Carlo Raffo, Andy Lovatt, Mark Banks and Justin O’Connor
Reports on an ESRC‐funded, in‐depth qualitative research project into 50 micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the cultural industries. Our evidence sheds light on the extent to…
Abstract
Reports on an ESRC‐funded, in‐depth qualitative research project into 50 micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the cultural industries. Our evidence sheds light on the extent to which the teaching and learning strategies adopted by higher education, further education and other VET providers are effective in providing entrepreneurship education and training for this innovative, high skill sector. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs in this sector learn best by being able to experiment with ideas, by “doing” and networking with others and by working with more experienced mentors in their sector. The article concludes by suggesting a more “naturalistic” approach to teaching and learning entrepreneurship for micro and small businesses in the cultural industries sector.
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A “critical case” approach is used to examinewhether the recruitment practices and proceduresadvocated by social scientists within the personnelfield are realised in practice. The…
Abstract
A “critical case” approach is used to examine whether the recruitment practices and procedures advocated by social scientists within the personnel field are realised in practice. The “critical case” selected is the graduate recruitment known as the “milkround”, where “scientific techniques” in theory stand the best chance of being used. In practice a major discrepancy between theory and practice was found, which is explained in terms of the preoccupation with material and symbolic security that conditions the actions of personnel managers in competitively co‐ordinated employment establishments.
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Drastic reductions in financial and personal support for public education over the last years in Germany seem to open gateways to ‘new’ acceptance of punishment in the realm of…
Abstract
Drastic reductions in financial and personal support for public education over the last years in Germany seem to open gateways to ‘new’ acceptance of punishment in the realm of pedagogy. This ‘discourse’ is clandestine in theory, hidden from the public but real in institutions of the child and young people welfare system. They intensify the penalisation of their ‘drop-out’ clientele. The special schools for pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) tend to act in that way, too. Particularly children and young people living in poverty are on the agenda of this new trend to penalise ‘deviant’ behaviour.
Programmes, trainings and drills are available. They are meant to help social workers and teacher in their position with new aims and functions. In their daily routine, most of them are overburdened and overloaded, because classes are overfilled and the number of families in the communal welfare system is growing rapidly, due to the so-called ‘Hartz IV’ legislative for unemployed families. This new trend is also a market place for the media; they launched an emergency call on education.
Some punitive praxis is contradictory to the human rights and the children rights, so that all professors for SEBD in Germany published a public declaration against the breaking up of the agreement of an education without violence. There is no empirical evidence for any positive outcome of such ‘pedagogy’. Despite all ‘modern’ promises, working with fear, anxiety, shame and punishment doesn't pay in the long run.
This chapter clarifies the relationship between socio-economic development and this ‘law and order’ pedagogy, the loss of professional standards and the psychodynamic consequences for pupils labelled as ‘deviant’.
The Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, has recently issued a most useful guide to manufacturers, advertisers and importers of food, drugs and cosmetics. The guide…
Abstract
The Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, has recently issued a most useful guide to manufacturers, advertisers and importers of food, drugs and cosmetics. The guide has been produced by the Inspection Services of the Food and Drug Directorate. This Department is in the habit of giving advice and opinions to manufacturers who submit labels or advertisements for its consideration, and sometimes suggests modifications thought likely to be satisfactory. The Department has no power to give actual approval or to usurp the function of Courts of Law. In general, there is a great similarity between the requirements of the Dominion and those of Great Britain in the matter of labels and advertisements. But Canada—very wisely, as we think—has not followed the bad example set in the mother country by the Ministry of Food a few years ago when—in defiance of the opinions of nearly all competent persons—the Ministry suddenly decided to emasculate its Food Standards and Labelling Division. The present position is that the admirably informative and helpful yellow book, published in 1949, is now out of date and that manufacturers for years have been unable to obtain the guidance and assistance which used to be available from the Ministry. There have been recent signs that the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food may be willing before long to issue some guidance to the British public which will protect them against imposture. As is shown by the sea‐salmon prosecution reported at page 84, there is still plenty of scope for such protection. We have no doubt that as soon as the consolidated Food and Drugs Acts—that for Scotland as well as that for the remainder of the United Kingdom—and the Regulations to be made under them have become effective, a comprehensive guide, based on the yellow book of 1949, ought to be issued by the Ministry in the interests of traders and consumers. We are less sure that it will be.
