The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different carbon chain lengths in coupling agents on the water resistance and compatibility of modified long afterglow…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different carbon chain lengths in coupling agents on the water resistance and compatibility of modified long afterglow phosphors and attempt to obtain their modification model and mechanism.
Design/methodology/approach
Three saturated-fatty-acid (caprylic, lauric, stearic acid)-based Al-Zr CAs (coupling agent) was synthesised and applied to modify the long afterglow phosphors SrMgAl4O8:Eu2+,Dy3+.
Findings
Results show that the coated amount on phosphors decreased from 13.41 to 6.53 per cent with the increased carbon chain length of fatty acid, and the better water resistant and suitability with organic resin can be obtained by lauric-based Al-Zr CA.
Originality/value
Considering that the decomposition process of modified phosphor was related with the decomposition performance of corresponding coupling agents and original phosphor, a method was first proposed to calculate the coated amount on phosphors by thermogravimetric analyser parameters.
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– This paper aims to explore if there is an analogous discipline in China to diplomatics.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore if there is an analogous discipline in China to diplomatics.
Design/methodology/approach
A comparison method is used for the exploration. Five Chinese disciplines are chosen for the comparison, which are Wenxian xue, Bianwei xue, Dangan jianbian xue, Wenshu xue and Gu wenshu xue. The diplomatics, as discussed in this paper, is modern diplomatics, as exemplified in the work of Dr Luciana Duranti.
Findings
It was found that while there is no such Chinese discipline identical to diplomatics, its knowledge is distributed among several Chinese disciplines. This indicates the common concern and efforts in the West and East and the potential for the further development of diplomatics as a global discipline.
Research limitations/implications
The disciplines this paper has examined are what this author is aware of that share certain similarities with diplomatics and the discussion is based on this author’s understanding; thus, it is possible that there are disciplines that this author did not know or the understanding is insufficient to reveal all the connections between diplomatics and these disciplines. Further research from other perspectives might be needed.
Originality/value
To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first paper in English comparing Chinese diplomatic disciplines with diplomatics. It has also shed some light on the development of several Chinese disciplines.
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Xiao Xue, Shufang Wang and Hao Chao
The purpose of this paper is to provide strong theoretical and technical support for the dynamic evolution of service system in “Cluster Supply Chain”(CSC), which can deal with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide strong theoretical and technical support for the dynamic evolution of service system in “Cluster Supply Chain”(CSC), which can deal with two kinds of context changes: the internal service component changes and the external customer requirement changes.
Design/methodology/approach
A “feedback-based” evolution mechanism of service system for CSC is proposed in this study. By means of the feedback update of enterprise service’s Quality of Service (QoS) attribute and the adjustment of the assumed QoS evaluation model, the evolution of service system can be achieved to suit the dynamic market demands.
Findings
Results of the study suggest: by means of the “feed-back” evolution mechanism of service system, the enterprises in CSC can handle the context changes effectively to maintain the optimized operation status.
Practical implications
The implementation of evolution mechanism in service system can keep the effectiveness of enterprise service composition to face the frequent service component changes and the unpredictable market turbulence.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a method to realize the autonomous evolution of service system in CSC, which can support the flexibility and adaptability of enterprise service composition in the changing environment.
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Emmanuel Adu-Ameyaw, Linda Hickson and Albert Danso
This study examines how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources to fixed intangible assets investment and the extent to which…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources to fixed intangible assets investment and the extent to which this relationship is conditional on executives' ownership, firm growth, internal cash flow and leverage.
Design/methodology/approach
Using data from 213 non-financial and non-utility UK FTSE 350 firms for the period 2007–2015, generating a total of 1,748 firm-year observations, panel econometric methods are employed to test the authors’ model.
Findings
The authors observe that executives' cash bonus compensation positively impacts fixed intangible assets investment. However, executives' stock bonus compensation has a negative and significant influence on fixed intangible assets. The authors further observe that executives either cash bonus or stock bonus crucially invest more in fixed intangible assets when the firm has a growth potential. Also, both cash bonus and stock bonus executives in firms with lower internal cash flow spend less on fixed intangible assets. Similar results are also observed for those stock bonus-motivated executives with an increase in fixed intangible assets for low leverage firms but a decrease for high leverage ones.
Research limitations/implications
A key limitation of this study is its concentration on a single country (United Kingdom). Thus, future studies can expand the focus of this study by looking at it from the perspective of multiple countries.
Practical implications
The practical relevance of the study results is that firms with high growth opportunity in fixed intangible assets activity can use more cash bonus compensation (risk-avoiding incentive) to induce corporate executives to invest more in such activity. This finding is particularly important given the increasing appetite of firms in this knowledge-based economy to create expansion through fixed intangible assets investment. That is, for firms to increase fixed intangible assets investment, this study suggests that executive cash bonus compensation cannot be ignored.
