Jie Yu, Changjun Yi, Jian Huang and Huiyun Shen
The current literature lacks discussion on the effects of synergy among multiple factors at different levels on foreign subsidiary performance. The purpose of this paper is to…
Abstract
Purpose
The current literature lacks discussion on the effects of synergy among multiple factors at different levels on foreign subsidiary performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the configuration of factors affecting foreign subsidiary performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology adopted in this paper is the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The data are obtained from 125 foreign subsidiaries of Chinese MNCs through questionnaire surveys and secondary data.
Findings
The research results reveal that five configurations of antecedent conditions predict high foreign subsidiary performance, and the other two configurations predict not-high performance.
Research limitations/implications
This paper’s main limitation is its only focus on foreign subsidiaries of Chinese MNCs, which means that the findings should be generalized with precaution. The most valuable implication is to identify the configurations that lead to high and not-high foreign subsidiary performance.
Practical implications
This paper addresses the question of how interdependent factors at the national and corporate level are beneficial to foreign subsidiaries’ performance.
Originality/value
This study makes the following contributions to current theories: It provides (1) new insights for understanding the complex causality between antecedent conditions and foreign subsidiary performance and (2) a practical reference for the multinational operations of foreign subsidiaries.
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Yun Zhan and Changjun Yi
This paper investigates the effect of business environment distance on innovation performance of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) and explores the mediating…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper investigates the effect of business environment distance on innovation performance of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) and explores the mediating effect of absorptive capacity between the two, and it further analyzes the moderating effect of skilled migrants in the relationship between business environment distance and absorptive capacity.
Design/methodology/approach
An empirical analysis based on a fixed effect model is conducted using data of Chinese MNEs listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock that expand into developed markets from 2011 to 2018.
Findings
The results suggest business environment distance positively affects the innovation performance of EMNEs, and can enhance innovation performance by affecting absorptive capacity of EMNEs. In addition, skilled migrants strengthen the relationship between business environment distance and absorptive capacity of EMNEs.
Practical implications
Chinese MNEs should fully exploit business environment distance to acquire the technology needed for innovation activities, and strengthen absorptive capacity to maximize the benefits from innovation. Chinese government needs to strengthen the construction of skilled migrants to facilitate knowledge and technology transfer.
Originality/value
Combining springboard theory and institutional theory, this paper integrates macro and micro perspectives to explore whether and how business environment distance affects innovation performance of Chinese MNEs. The paper provides a good theoretical basis and important practical reference value for enhancing the technological innovation capability of Chinese MNEs and the overall technological innovation level of China.
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Jie Yu, Changjun Yi and Huiyun Shen
This paper aims to study whether the adoption of an entry mode that fits the social trust level contributes to the improvement of foreign subsidiary performance.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study whether the adoption of an entry mode that fits the social trust level contributes to the improvement of foreign subsidiary performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the Probit model, linear regression, strategic fit approach and instrumental variable regression. The sample was made up of 11,095 observations of Chinese multinational enterprises' foreign subsidiaries in 54 countries from 2005 to 2020.
Findings
The results suggest that a host country with a high level of social trust results in fewer difficulties for enterprises in gaining legitimacy, thus foreign subsidiaries are more likely to select the wholly owned entry mode. The results also show that the effect is contingent on the formal institutions of host countries. The results of the mechanism test suggest that social trust influences subsidiaries' entry mode choice by reducing information asymmetry, costs and uncertainty risks. This study further finds that selecting a fit entry mode based on social trust level substantially increases foreign subsidiary performance and this effect is more significant when multinational enterprises (MNEs) are state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this paper is its only focus on foreign subsidiaries of Chinese MNEs, which may limit the generalizability of research findings.
Originality/value
This paper responds to the call for conducting more research on informal institutions. Findings highlight the critical role of informal institutions in helping foreign subsidiaries in gaining legitimacy in host countries and the essentialness of selecting a fit entry mode based on the informal institutions of host countries for the development of foreign subsidiaries.
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Chusheng Chen, Yun Zhan, Changjun Yi, Xue Li and Yenchun Jim Wu
This study investigates the effect of psychic distance (PD) on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational firms originating in emerging economies and the moderating…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the effect of psychic distance (PD) on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational firms originating in emerging economies and the moderating effect of firm heterogeneity on this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
An empirical analysis based on a negative binomial regression model is conducted using OFDI data from 2008 to 2017 on companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China, an emerging economy.
