the weld region, whereas the autogenous weld shows lathy ferrite mixed with martensitic phase. Mechanical test results indicated that filler welded specimen (ER316L and ER309L) has relatively higher strength and hardness than the autogenous weld, whereas ER316L filler weld exhibited the highest impact toughness than ER309L filler weld and lowest in autogenous weld. The electrochemical corrosion results displayed the highest degree of sensitization (DOS) in without filler welded specimen (45.62%) and lower in case of filler welded specimen ER309L (4.95%) and least in case of ER316L filler welded specimen (3.51%). The high DOS in non-filler welded specimen is correlated with the chromium carbide formation. The non-filler welded specimen shows the highest pitting corrosion attack as compared to the ER316L filler weld specimen and relatively better in ER309L filler welded specimen. The highest pitting corrosion resistance is related with the high chromium content in ER309L composition.

This experimental study is original and conducted with 316L and 430 stainless steel with ER316L, ER309 and without fillers, which will help the oil, shipbuilding and chemical industries.

This paper aims to study the effect of number of welding passes on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of 409 M ferritic stainless steel. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process is used to weld two metal sheets of 409 M having 3 mm thickness as bead-on-plate with single, double and triple passes. Microstructures were observed at transverse section with the help of optical microscope and with increasing number of passes grain growth, and the width of heat-affected zone (HAZ) increases. The results of tensile tests revealed that as number of passes increases, there is reduction in tensile strength and ductility. Double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test revealed that as number of passes increases, the degree of sensitization increases. This is due to the deposition of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries and the associated depletion of chromium.

Three welded plates of single, double and triple pass were welded by SMAW process. From three welded plates (single, double and triple passes), samples for microstructural examination were cut in transverse direction (perpendicular to welding direction) with the help of wire-cut electrical discharge machine (EDM). The welded plates were sliced using wire-cut EDM along transverse direction for preparing optical microscopy, tensile testing, microhardness and DL-EPR testing specimens.

From the microstructure, it was observed that the large grain growth, which is dendritic, and the structure become finer to increase in number of welding passes. As number of passes increases, the width of HAZ increases because of the higher temperature at the welded zone. The tensile strength decreases to increase the number of welding passes because of grain coarsening and chromium carbide precipitation in sensitized zone and wider HAZ. The maximum microhardness value was observed for single-pass weld as compared to double- and triple-pass welds because of the fast cooling rate. The degree of sensitization increases to increase the number of passes because of chromium carbide deposition at the grain boundaries.

The authors declare that the manuscript is original and not published elsewhere, and there is no conflict of interest to publish this manuscript.

The purpose of this paper is to make a case for linking spiritual intelligence to the Indian university curriculum for creating sustainable leaders and change agents. The growing emphasis on higher education sustainability involves taking a step back from the daily rigors of academic life and giving a thought to the unique approaches to promote sustainability. Though there are several initiatives for making the environment in the campus sustainable – switching off lights/fans, reducing consumption, etc., there are very few initiatives promoting the transformation of the individual. This paper defines a new conceptual framework linking spiritual intelligence to leadership and sustainability of the higher education system.

This present study is analytical and comprises secondary data which are collected from research papers, books, periodicals and journals. Using keywords search in the Scopus database, a list of papers was arrived at, analyzed and distilled to arrive at select journals. These journals were cross-reference to the SCimago’s journal portal ranking and established journal selected. Papers based on these established journals were taken for systematic review and synthesis of literature. Literature studies for bibliometric analysis work were also conducted using the using tools like “VOSviewer” for precisely arriving at current and future areas of research.

There were three main findings: defined a new conceptual model/framework of practical spiritual intelligence in the higher education system; defined the key shared language of spiritual intelligence in a higher education system; and defined the key attributes of practical spiritual leadership and sustainability.

This research is based on developing a conceptual model of interaction between spiritual intelligence and spiritual leadership in a higher education university environment that can give us a new insight into the manifestation of practical spirituality in universities. The extent of research work, both conceptual as well as empirical, as evidenced, does indicate the growing and sustained interest in the subject of spirituality and spiritual intelligence, but there is limited research in the area of leadership development and sustainability in the higher education system.

