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This study aims to use a bottom-up, inductive approach to derive destination image attributes from large quantities of online consumer narratives and establish a destination classification system based on relationships among attributes and places.

Content and social network analyses were used to explore the consumer image structure for destinations based on online narratives. Cluster analysis was then used to group destinations by attributes, and ANOVA provided comparisons.

Twenty-two attributes were identified and combined into three groups (core, expected, latent). Destinations were classified into three clusters (comprehensive urban, scenic and lifestyle) based on their network centralities. Using data on Chinese tourism, the most mentioned (core) attributes were determined to be landscape, traffic within the destination, food and beverages and resource-based attractions. Social life was meaningful in consumer narratives but often overlooked by researchers.

Destinations should determine into which category they belong and then appeal to the real needs of tourists. Destination management organizations should provide the essential attributes while paying greater attention to highlighting the destinations’ social life atmosphere.

This research produced empirical work on Chinese tourism by combining a bottom-up, inductive research design with big data. It divided the 49 destinations into three categories and established a new system based on rich data to classify travel destinations.

本研究旨在使用自下而上的归纳方法从大量的在线消费者的叙述中总结出目的地形象的属性, 并根据目的地形象的属性和地点之间的关系建立一个目的地分类系统。

首先通过内容分析方法和社会网络分析方法分析在线消费者的叙述数据得出目的地的消费者形象结构, 然后采用聚类分析方法按照属性对目的地形象进行分组, 并通过方差分析进行比较。

结果显示总结出22种属性, 并将其组合为三组(核心、预期和潜在)。目的地根据其网络中心度被分为三个集群(综合城市、风景和生活方式)。最常被提及的(核心)属性是景观、目的地的交通、食品和饮料以及资源型景点。在消费者的叙述数据中表明社会生活是有意义的, 但常常被研究人员忽视。

首先本研究通过将自下而上的归纳研究设计与大数据相结合对中国旅游业进行了实证研究。其次通过将49个旅游目的地分为三类以及基于大数据建立了一个新的旅游目的地分类系统。

旅游目的地应该明确自己属于哪一类目的地类型然后迎合游客的真正需求。DMOs应该提供旅游目的地的基本属性, 注重提升旅游目的地的社会生活氛围。

Se realizó un análisis de contenido en redes sociales para explorar la estructura de la imagen de los destinos por parte de los consumidores basándose en las descripciones en línea. A continuación, se empleó el análisis de clusters para agrupar los destinos por atributos, estableciendo comparaciones mediante el análisis ANOVA.

Los propósitos de esta investigación eran utilizar un enfoque ascendente e inductivo para obtener atributos de imagen de los destinos a partir de grandes cantidades de descripciones de consumidores en línea, y establecer un sistema de clasificación de destinos basado en las relaciones entre atributos y lugares.

Se identificaron 22 atributos que luego se agruparon en tres grupos (principales, esperados, latentes). Los destinos se clasificaron en tres grupos (urbano integral, paisajístico y de estilo de vida) en función de sus centralidades de red. Utilizando datos sobre el turismo chino, se determinó que los atributos (centrales) más mencionados eran el paisaje, el tráfico dentro del destino, la comida y las bebidas, y las atracciones basadas en los recursos. La vida social era importante en los comentarios de los consumidores, pero a menudo los investigadores la pasaban por alto.

Los destinos deberían determinar a qué categoría pertenecen y luego apelar a las necesidades reales de los turistas. Los DMO deberían proporcionar los atributos esenciales prestando mayor atención a resaltar el entorno de vida social de los destinos.

Esta investigación elaboró un trabajo empírico sobre el turismo chino combinando un diseño de investigación inductiva ascendente con big data. Dividió los 49 destinos en tres categorías y estableció un nuevo sistema basado en los grandes datos para clasificar los destinos turísticos.

This paper aims to design a single and double throat oil groove structure, which can reduce the drag torque of the wet clutch.

A three-dimensional simulation model was established herein using the computational fluid dynamics method. The influence of oil groove structure on the oil film flow field and the drag torque is obtained by a simulation.

Compared with the traditional radial oil groove, the results show that the single throat oil groove structure reduces the drag torque by about 24.59%; the double throat oil groove reduces the drag torque by about 47.27%. As the speed difference increases, the average temperature rise of the oil film of the double throat oil groove is 4°C lower than that of the single throat oil groove, indicating that it has good heat dissipation performance. The analysis results were verified by experimental results.

