Zhang Qian, Cui Wei, Tang Chao and Luo Yan
With the rapid development of the digital economy, an increasing number of digitalized two-sided platforms have deployed the tying strategy to leverage their market power from the…
Abstract
Purpose
With the rapid development of the digital economy, an increasing number of digitalized two-sided platforms have deployed the tying strategy to leverage their market power from the core two-sided product to other two-sided products in the competitive market, which transforms the competition among single platforms into that among platform ecological networks. To clarify the mechanism of the formation of the digital platform ecological networks, this paper aims to analyze the expansion and stability of platform ecology by exploring the impacts of network externalities and sellers’ heterogeneity on the tying strategy of two-sided platforms.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper develops a game model of two-sided platforms based on Choi and Jeon (2021), which highlights the decisive influence of non-negative price constraints (NPC) on platforms’ tying motivation. Taking the operating systems market as an example, we expand from the perspective of platform service differences to relax the NPC and explore the internal logic of platform ecosystem expansion.
Findings
Platforms have an incentive to charge lower prices or even subsidize buyers when the network externalities on the sellers’ side are relatively strong. When the product is highly differentiated and heterogenous, platforms are motivated to tie to capture more buyers with a lower price and grab excess profits from sellers. Eventually, tying is able to consolidate the two-sided platform ecological networks by excluding competitors, capturing user value and deterring entry.
Originality/value
In order to describe the characteristics of platform ecological network more generally, this paper extends the research based on the analyses of Choi and Jeon (2021) by (1) allowing horizontal differences between tied products and (2) relaxing the NPC. Unlike Choi and Jeon (2021), this paper allows platforms to charge users of two-sided platforms at negative prices (or to subsidize them). (3) Setting simultaneous pricing in two-sided platforms. Classical two-sided market theory stresses that the presence of cross-network externalities can give rise to a “chicken and egg” problem.
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Zhengyi Han, George Chen, Junzheng Cao, Zhiyuan He, Haitian Wang, Wenpeng Li and Chao Tang
The pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method is widely applied for space charge measurement in solid dielectrics. The signals, however, can be seriously distorted during transmission…
Abstract
Purpose
The pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method is widely applied for space charge measurement in solid dielectrics. The signals, however, can be seriously distorted during transmission, especially in non-planar specimens. The aim of this work is to find an efficient algorithm to correctly recover the space charge profile for different types of specimens.
Design/methodology/approach
The distortion can be associated with both geometry and material (attenuation and dispersion). Hence the recovery algorithm consists of two parts respectively. The influences of geometries, causing the divergences of electric force and acoustic waveform, can be corrected by sets of factors. The attenuation and dispersion of the material can be suppressed based on the transfer function matrix in frequency domain, which could be obtained from calibration.
Findings
A general algorithm applicable to three kinds of specimens (single-layer, multi-layer and coaxial-geometry dielectrics) has been proposed. Compared with the other two algorithms in literature, the present one offers the most accurate solution while taking relatively shorter time. In addition, this algorithm is applied on signals measured from a planar LDPE sample and the results show that the new algorithm is fairly effective with excellent stability in a real system.
Originality/value
As one of the most accurate algorithms, the present one is theoretically one third quicker than the others. This algorithm would be helpful in applications calling for large calculations, i.e. 3-D imaging of space charge distribution in XLPE cable.
Chun-Tang Chao, Ming-Tang Liu, Juing-Shian Chiou, Yi-Jung Huang and Chi-Jo Wang
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel design for determining the optimal hybrid fuzzy PID-controller of an active automobile suspension system, employing the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel design for determining the optimal hybrid fuzzy PID-controller of an active automobile suspension system, employing the gravitational search algorithm (GSA).
Design/methodology/approach
The hybrid fuzzy PID-controller structure is an improvement to fuzzy PID-controller by incorporating a fast learning PID-controller.
Findings
The GSA can adjust the parameters of the PID-controller to achieve the optimal performance.
