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Multi-level intake structures are used to take the surface water of reservoirs. The changed boundary conditions will certainly make the water hammer phenomenon more complicated. This paper aims to find out the influence and law of the water hammer pressure after setting the stop log gates.

The authors use the computational fluid dynamics method with the adaptive grid technology to stimulate the water hammer phenomenon of the multi-level intake hydropower station. In the analysis, we set several different heights of stop log gates and two representative times in the starting up and shutdown processes to reflect the impact of multi-level intake structures.

The authors find that the setting of the stop log gates will reduce the pressure during the normal operation and will increase the period and amplitude of the water hammer wave, but will not necessarily increase the maximum water hammer pressure during the shutdown process. The relationship between the height of the stop log gates and the amplitude of the water hammer wave is affected by the shutdown time. After setting stop log gates, the depression depth and wave height of the water level in front of the dam increase when the load changes.

The authors study in this paper the water pressure of the multi-level intake hydropower station that has never been studied before and obtain some laws.

Globally, the oil and gas (OG) industries are under pressure from numerous stakeholders for their sustainable operations against the backdrop of climate change, ecological damage and social challenges. Drawing on the twin theoretical frameworks of the institutional theory and dynamic capability perspective, this study aims to examine the impact of the institutional pressures and dynamic capabilities on the overall sustainability performance of OG industry.

This study uses survey method to analyze the responses from 275 middle management professionals of OG industry in India using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Further, focused group discussions with the select industry leaders validate the empirical findings of this study.

The research reveals that both institutional pressures and firm’s dynamic capabilities have significant positive impact on its economic and environmental performances in OG sector in India. However, they do not have any impact on social performance, unlike earlier findings.

The main limitation of the study is generalizability of the findings, given the cross-sectional design of the study.

Insights of this study will help regulators and policymakers in formulating effective regulatory and policy frameworks, besides creating awareness amongst the organizations to simultaneously focus on all the three aspects of sustainability performance.

The research has bearing on policy formulation and creating a regulatory ecosystem to ensure overall sustainability performance of OG industry in India.