Findings
The results suggest a U-shaped relationship between PD and OFDI by firms in emerging economies. Both executive foreign experience and state ownership negatively moderate the U-shaped relationship between PD and OFDI.
Practical implications
Emerging economies should encourage and guide multinational firms in engaging in OFDI and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of PD for multinational firms. Additionally, non-sate-owned firms should recruit those who have a foreign education to provide support for OFDI by firms in emerging economies. Multinational firms should determine investment locations by consulting with executives with foreign experience to improve their ability to engage in OFDI.
Originality/value
This study combines macro and micro perspectives and integrates PD and firm heterogeneity into the same model with a sample of multinational firms originating in China. The findings support the existence of a PD paradox, which helps to enriching the theory on foreign direct investment.
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Changjun Yi, Chuwei Li, Chun Yan, Minmin Guo and Xiaoyang Zhao
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the negative expectation–performance gap on the internationalization speed as well as the moderating role of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the negative expectation–performance gap on the internationalization speed as well as the moderating role of organizational slack, based on the performance feedback theory and the springboard perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes the Chinese A-share listed companies engaged in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) between 2010 and 2022 as the research sample. A two-way fixed effects model is employed to test the research hypotheses, using a dataset comprising 6,868 observations.
Findings
The findings show that there is a positive relationship between the negative expectation–performance gap and internationalization speed for Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs). In addition, this effect is stronger in private CMNEs. Furthermore, the relationship is negatively moderated by organizational slack. Additional findings suggest that that negative industry expectation-performance gap has a stronger impact on the internationalization speed. The moderating effect of unabsorbed slack resources is more pronounced.
Practical implications
When emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) face the dilemma of underperforming, they may consider a rapid internationalization strategy as a solution to improve performance. However, EMNEs should be wary of falling into a resource trap. Organizational slack reduces managers’ incentives to identify issues associated with negative performance feedback, thereby diminishing the likelihood of addressing performance challenges through rapid internationalization. For state-owned EMNEs, optimizing organizational structure and improving the efficiency of responses to negative performance feedback are essential.
Originality/value
Unlike previous studies, this paper integrates performance feedback theory and the springboard perspective to explore in depth the relationship between performance feedback, internationalization speed and organizational slack within the context of managers’ cognitive and decision-making mechanisms. It also examines the distinct impacts of historical and industry negative expectation–performance gaps as well as the different moderating roles of absorbed and unabsorbed organizational slack, which have not been explored together before.
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Changjun Yi, Yun Zhan, Jipeng Zhang and Xiaoyang Zhao
This study investigates the effect of ownership structure – ownership concentration and firm ownership – on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by emerging market…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the effect of ownership structure – ownership concentration and firm ownership – on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs), and further explores the moderating effects of international experience and migrant networks on this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
Data of Chinese MNEs listed on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges between 2005 and 2016 are used. The empirical analysis is based on the negative binomial regression model.
Findings
The empirical results reveal a significant inverted-U relationship between ownership concentration and OFDI by EMNEs. State ownership is found to have a positive effect on OFDI by EMNEs. Both international experience and migrant networks strengthen the inverted-U relationship between ownership concentration and OFDI as well as the positive effect of state ownership on OFDI by EMNEs.
Practical implications
EMNEs need to maintain a moderate ownership concentration when conducting OFDI, and they are supposed to make full use of their own international experience and focus on migrant networks of the host country. Policy-makers in emerging economies need to better create a fair business environment for enterprises.
Originality/value
Combining agency theory and the resource-based view, this study integrates ownership structure, firm-level heterogeneous resources – international experience and country-level heterogeneous resources – migration networks into a framework to study OFDI by EMNEs, which expands the scope of research in international business.