Research limitations/implications
The GSA may have the advantage of quick convergence, but the required computation may be intensive.
Practical implications
The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on active automobile suspension system.
Originality/value
In order to demonstrate the theoretical guarantee of the proposed method, comparisons with particle swarm optimization or other methods has also been carried out.
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Yu-Jen Hsiao, Te-Chien Lo and Sheng-Che Lin
The paper investigates whether firms’ exposure to information security risk influences firms’ costs of capital. Most IT firms highly rely on computer systems and network…
Abstract
The paper investigates whether firms’ exposure to information security risk influences firms’ costs of capital. Most IT firms highly rely on computer systems and network appliances; it may cause disasters if firms are involved in great information security risk. In the sample of Taiwan’s semiconductor firms during 2005–2016, we show that ISO 27001-certified firms (a well-known information security certificate) have lower costs of debt, but whether firms are ISO 27001-certified is not associated with firms’ costs of equity. Our findings are consistent with modern financial theories: debt holders, as put writers to firms’ value, benefit from firms’ lower information security risk, and better corporate governance, and thus lower firms’ costs of debt. On the other hand, equity holders should hold efficient portfolio through diversification and thus firms’ costs of equity should not be influenced by firms’ information security risk, which belongs to idiosyncratic risk in the portfolio theory.
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Ayşen Akbaş Tuna and Zafer Türkmendağ
Cyber management of organizations includes eliminating security gaps, ensuring information confidentiality, and protecting customers' data. In addition, production and planning…
Abstract
Cyber management of organizations includes eliminating security gaps, ensuring information confidentiality, and protecting customers' data. In addition, production and planning, protecting cyber and digital infrastructure are included in the chapter. The chapter deals with these issues in the context of strategy and management. In addition, the conflicts arising from competitors to access the tacit knowledge (confidential information, commercial secrets, commercial relations, customers, and tenders) of the businesses are discussed in the chapter. Cyber conflicts have now turned into a business-to-business war. Businesses have become targets in cyberwars. This chapter, therefore, examines these issues in depth.
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While Hong Kong has exercised laissez-faire policy with regard to popular cultural industries, such broadcasting freedom may not fully accepted in countries where state control of…
Abstract
Purpose
While Hong Kong has exercised laissez-faire policy with regard to popular cultural industries, such broadcasting freedom may not fully accepted in countries where state control of the media is tight. This paper aims to have a review and brief discussion on music development and the phenomenon of popular music censorship under Chinese societies including China, Hong Kong and Singapore.
Design/methodology/approach
After a brief discussion on the popular music scene in Hong Kong, China and Singapore, this paper reviews on the possible reasons for popular music censorship issue in the Chinese societies.
Findings
It is found that Canto-pop can be freely broadcast in Hong Kong; however, such freedom is not accepted in China and Singapore due to censorship. While China is sensitive to pro-democratic content in popular music, Singapore's language policies hinder the development of Canto-pop since the 70s.
Originality/value
After reviewing the reasons for music censorship, in particular Cantonese popular music in the Chinese societies, the paper gives a prediction on the future development of Canto-pop.
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The purpose of this paper is to: give a brief history of the development of complexity science for people unfamiliar with the details of complexity science; describe the different…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to: give a brief history of the development of complexity science for people unfamiliar with the details of complexity science; describe the different types of complexity; discuss examples of the types of complexity, and introduce some ideas about how complexity could be introduced into education.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper summarizes other work in the field of complexity science, and organizes the results in a new way with the intent of making a difficult subject easier for the reader to understand.
Findings
Two different types of complexity are described – organized and unorganized. The focus of the paper is on organized complexity of which three categories are described – complicated, chaotic and critical. Examples, descriptions and characteristics of each category are given.
Practical implications
Suggestions are given as to how this transformational science could be integrated into education.
Originality/value
The paper summarizes other work in the field of complexity science, and organizes the results in a new way with the intent of making a difficult subject easier for the reader to understand.