The purpose of this paper is to develop, extend and propose an improved proportional integral derivative (PID) rate control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle based on a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop, extend and propose an improved proportional integral derivative (PID) rate control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle based on a convexity-based surrogated firefly algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
An improved PID controller structure is proposed for the rate dynamics of the quadrotor. Optimality of the controller is ensured by a recent, simple yet efficient firefly optimization method. The hybrid structure is further enhanced with a convexity-based surrogated model function.
Findings
Monte Carlo, transient response, error metrics and histogram distribution analyzes are conducted to show the performance of the proposed controller. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated under various convex combination values to further investigate the effect of the proposed surrogated model. According to the results, the proposed method is capable of controlling the rate quadrotor dynamics with the steady-state error of 0.0023 (rad/s) for P, −0.0024 (rad/s) for Q and 0 (rad/s) for the R state, respectively. Also, the least mean objective value is achieved at = 0 value of convexity in Monte Carlo trials.
Originality/value
The originality of this paper is to propose an improved PID rate controller with a convexity-based surrogated firefly algorithm.
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The purpose of this paper is to present an improved particle filter-based attitude estimator for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that addresses the degeneracy issues.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an improved particle filter-based attitude estimator for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that addresses the degeneracy issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Control of a quadrotor is not sufficient enough without an estimator to eliminate the noise from low-cost sensors. In this work, particle filter-based attitude estimator is proposed and used for nonlinear quadrotor dynamics. But, since recursive Bayesian estimation steps may rise degeneracy issues, the proposed scheme is improved with four different and widely used resampling algorithms.
Findings
Robustness of the proposed schemes is tested under various scenarios that include different levels of uncertainty and different particle sizes. Statistical analyses are conducted to assess the error performance of the schemes. According to the statistical analysis, the proposed estimators are capable of reducing sensor noise up to 5x, increasing signal to noise ratio up to 2.5x and reducing the uncertainty bounds up to 36x with root mean square value of as low as 0.0024, mean absolute error value of 0.036, respectively.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the originality of this paper is to propose a robust particle filter-based attitude estimator to eliminate the low-cost sensor errors of quadrotor UAVs.
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There are very few individuals who have studied the question of weights and measures who do not most strongly favour the decimal system. The disadvantages of the weights and…
Abstract
There are very few individuals who have studied the question of weights and measures who do not most strongly favour the decimal system. The disadvantages of the weights and measures at present in use in the United Kingdom are indeed manifold. At the very commencement of life the schoolboy is expected to commit to memory the conglomerate mass of facts and figures which he usually refers to as “Tables,” and in this way the greater part of twelve months is absorbed. And when he has so learned them, what is the result? Immediately he leaves school he forgets the whole of them, unless he happens to enter a business‐house in which some of them are still in use; and it ought to be plain that the case would be very different were all our weights and measures divided or multiplied decimally. Instead of wasting twelve months, the pupil would almost be taught to understand the decimal system in two or three lessons, and so simple is the explanation that he would never be likely to forget it. There is perhaps no more interesting, ingenious and useful example of the decimal system than that in use in France. There the standard of length is the metre, the standard of capacity the cubic decimetre or the litre, while one cubic centimetre of distilled water weighs exactly one gramme, the standard of weight. Thus the measures of length, capacity and weight are most closely and usefully related. In the present English system there is absolutely no relationship between these weights and measures. Frequently a weight or measure bearing the same name has a different value for different bodies. Take, for instance, the stone; for dead meat its value is 8 pounds, for live meat 14 pounds; and other instances will occur to anyone who happens to remember his “Tables.” How much simpler for the business man to reckon in multiples of ten for everything than in the present confusing jumble. Mental arithmetic in matters of buying and selling would become much easier, undoubtedly more accurate, and the possibility of petty fraud be far more remote, because even the most dense could rapidly calculate by using the decimal system.
