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Publication date: 1 December 2000

Carol Pound, Lisa Duizer and Katie McDowell

Consumer responses of attribute liking and intensity as well as overall liking of commercial chocolate were evaluated in four types of testing situations (central location…

1161

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Consumer responses of attribute liking and intensity as well as overall liking of commercial chocolate were evaluated in four types of testing situations (central location, in‐home, teaching laboratory and formal sensory laboratory). The aim was to determine if there were differences in these responses based on testing situation. This was also an attempt to evaluate and validate the use of in‐home testing for product development samples. Perceptions of certain attributes were found to differ in different testing situations but liking scores of these attributes did not. Consumers were more critical of attributes when tested in a formal sensory laboratory. All four locations tested gave similar results, meaning that, conducting sensory panels at home is as valid a method of collecting consumer opinion as traditional locations. It should be noted that the use of a formal sensory laboratory might have an impact on cost effectiveness of new product development. Results are more likely to indicate the need to continue formulation in order to perfect attribute scores, although this may not actually improve consumer‐liking scores. This continued product development only serves to increase the costs and slow the speed to market.

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British Food Journal, vol. 102 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Economics of Art and Culture Invited Papers at the 12th International Conference of the Association of Cultural Economics International
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44450-995-6

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Publication date: 1 March 1995

Jamal Abu‐Rashed, Lance Cameron and Carol H. Rankin

In late July 1993, the European Monetary System threatened tounravel. The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), which ties EuropeanCommunity members′ currencies together, faced the…

887

Abstract

In late July 1993, the European Monetary System threatened to unravel. The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), which ties European Community members′ currencies together, faced the possibility of collapse as the French franc and other currencies pushed perilously close to the permissible bounds of fluctuation despite massive intervention by central banks. Similar conditions had forced the British pound sterling and Italian lira out of the ERM in September 1992. The short‐term resolution of the crisis was the decision to widen the permissible bounds of fluctuation. Examines the events leading to the ERM crisis, and the implications of the crisis and its resolution on the future of European economic integration are also examined. Finally, discusses the likely future of European economic and monetary union given the current economic and political climate of member countries.

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Management Decision, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Publication date: 1 April 2002

Richard F. Kosobud, Houston H. Stokes and Carol D. Tallarico

A new financial asset (Allotment Trading Unit or ATU) that allows a firm to pollute was issued to a number of Chicago firms in 2000 as part of a cap‐and‐trade model to reduce…

299

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A new financial asset (Allotment Trading Unit or ATU) that allows a firm to pollute was issued to a number of Chicago firms in 2000 as part of a cap‐and‐trade model to reduce emissions in the Chicago area. A model of this market was developed to enable us to: 1.) Estimate equilibrium tradable credit prices and quantities and calculate compliance costs for comparison with traditional environmental regulation; 2.) Estimate the consequences for prices and quantities of introducing changing emitter costs; and 3.) Estimate the impacts on prices and quantities of changing market features such as auctioning tradable credits instead of a free allocation, introducing spatial constraints, and changing the emissions cap. The model's results on the price determination of this new financial asset are of interest to accountants and financial analysts. A dated bankable ATU credit has a one‐year life expectancy, but future tradable credits can be bought or sold for use at the appropriate future date. It is an intangible asset that should be disclosed, measured and valued. The valuation to place on this asset is an important research topic in finance and accounting and various valuation approaches are discussed to handle the short‐term and long‐term price paths.

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Publication date: 1 January 1988

Carol Farmer

Americans are still chasing the heritage of the American Dream passed on to them by their parents. But there are differences between the expectations of the dream and the reality…

203

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Americans are still chasing the heritage of the American Dream passed on to them by their parents. But there are differences between the expectations of the dream and the reality of Americans' perceptions of their lives today. This makes marketing to this generation a highly complex operation. Carol Farmer looks at the American social pattern and the radical changes in retailing which it has sparked off. This is a summarised version of a paper delivered to the International Retail Conference of the Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute, recently held in Zurich.