Originality/value
While this paper builds on the classic Q theory of investment literature, it is the first – to the best of the authors’ knowledge – to explore how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources to fixed intangible assets investment and the extent to which this relationship is conditional on executives' ownership, firm growth, internal cash flow and leverage.
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Mohammed Awad Alshahrani, Muhammad Zafar Yaqub, Murad Ali, Imane El Hakimi and Mohammad Asif Salam
Building on social cognitive theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to discern the innovative work behaviors of organizational employees as the process by which…
Abstract
Purpose
Building on social cognitive theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to discern the innovative work behaviors of organizational employees as the process by which they generate, develop and implement new and valuable ideas, practices, products or procedures shaped by entrepreneurial leadership by reinforcing intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy under the boundary condition of a firm’s innovative climate.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used partial least squares-based structural equation modeling on a sample of 203 employees of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Saudi Arabia.
Findings
This study found that entrepreneurial leadership improves employees’ innovative work behavior by successively enhancing their intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy. Furthermore, the analysis confirmed that a firm’s innovative climate significantly moderates the strength of the indirect mediation effect between entrepreneurial leadership and employees’ innovative work behavior through sequential mediation.
Practical implications
The findings of this study yield substantial theoretical and practical implications resulting from a fine-grained understanding of the instrumentality of entrepreneurial leadership in fostering employees’ innovative work behavior. Effectively orchestrating these psychological mechanisms could enable entrepreneurial leaders to alleviate their behaviors.
Originality/value
This is an original study that outlines the importance of aligning entrepreneurial leadership and an innovative climate to shape intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy in employees’ innovative work behavior. It demonstrates how entrepreneurial leadership enhances innovative work behavior through the sequential mediation of intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy under the boundary condition of an innovative climate.
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Peng Xue, Songbai Xue, Yifu Shen, Zhengxiang Xiao, Hong Zhu, Weimin Long and Xinquan Yu
The purpose of this paper is to improve the properties of Sn−9Zn solder, so as to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the properties of Sn−9Zn solder, so as to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
Design/methodology/approach
The effects of Praseodymium on property and Sn whisker growth under aging treatment in Sn−9Zn lead‐free solder were investigated.
Findings
The results indicate that with the addition of rare earth Pr, the wettability and mechanical properties of Sn−9Zn solder were improved. The best wettability and comprehensive property of soldered joint is obtained when the content of Pr is 0.08 wt.%. After aging treatment at 150°C for 360 h, the mechanical properties of Sn−9Zn−0.08Pr decreased but are still obviously higher than that of Sn−9Zn. Moreover, when the content of Pr reached 0.1 wt.%, plenty of Sn−Pr compounds were found in the Sn−9Zn solder. The inevitable oxidation of Sn−Pr compounds would cause a high stress accumulated within PrSn3 phases, which would be served as driving force to induce the Sn whisker sprout and growth after aging treatment at 150°C for 120 h to 360 h. Compared with the results in Sn−9Zn−0.5Ga−0.7Pr solder that Sn whisker observed until the addition of Pr reached 0.7 wt.%, it could be inferred that the addition of Ga may react against the sprout of Sn whisker.
Originality/value
It is found that the addition of Pr can improve the properties of solder and avoid Sn whisker growth in the right range and proper conditions. The cost of the solder with added Pr is limited to RMB 2 yuan/kg so it can be widely used in industry.
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Peng Xue, Song‐bai Xue, Liang Zhang, Yi‐fu Shen, Li‐li Gao, Sheng‐lin Yu, Hong Zhu, Zongjie Han and Yan Chen
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the laser soldering of fine pitch quad flat package (QFP) devices using lead‐free solders and solder joint reliability during thermal…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the laser soldering of fine pitch quad flat package (QFP) devices using lead‐free solders and solder joint reliability during thermal cycling.
Design/methodology/approach
QFP devices were selected as the test vehicles and were soldered with four alloy types, Sn37Pb, Sn3.5Ag, Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu and Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu0.03Ce. The experimental samples were QFP‐256 devices with lead‐free solder paste on the printed circuit boards. The packages were dried for 24 h at 125°C prior to reflow soldering. Soldering experiments on the QFP devices were carried out with an infrared (IR) reflow soldering oven and a diode laser (DL) soldering system. Reflow soldering was performed at peak temperatures of 210°C (SnPb), 240°C (SnAgCu and SnAgCuCe) and 250°C (SnAg), as determined on the boards. Pull testing was adopted to evaluate the tensile strength of the four solders using an STR–1000 micro‐joint strength tester.
