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The purpose of this paper is to present a transition detector (TD)-based radiation hardened flip-flop (TDRH-FF) for single event upset (SEU).

With SEU recovery and single event transient (SET) detector mechanism, the TDRH-FF can tolerate SEU during hold mode and generate a warning signal for architecture-level recovery during transport mode when input signal contains SET. Evaluation results show that the TDRH-FF outperforms comparable comprehensive performance.

Simulation results show that 1) the mean pulse width of the correction glitches (at full width half maximum) of TDRH-FF is less than 10 ps; 2) the area overhead of TDRH-FF is similar to the EVFERST-FF, BISER-FF and DNURHL-FF; 3) TDRH-FF has the same average power consumption as SETTOF, and moderate PDP and Ps values among these compared FFs.

In this paper, a TD-based TDRH-FF is proposed to solve the problems in the previous design. And the main contributions of the proposed TDRH-FF are summarized: Minimum size transistors are used in the proposed TD which leads to a considerable decrease in area overheads and propagation delay (resulting in an ignorable correction glitch); and compared with other radiation hardened flip-flop, TDRH-FF outperforms comparable comprehensive performance.

In order to solve the corrosion problems in the South China Sea, the purpose of this paper was to study the main influences of corrosion including temperature, H₂S content and corrosion inhibitor content in CO₂/H₂S oil field-produced water.

The corrosion products formed on the steel surface were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

The results indicate that temperature significantly influences the corrosion rate, which is a maximum at 70°C. The corrosion rate decreases as H₂S content increases which is less than 10 mg/L, but then it increases rapidly. The FeCO₃/Fe_xS_y protective film and a corrosion inhibition also were considered.

A mixture containing an imidazoline derivate and an organic amine can enhance the corrosion resistance of the corrosion product film.

A mixture containing an imidazoline derivate and an organic amine can enhance the corrosion product film corrosion resistance.

Imidazoline is one kind of environmentally safe agent which can be used in the ocean.

The corrosion can be controlled to a satisfactory extent in the presence of a mixture containing an imidazoline derivate and an organic amine.

Among the many influencing effects that the medium has on the CO₂ corrosion of carbon steel, flow is one of the most important because it can determine the formation of corrosion product scales and its stabilisation, thus influencing the attack morphology and corrosion rate. This paper aims to summarise some factors affecting aqueous CO₂ corrosion and the laboratory methodologies to evaluate one of the most important, the flow, with an emphasis on less costly rotating cage (RC) laboratory methodology.

Regarding the key factors affecting CO₂ corrosion, both well-established factors and some not well addressed in current corrosion prediction models are presented. The wall shear stress (WSS) values that can be obtained by laboratory flow simulation methodologies in pipelines and its effects over iron carbonate (FeCO₃) scales or inhibition films are discussed. In addition, promising applications of electrochemical techniques coupled to RC methodology under mild or harsh conditions are presented.

More studies could be addressed that also consider both the salting-out effects and the presence of oxygen in CO₂ corrosion. The RC methodology may be appropriate to simulate a WSS close to that obtained by laboratory flow loops, especially when using only water as the corrosive medium.

The WSS generated by the RC methodology might not be able to cause destruction of protective FeCO₃ scales or inhibition films. However, this may be an issue even when using methodologies that allow high-magnitude hydrodynamic stresses.