The latest information from the magazine chemist is extremely valuable. He has dealt with milk‐adulteration and how it is done. His advice, if followed, might, however, speedily…
Abstract
The latest information from the magazine chemist is extremely valuable. He has dealt with milk‐adulteration and how it is done. His advice, if followed, might, however, speedily bring the manipulating dealer before a magistrate, since the learned writer's recipe is to take a milk having a specific gravity of 1030, and skim it until the gravity is raised to 1036; then add 20 per cent. of water, so that the gravity may be reduced to 1030, and the thing is done. The advice to serve as “fresh from the cow,” preferably in a well‐battered milk‐measure, might perhaps have been added to this analytical gem.
Segun Subair Awode and Musa Olanrewaju Oduola
This study examines how technological innovation (TECIN) and human capital development (HCD) combine to impact industrial productivity (INPR) and competitiveness in Africa.
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines how technological innovation (TECIN) and human capital development (HCD) combine to impact industrial productivity (INPR) and competitiveness in Africa.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used secondary data covering the period from 1996 to 2021 on 36 African countries, in a panel data framework of fixed effect and generalized method of moments techniques.
Findings
The study found that while TECIN negatively affected INPR in Africa, HCD exerted a strong positive influence. The interaction of TECIN and HCD showed a joint positive impact on INPR, emphasizing the role of human capital in mitigating transitional productivity loss tied to new technology assimilation. The results also showed positive individual and combined effects of TECIN and HCD on industrial competitiveness in Africa.
Practical implications
The findings therefore compel the need for implementation of policies that can simultaneously advance TECIN and strengthen HCD for sustainable industrial development in Africa. Governments in African countries need to allocate more resources to research and development to foster home-grown technologies, revamp educational curricula to align with industry needs and emphasize practical skills training, and facilitate technology transfer partnerships to enhance technological capabilities and INPR.
Originality/value
Although previous studies acknowledge the importance of TECIN and HCD for enhancing INPR and competitiveness in Africa, there is a noticeable lack of comprehensive studies that investigated the interplay between TECIN and HCD for industrialization gains.
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A recent literature has documented the real effect of Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) on trade, stock markets and unemployment; however, there is no specific study that has…
Abstract
Purpose
A recent literature has documented the real effect of Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) on trade, stock markets and unemployment; however, there is no specific study that has examined how trade uncertainty influences banking sector stability. In this quest, this study aims to bridge this gap by examining the impact of TPU in the USA and China on the stability of the Indian banking sector. Additionally, the study aims to assess the moderating influence of banking regulation and supervision on the aforementioned relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
To quantify the above objectives, the study uses a robust set of econometric estimates, i.e. system generalised method of moments (Sys-GMM), fixed effect model and pair-wise Granger causality test on the alternative proxies of banking stability from 2000 to 2023.
Findings
The empirical estimates validate that TPU has a negative impact on the Indian banking stability. Moreover, the impact of the USA. TPU is much more significant on the Indian banking sector’s stability in comparison to the Chinese TPU. The empirical model further suggests that banking regulation and supervision moderate the negative influence of trade uncertainties on the Indian banking sector’s stability and assist in improving it. Finally, the pairwise causality test confirms a unidirectional causal relationship between the TPU in the USA and China and the stability of the Indian banking sector, thereby validating the transmission effect of trade uncertainty on this sector.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s study, this study is original and offers useful policy recommendations for understanding the implications of trade uncertainty for banking stability. The study also offers insight to comprehend the role of banking regulation and compliance in mitigating the adverse repercussion of trade uncertainties on the banking sector’s stability.