The workload of acute hospitals in the United Kingdom is largely determined by referrals by general practitioners (GPs), and there have been studies that show great variation in…
Abstract
The workload of acute hospitals in the United Kingdom is largely determined by referrals by general practitioners (GPs), and there have been studies that show great variation in the rate and pattern of referrals by different GPs. The other major route is to attend the accident and emergency department (A&E) without attending the GP. It is argued in this paper that the ‘problem’ of variations in GP must be seen in the general context of patient flows to hospital, since little is known of the relationship between referrals and self‐referrals. If it is the case that self‐referral behaviour depends on the likelihood of being referred by a GP, then differences in GP behaviour will not have a direct effect on hospital workload. Equally, changing their behaviour will not reduce the demand for hospital services. Two other options are worth considering — attempting to change the behaviour of patients by public education, and controlling access to hospital by triage. The paper sets out a research agenda to help resolve some of these issues.
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W. George Kernohan, Bernadette P. Trainor, Raynold A.B. Mollan and Charles E.M. Normand
Vibration arthrometry is a new non‐invasive technique which detects, records and analyses vibrations elicited during clinical examination of human joints. In congenital…
Abstract
Vibration arthrometry is a new non‐invasive technique which detects, records and analyses vibrations elicited during clinical examination of human joints. In congenital dislocation of the hip, the computer‐based method has been developed to achieve a more objective and earlier diagnosis than is otherwise available. This is a condition of 0.2 per cent incidence with which a child may be born or which can develop shortly after birth. If a diagnosis is achieved soon after birth, the treatment is simple, cheap and effective. However, if the disease is not diagnosed until the child is walking, treatment is complicated and expensive and the child will need lengthy hospitalisation with a poor prognosis. An evaluation was made of three options: existing screening system, higher level screening and use of the Belfast Hip Screener.
Discuss in detail the uses which might legitimately be made of the following passage by the writer of a profound study of economic life and thought in France at the end of the…
Abstract
Discuss in detail the uses which might legitimately be made of the following passage by the writer of a profound study of economic life and thought in France at the end of the reign of Louis XIV. In answering the question make full use of your knowledge of (a) historical criticism; (b) French economic and general history.
In the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries, the administrative organisation of the French state was based on the offices. Significant modifications took place during this…
Abstract
In the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries, the administrative organisation of the French state was based on the offices. Significant modifications took place during this period, from the transformation of offices as lifetime ownership in 1467 to the constitution of the casual parties in 1522 and to the ratification of the edict of annual right in 1604. Because of the state's need for financing, in particular the wars in which it is involved, the nature of offices is changed during that period of time. One of the most important impacts of those modifications is the occurrence of a commodification process of the state apparatuses. This paper highlights also the fact that the state's finances are being financialised along with the development of the state. The French case is thus characterised by a unique symbiotic relationship between the commodification of state apparatuses, the financialisation of the state's finances, and the institutional changes. This relationship is grasped through the theoretical framework of the regulation school of thoughts and is analysed based on archival work.
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The Equal Pay Act 1970 (which came into operation on 29 December 1975) provides for an “equality clause” to be written into all contracts of employment. S.1(2) (a) of the 1970 Act…
Abstract
The Equal Pay Act 1970 (which came into operation on 29 December 1975) provides for an “equality clause” to be written into all contracts of employment. S.1(2) (a) of the 1970 Act (which has been amended by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975) provides:
Le tourisme est un des aspects de la civilisation moderne, basée sur une circulation généralisée et nécessaire des personnes, des biens et des idées.
Dr. COLLINRIDGE, the Medical Officer of Health to the City of London, had occasion recently to call attention to the diseased condition of certain imported meats, and it is most…
Abstract
Dr. COLLINRIDGE, the Medical Officer of Health to the City of London, had occasion recently to call attention to the diseased condition of certain imported meats, and it is most disquieting to learn that some of these were apparently sent out from the country of origin under official certificates.