The field of machine vision, or computer vision, has been growing at fast pace. The growth in this field, unlike most established fields, has been both in breadth and depth of concepts and techniques. Machine vision techniques are being applied in areas ranging from medical imaging to remote sensing, industrial inspection to document processing and nanotechnology to multimedia databases. The goal of a machine vision system is to create a model of the real world from images. Computer vision recognition has attracted the attention of researchers in many application areas and has been used to solve many ranges of problems. The purpose of this paper is to consider recognition of objects manufactured in mechanical industry. Mechanically manufactured parts have recognition difficulties due to manufacturing process including machine malfunctioning, tool wear and variations in raw material. This paper considers the problem of recognizing and classifying the objects of such parts. RGB images of five objects are used as an input. The Fourier descriptor technique is used for recognition of objects. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used for classification of five different objects. These objects are kept in different orientations for invariant rotation, translation and scaling. The feed forward neural network with back-propagation learning algorithm is used to train the network. This paper shows the effect of different network architecture and numbers of hidden nodes on the classification accuracy of objects.

The overall goal of this research is to develop algorithms for feature-based recognition of 2D parts from intensity images. Most present industrial vision systems are custom-designed systems, which can only handle a specific application. This is not surprising, since different applications have different geometry, different reflectance properties of the parts.

Classification accuracy is affected by the changing network architecture. ANN is computationally demanding and slow. A total of 20 hidden nodes network structure produced the best results at 500 iterations (90 percent accuracy based on overall accuracy and 87.50 percent based on κ coefficient). So, 20 hidden nodes are selected for further analysis. The learning rate is set to 0.1, and momentum term used is 0.2 that give the best results architectures. The confusion matrix also shows the accuracy of the classifier. Hence, with these results the proposed system can be used efficiently for more objects.

After calculating the variation of overall accuracy with different network architectures, the results of different configuration of the sample size of 50 testing images are taken. Table II shows the results of the confusion matrix obtained on these testing samples of objects.

Higher education institutions aim for the holistic development of students to cope with the changing global context. The present study aims to devise a model of leadership development among higher education students by validating the model conceptually and testing it empirically. Attributes of Spiritual Intelligence (SI) are empirically evaluated for leadership development post its conceptual validation.

This article examined current theoretical frameworks and gaps in the literature. A total of 810 students were approached from Indian Higher education institutions for study. Data has been examined using the exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis techniques to check the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument.

The empirical findings confirm that the eight new spiritual intelligence attributes defined and validated through this study can have a significant impact on the leadership development of higher education students.

Educational researchers have often found the construct of spiritual intelligence challenging to comprehend and implement in higher education institutions. The present study findings can be of great value to higher education institutions that will recognize the importance of spiritual values in holistic development including leadership development.

This paper initiates and validate a universal set of attributes of spiritual intelligence in the higher education domain that can be useful for leadership development. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the fact that the eight new attributes of SI defined are easy to comprehend and practical to use in daily academic life, and can be used by HEIs students irrespective of their spiritual beliefs. A validated model at one university could be replicated at other universities in India and around the world, not only for students but also for educators and administrators as well.

This study aims to examine the enablers of productivity of enterprise-level Agile development process using modified total interpretative structural modeling (TISM). The two main objectives of the current study are to determine the variables influencing enterprise-level agile development productivity and to develop modified TISM for the corresponding components.

To identify enablers of the productivity of enterprise-level agile software development process a literature review and opinions of domain experts were collected. A hierarchical relationship among variables that show direct and indirect influence is created using the modified TISM (M-TISM) technique with Cross Impact Matrix-Multiplication Applied to Classification analysis. This study examined and analyzed the relationships between the determinants within the enterprise using a M-TISM technique.

With the literature review, the study could identify ten enabling factors of the productivity of Agile development process at the enterprise level. Results depict that program increment (PI) planning and scalable backlog management, continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD), agile release trains (ART), agile work culture, delivery excellence, lean and DevOps practices, value stream mapping (VMS), team skills and expertise, collaborative culture, agile coaching, customer engagement have an impact on the productivity of enterprise-level Agile development process. The results show that team collaboration, agile ways of working and customer engagement have a greater impact on productivity improvement for enterprise-level Agile development process.

The developed model is useful for organizations employing scaled Agile development processes in software development. This study provides a recommended listing of key enablers, that may enable productivity improvements in the Agile development process at the enterprise level. Strategists should focus on team collaboration and Agile project management. This study offers a modified TISM model to academicians to help them understand the effects of numerous variables on maintaining the productivity of an enterprise-level Agile. The identified characteristics and their hierarchical structure can help project managers during the execution of Agile projects at the enterprise level, more effectively, increasing their success and productivity.

The study addresses the gap in the literature by interpretative relationships between the identified enabling factors. The model validation is carried out by a panel of nine experts from several information technology organizations deploying Agile software development at the enterprise level. This unique method broadens the knowledge base in Agile software development at scale and provides project managers and practitioners with a practical foundation.