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Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 16 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-2363

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Publication date: 1 February 1986

A recent bestseller by Stephen King, Thinner, is a thriller about a gypsy curse. Billy Halleck, a successful lawyer who is fifty pounds overweight, accidentally sideswipes an old…

18

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A recent bestseller by Stephen King, Thinner, is a thriller about a gypsy curse. Billy Halleck, a successful lawyer who is fifty pounds overweight, accidentally sideswipes an old gypsy woman whose father puts a terrible curse on him: he will grow thinner and thinner until he dies. When the book ends, it is 6 weeks later and Billy is ninety‐three pounds lighter with “the powers of evil melting his flesh away.”

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Collection Building, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0160-4953

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Publication date: 1 June 1982

Another Christmas month is upon us, following it seems quickly on others that have been. Such is the relativity of Time, it is not yesteryear, but could be yester‐month or even…

252

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Another Christmas month is upon us, following it seems quickly on others that have been. Such is the relativity of Time, it is not yesteryear, but could be yester‐month or even yester‐week. The seasons pass like youth, all too soon. Our minds return to other Christmas months of yore — “Memories are like Christmas roses!”, the old saying goes. The children, singing much‐loved hymns and carols, happy family settings, a birth, christening, so much to look forward to in the new year. There are not always such happy memories, but memories just the same — Christmas in war‐time, Earth's joys growing dimmer each year, change and decay, life drawing to a close for many a soul; old folk tend to see Christmas as a time of passing, of leaving the world behind.

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British Food Journal, vol. 84 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Publication date: 1 March 2013

John F. Sacco and Gerard R. Busheé

This paper analyzes the impact of economic downturns on the revenue and expense sides of city financing for the period 2003 to 2009 using a convenience sample of the audited end…

887

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This paper analyzes the impact of economic downturns on the revenue and expense sides of city financing for the period 2003 to 2009 using a convenience sample of the audited end of year financial reports for thirty midsized US cities. The analysis focuses on whether and how quickly and how extensively revenue and spending directions from past years are altered by recessions. A seven year series of Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) data serves to explore whether citiesʼ revenues and spending, especially the traditional property tax and core functions such as public safety and infrastructure withstood the brief 2001 and the persistent 2007 recessions? The findings point to consumption (spending) over stability (revenue minus expense) for the recession of 2007, particularly in 2008 and 2009.

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Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1096-3367

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Publication date: 1 November 1999

John C. Soper

Considers the macroeconomic effects of European monetary union and the launch of the euro, suggesting that it offers major advantages to European traders, investors and consumers…

1688

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Considers the macroeconomic effects of European monetary union and the launch of the euro, suggesting that it offers major advantages to European traders, investors and consumers by reducing transaction costs, currency risks and information costs. Recognizes some problems, e.g. transition costs, increased competition in financial services; and the uncertainty surrounding the powers of the European Central Bank (ECB) and effects on national economic policies. Discusses the pros and cons of remaining outside the euro zone; and the likelihood that governments will push the ECB into accelerating monetary growth in order to reduce unemployment.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 25 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Publication date: 1 February 1976

Americus

“What are the trends?” is a question asked in every phase of business enterprise today. The coatings industry is no exception. Certainly, over the years there has been a large…

29

Abstract

“What are the trends?” is a question asked in every phase of business enterprise today. The coatings industry is no exception. Certainly, over the years there has been a large number of trends that have, on the one hand, obsoleted existing practice and products and have, on the other hand, created important new opportunities. The demise of linseed oil; the achievement of a dominant position by water‐based architectural paints; the halting of the growth of alkyd resins; the advent of automated procedures for the application of industrial coatings of which coil coating is, of course, an example; the use of, more highly functional vehicles in maintenance paints—these are all examples of trends, the early recognition of which made possible the kind of business planning which leads ultimately to profitability.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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