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Yang Xin, Yi Liu, Zhi Liu, Xuemei Zhu, Lingshuang Kong, Dongmei Wei, Wei Jiang and Jun Chang
Biometric systems are widely used for face recognition. They have rapidly developed in recent years. Compared with other approaches, such as fingerprint recognition, handwriting…
Abstract
Purpose
Biometric systems are widely used for face recognition. They have rapidly developed in recent years. Compared with other approaches, such as fingerprint recognition, handwriting verification and retinal and iris scanning, face recognition is more straightforward, user friendly and extensively used. The aforementioned approaches, including face recognition, are vulnerable to malicious attacks by impostors; in such cases, face liveness detection comes in handy to ensure both accuracy and robustness. Liveness is an important feature that reflects physiological signs and differentiates artificial from real biometric traits. This paper aims to provide a simple path for the future development of more robust and accurate liveness detection approaches.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses about introduction to the face biometric system, liveness detection in face recognition system and comparisons between the different discussed works of existing measures.
Originality/value
This paper presents an overview, comparison and discussion of proposed face liveness detection methods to provide a reference for the future development of more robust and accurate liveness detection approaches.
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Pengzhen Lu, Yu Ding, Ying Wu, Changjun He, Liu Yang and Yang Li
(1) The shear lag effect and its additional deflection contribution to composite beams based on spatial grid elements were presented. (2) A refined spatial grid element analysis…
Abstract
Purpose
(1) The shear lag effect and its additional deflection contribution to composite beams based on spatial grid elements were presented. (2) A refined spatial grid element analysis method that can simultaneously obtain the internal forces, displacements and stresses of various parts of a composite beam.
Design/methodology/approach
A refined spatial grid element analysis method.
Findings
The proposed method can directly obtain the internal forces and displacements of the joints of the composite beam roof, floor and web.
Originality/value
To comprehensively comprehend the mechanical behavior of double-girder steel plate composite girder bridge structures and facilitate refined analysis, this paper introduces a refined spatial grid element analysis model applicable to both the global and local domains.
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Since 2017, China's digital economy has accounted for more than 30% of the country's GDP. The digital economy has become the main driving force of China's economic development…
Abstract
Purpose
Since 2017, China's digital economy has accounted for more than 30% of the country's GDP. The digital economy has become the main driving force of China's economic development. Moreover, the digital economy has also changed the traditional modes of production and distribution between urban and rural areas. This paper aims to explore the influential mechanism of digital economy infrastructure (DEI) on the urban-rural income gap (URIG).
Design/methodology/approach
By analyzing the theoretical model of the URIG, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework and clarifies the key roles of rural land circulation (RLC) and resident population urbanization (RPU) in the relationship between DEI and the URIG.
Findings
The DEI can effectively reduce the URIG; the regression coefficient (RC) was −0.109. The reduction effect is mainly reflected in: 1) the wage income gap between urban and rural residents (RC = −0.128) and 2) the net property income gap of urban and rural residents (RC = −0.321). Also, for the spatial spillover effect, the path effect of “DEI – RLC – URIG” is almost equal to the path effect of “DEI – RPU – URIG”; for the local effect, the path effect of the former is far smaller than the latter. Moreover, when the RPU reaches the threshold of 86.29%, the DEI will expand the URIG (RC = 0.201).
Originality/value
This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the impact of DEI on the URIG, explores the mechanism of RLC and RPU in the DEI and URIG and enriches the theory of traditional research on URIG.
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In order to solve the current imbalance of academic resources within the discipline, this article builds a three-dimensional talent evaluation model based on the…
Abstract
Purpose
In order to solve the current imbalance of academic resources within the discipline, this article builds a three-dimensional talent evaluation model based on the topic–author–citation based on the z index and proposes the ZAS index to evaluate scholars on different research topics within the discipline.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the sample data of the CSSCI journals in the discipline of physical education in the past five years, the keywords were classified into 13 categories of research topics including female sports. The ZAS index of scholars on topic of female sports and so on was calculated, and quantitative indexes such as h index p index and z index were calculated. Comparative analysis of the evaluation effect was performed.
Findings
It is found that compared with the h index and p index, the z index achieves a better balance between the quantity, quality and citation distribution of scholars' results and effectively recognizes that the citation quality is higher and the number of citations of each paper is more balanced. In addition, compared to the z index, this article is based on a ZAS index model with an improved three-dimensional topic–author–citation relationship in research fields such as female sports.
Originality/value
It can identify some outstanding scholars who are engaged in small-scale or emerging topic research such as female sports and are excellent in different research areas. Talents create an objective and fair evaluation environment. At the same time, the ranking ability of ZAS indicators in the evaluation of talents is the strongest, and it is expected to be used in practical evaluations.