In this paper, the radial oil groove is taken as the reference object, and the structure of the oil groove is designed and improved. The simulation analysis and experiment verify the rule of the influence of the oil groove structure on the drag torque, which provides a new design idea for reducing the drag torque of wet clutch.

The purpose of this study is to reduce the residual stress in welded workpieces, optimize the vibratory stress relief treatment process through the use of a vibration generator and enhance the durability and longevity of the workpiece by developing a vibratory stress relief robot that incorporates a multi-manipulator system.

The multi-manipulator combination work is designed so that each manipulator is deployed according to the requirements of vibration stress relief work. Each manipulator works independently and coordinates with others to achieve multi-dimensional vibratory stress relief of the workpiece. A two-degree-of-freedom mobile platform is designed to enable the transverse and longitudinal movement of the manipulator, expanding the working space of the robot. A small electromagnetic superharmonic vibration generator is designed to produce directional vibrations in any orientation. This design addresses the technical challenge of traditional vibration generators being bulky and unable to achieve directional vibrations.

The residual stress relief experiment demonstrates that the residual stress of the workpiece is reduced by approximately 73% through three-degree-of-freedom vibration. The multi-dimensional vibration effectively enhances the relief effect of residual stress, which is beneficial for improving the strength and service life of the workpiece.

A new multi-manipulator robot is proposed to alleviate the residual stress generated by workpiece welding by integrating vibratory stress relief with robotics. It is beneficial to reduce material and energy consumption while enhancing the strength and service life of the workpiece.

This study aims to investigate the influence of inventors’ abilities to acquire external knowledge, provide broad and professional knowledge and patenting output (i.e. different types of inventors) on the formation of structural holes.

The authors collected 59,798 patents applied for and granted in the USA by 33 of the largest firms worldwide in the pharmaceutical industry between 1975 and 2014. A random-effects tobit model was used to test the hypotheses.

The inventors’ ability to acquire external knowledge contributes to the formation of structural holes. While inventors’ ability to provide broad knowledge positively affects the formation of structural holes, their ability to provide professional knowledge works otherwise. In addition, key inventors and industrious inventors are more likely to form structural holes than talents.

The results identify individual factors that affect the formation of structural holes and improve the understanding of structural hole theory. This study is unique in that most scholars have studied the consequences of structural hole formation rather than their antecedents. Studies on the origin of structural holes neglect the effect of inventors’ knowledge abilities and patenting output. By addressing this gap, this study contributes to a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of structural holes. The results can guide managers in managing structural holes in accordance with inventors’ knowledge abilities and patenting outputs, which optimize the allocation of network resources.

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the accuracy as well as efficiency of high-speed machining, avoid the speed fluctuation caused by acceleration/deceleration (ACC/DEC) and increase the smoothness of feedrate in continuous corners or curves machining. The Hbot kinematic system was analyzed and combined with fused deposition modeling-based (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Then a real-time adaptive look-ahead speed control algorithm was proposed.

To validate the performance of Hbot kinematic system and the proposed speed control algorithm, the positioning accuracy of Hbot and cross structure was compared. Also, the experimental verification was conducted among FDM based 3-D printer with cross structure as well as open source speed control algorithm (FDM with cross-OS), cross structure and the proposed speed control algorithm (FDM with cross-PS) and Hbot structure, as well as the proposed speed control algorithm (FDM with Hbot-PS), respectively.

The results indicate that the Hbot kinematic system leads to the high stability of positioning accuracy due to the small motion inertia. Furthermore, the experimental verification shows that the efficiency, printing precision and surface finish of models for FDM with Hbot-PS are obviously higher than that for FDM with cross-PS as well as FDM with cross-OS, while FDM with cross-OS shows the worst performance. The contribution of Hbot kinematic system and the proposed speed control algorithm to FDM based AM technology was validated by this work.

The Hbot kinematic system and proposed speed control algorithm have the important implication of improving the accuracy of FDM machines, especially in the low-price range segment. Also, this work can help future system developers show a possible way of tackling the motion inertia problem.

The study of Hbot kinematic system and proposed algorithm are expected to advise the current research for improving the accuracy as well as the efficiency of FDM-based AM technology.