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Sodiq Olalekan Omoola, Kazeem Kayode Bakare and Aminu Haliru Salame
This paper examines the relationship between university resources and student complaint management in Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs). The paper is premised on…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the relationship between university resources and student complaint management in Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs). The paper is premised on organisational justice theory (OJT), which conceptualizes complaint handling, satisfaction and fairness among stakeholders in the educational domain.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a quantitative method using a survey research design. An online survey is administered to 381 students in three selected HEIs in Malaysia. Data are analysed and tested using the SmartPLS 3.0 algorithm to evaluate measurement and structural models.
Findings
Students’ experience in the use of online and offline university resources varies across different levels of education. The findings indicate that offline and online resources contribute substantially to students’ complaints. This study establishes the significance of an effective complaint-handling mechanism for continuous feedback and improvement in HEIs.
Originality/value
Within the context of policy in HEIs, the originality of this paper lies in its focus on the relationship between resources and student complaints based on the diverse complaint-handling mechanisms in Malaysian HEIs.
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Chao Chen, Llewellyn Tang, Craig Matthew Hancock and Penghe Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development of an innovative mobile laser scanning (MLS) method for 3D indoor mapping. The generally accepted and used procedure for…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development of an innovative mobile laser scanning (MLS) method for 3D indoor mapping. The generally accepted and used procedure for this type of mapping is usually performed using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) which is high-cost and time-consuming. Compared with conventional TLS, the developed method proposes a new idea with advantages of low-cost, high mobility and time saving on the implementation of a 3D indoor mapping.
Design/methodology/approach
This method integrates a low-cost 2D laser scanner with two indoor positioning techniques – ultra-wide band (UWB) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), to implement a 3D MLS for reality captures from an experimental indoor environment through developed programming algorithms. In addition, a reference experiment by using conventional TLS was also conducted under the same conditions for scan result comparison to validate the feasibility of the developed method.
Findings
The findings include: preset UWB system integrated with a low-cost IMU can provide a reliable positioning method for indoor environment; scan results from a portable 2D laser scanner integrated with a motion trajectory from the IMU/UWB positioning approach is able to generate a 3D point cloud based in an indoor environment; and the limitations on hardware, accuracy, automation and the positioning approach are also summarized in this study.
Research limitations/implications
As the main advantage of the developed method is low-cost, it may limit the automation of the method due to the consideration of the cost control. Robotic carriers and higher-performance 2D laser scanners can be applied to realize panoramic and higher-quality scan results for improvements of the method.
Practical implications
Moreover, during the practical application, the UWB system can be disturbed by variances of the indoor environment, which can affect the positioning accuracy in practice. More advanced algorithms are also needed to optimize the automatic data processing for reducing errors caused by manual operations.
Originality/value
The development of this MLS method provides a novel idea that integrates data from heterogeneous systems or sensors to realize a practical aim of indoor mapping, and meanwhile promote the current laser scanning technology to a lower-cost, more flexible, more portable and less time-consuming trend.
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Chao Li, Soucheng OuYang and Maocang Tang
Based on the theory of blown‐ups, as described by OuYang in 1995 and 1994, for nonlinear dynamic systems on general pansystems transformation, optimization and panderivatives…
Abstract
Based on the theory of blown‐ups, as described by OuYang in 1995 and 1994, for nonlinear dynamic systems on general pansystems transformation, optimization and panderivatives, etc., in this paper, we employ the method, developed in OuYang (1994), to show that the blown‐ups of the nonlinear heat conductive equation is similar to the evolution of observable ground temperature “currents”. According to this analysis, we conduct a simulation based on the historical data of Tang Shan Earthquake in 1976. The simulation results show that: the blown‐ups of the ground temperature “currents” around the earthquake area can be applied to predict forthcoming earthquakes. As for the most disastrous Tang Shan Earthquake, the prediction time is about five months in advance. If the ground temperature “current” that embodies the earth’s crust movement satisfies the unintegrable panderivative equation, we can with enough information demonstrate blown‐up mechanism and forecast relevant earthquakes.