Findings
The tensile force of the QFP micro‐joints increased as laser intensity increased when it was less than an “optimal” value. The maximum tensile force of the QFP micro‐joints was gained when the laser intensity had increased to 2,165, 2,127, 2,165 and 2,064 W/cm2, depending on the alloy used. The thermal fatigue performance of three lead‐free solder joints, SnAgCuCe, SnAgCu and SnAg, was determined to be superior to that of the eutectic SnPb alloy. After soldering without thermal cycling tests, the fracture morphology of soldered joints exhibited characteristic toughness fracture with both of the soldering methods. After 700 thermal cycles, the fracture mechanism was also toughness fracture, nevertheless, the dimples became large. The fracture morphology of the soldered joints subjected to 1,500 thermal cycles indicated brittle intergranular fracture on the fracture surface and no intense plastic deformation appeared before fracture with IR soldering. For DL soldering, the pull fracture model of the SnAgCuCe was completely ductile in the soldered joint with 1,500 thermal cycles.
Originality/value
The paper usefully investigates the influence of laser intensity on the tensile strength of different soldered joints and the solder joint reliability during thermal cycling.
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Yongji Xue and Xinyu Liu
The purposes of this paper are to explore how the cluster entrepreneurship of peasant households in the Chinese forest zone develops, and to analyze how the influence of kinship…
Abstract
Purpose
The purposes of this paper are to explore how the cluster entrepreneurship of peasant households in the Chinese forest zone develops, and to analyze how the influence of kinship and geopolitical relations can effectively construct a mechanism for the growth of cluster entrepreneurship.
Design/methodology/approach
The case study method was chosen to analyze the growth process of this cluster entrepreneurship (e.g. raising chickens in Zhenghe, planting tea in Anxi and cultivating fruit in Taizhou).
Findings
The authors found that the trust, learning and driving mechanisms of cluster entrepreneurship were influenced by kinship and geopolitical relationships, and were included in the building of the growth mechanism of such cluster entrepreneurship, as has emerged. Further, in the building of this evolution mechanism, three paths of growth were found: financial support, the introduction of technology and the introduction of management.
Originality/value
This paper enriches the understanding of how cluster entrepreneurship develops in the socioeconomic environment of the Chinese forest zone, with particular reference to kinship and geopolitical relations, and how these contribute to the growth mechanism of cluster entrepreneurship, which is important for the management of entrepreneurial activities in that habitat.
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Xue Xinhua, Zhang Wohua and Xingguo Yang
The paper aims to clarify the relationship between the micro-structures of porous media and the coefficient of permeability. Most materials involve different types of defects like…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to clarify the relationship between the micro-structures of porous media and the coefficient of permeability. Most materials involve different types of defects like caves, pores and cracks, which are important characters of porous media and have a great influence on the physical properties of materials. To study the seepage mechanical characteristics of damaged porous media, the constitutive model of porous media dealing with coupled modeling of pores damage and its impact on permeability property of a deforming media was studied in this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study using the approach of continuum damage mechanics (CDM).
Findings
The paper provides some new insights on the fluid dynamics of porous media. The dynamic evolution model of permeability coefficient established in this paper can be used to model the fluid flow problems in damaged porous media. Moreover, the modified Darcy's law developed in this paper is considered to be an extension of the Darcy's law for fluid flow and seepage in a porous medium.
Research limitations/implications
Owing to the limitations of time, conditions, funds, etc., the research results should be subject to multifaceted experiments before their innovative significance can be fully verified.
Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the development of fluid dynamics of porous media.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study the relationship between the micro-structures of porous media and the coefficient of permeability.
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This study aims to look into and evaluate a sustainability-based destination loyalty model that takes into account how people perceive the urban destination in alignment with…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to look into and evaluate a sustainability-based destination loyalty model that takes into account how people perceive the urban destination in alignment with represented concept of sustainable tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a convenience sampling technique, 414 questionnaires were sent out to nonresident tourists (outside Bandung city) in Indonesia using online survey platforms and analyzed with the structural equation model method.
Findings
Socioeconomic image, cultural image and environmental image all have a beneficial effect on tourists’ satisfaction levels. Furthermore, tourist satisfaction has a direct impact on destination loyalty. When it comes to tourists’ loyalty to a particular destination, only the degree to which they were satisfied moderated the influence of socioeconomic, cultural and environmental images.
Research limitations/implications
The research sample exclusively comprised tourists hailing from Indonesia, a developing nation. Subsequent studies may evaluate tourists from various nations to obtain a more precise comprehension of the tourist population.
Practical implications
Authorities and destination organizations should periodically examine tourists to get a feel for how they feel about a destination’s sustainability, so they can adjust policies as needed to keep tourism there viable over the long term.
Originality/value
This study aims to fill a significant gap in the existing literature by examining the impact of sustainable practices and initiatives on tourists’ satisfaction to an urban destination. The examination of the relationship between efforts to promote sustainability and destination loyalty can offer valuable insights for destination managers and policymakers who aim to improve long-term tourist relationships.