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Publication date: 12 April 2024

Celia Rufo-Martín, Ramiro Mantecón, Geroge Youssef, Henar Miguelez and Jose Díaz-Álvarez

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a remarkable biocompatible material for bone cement and regeneration. It is also considered 3D printable but requires in-depth…

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Abstract

Purpose

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a remarkable biocompatible material for bone cement and regeneration. It is also considered 3D printable but requires in-depth process–structure–properties studies. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic effects of processing parameters and sterilization on PMMA-based implants.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach comprised manufacturing samples with different raster angle orientations to capitalize on the influence of the filament alignment with the loading direction. One sample set was sterilized using an autoclave, while another was kept as a reference. The samples underwent a comprehensive characterization regimen of mechanical tension, compression and flexural testing. Thermal and microscale mechanical properties were also analyzed to explore the extent of the appreciated modifications as a function of processing conditions.

Findings

Thermal and microscale mechanical properties remained almost unaltered, whereas the mesoscale mechanical behavior varied from the as-printed to the after-autoclaving specimens. Although the mechanical behavior reported a pronounced dependence on the printing orientation, sterilization had minimal effects on the properties of 3D printed PMMA structures. Nonetheless, notable changes in appearance were attributed, and heat reversed as a response to thermally driven conformational rearrangements of the molecules.

Originality/value

This research further deepens the viability of 3D printed PMMA for biomedical applications, contributing to the overall comprehension of the polymer and the thermal processes associated with its implementation in biomedical applications, including personalized implants.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 12 April 2022

Ramiro Mantecón, Celia Rufo-Martín, Rodrigo Castellanos and José Diaz-Alvarez

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is booming as a manufacturing technique in several industrial fields because of its ease of use, the simple-to-meet requirements for its machinery…

161

Abstract

Purpose

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is booming as a manufacturing technique in several industrial fields because of its ease of use, the simple-to-meet requirements for its machinery and the possibility to manufacture individual specimens cost-effectively. However, there are still large variations in the mechanical properties of the prints dependent on the process parameters, and there are many discrepancies in the literature as to which are the optimal parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, thermal evolution of the printed specimens is set as the main focus and some phenomena that affect this evolution are explored to differentiate their effects on the mechanical properties in FDM. Interlayer waiting times, the thermal effects of the position of the extruder relative to the specimens and the printing layout are assessed. Thermal measurements are acquired during deposition and tensile tests are performed on the specimens, correlating the mechanical behavior with the thermal evolution during printing.

Findings

Additional waiting times do not present significant differences in the prints. Thermal stabilization of the material is observed to be faster than whole layer deposition. The layout is seen to affect the thermal gradients in the printed specimens and increase the fragility. Strain at breakage variations up to 64% are found depending on the layout.

Originality/value

This study opens new research and technological discussions on the optimal settings for the manufacturing of high-performance mechanical components with FDM through the study of the thermal gradients generated in the printed specimens.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 28 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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