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This study establishes the principles and process steps of a new basic trousers pattern using measurements obtained according to the rules of the anthropometric measurement system. The newly developed pattern-making system in this study will be called the “Anthropometric Measurements Based Pattern Making System” (AnMePa). It is aimed at producing trousers that are more fitting to the body, thanks to this pattern-making system.

In this research, four pattern-making systems used in many parts of the world were compared with the “Anthropometric Measurements Based Pattern Making System” (AnMePa) with regard to the overall appearance and body fit of trousers prepared according to these systems. 10 virtual mannequins (VM) with different adult female body measurements were created, and trousers patterns were prepared for these mannequins. The trousers’ patterns were made and dressed on the mannequins in a 3D virtual dressing system. The body fit of the virtual garments was evaluated by five experts. The scores given by the experts were evaluated using the fuzzy logic method.

According to the results, it is seen that the new basic trousers pattern developed by utilizing the anthropometric measurement system, AnMePa, provides the best body fit among the basic trousers patterns created according to the other examined pattern-making systems. The combination of 3D virtual dressing and fuzzy logic in the evaluation of garment body fit is considered an innovative method for the future of fashion design and production.

In the developed AnMePa, unlike the existing pattern-making systems, values that can be associated with the body measurements of individuals in a way that could be suitable for each community were used instead of constant values in the pattern-making process. Furthermore, the integration of 3D virtual fitting and fuzzy logic in assessing garment fit is considered a pioneering approach with significant implications for the future landscape of fashion design and production.

The purpose of this paper is to explore selection of the best ERP suppliers in the clothing industry by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

AHP is used in order to achieve the paper's purpose; selection criteria are determined by managers and experts.

Three different enterprise resource planning (ERP) suppliers are investigated and best alternative is selected by using AHP. After the best alternative is selected, cost benefit analysis is calculated in order to define decisive result. All calculations are verified by performing the consistency test.

Selection criteria and their evaluations can be changed depending on size of the clothing manufacturer and product type.

The results of the study will be helpful to clothing manufacturers which plan to implement an ERP system in their organizations. Furthermore, they can use AHP in other decision problems as well.

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an implicit scheme, accurate to the second order, for solving full Navier‐Stokes equations for three dimensional problems, using parallel algorithm.

Parallel solution to the 3‐D incompressible full Navier‐Stokes equations is presented, based on two fractional steps in time and finite element in space. The accuracy of the scheme is second order in both time and space domains. Large time‐step sizes, with Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy (CFL) numbers much larger than unity, are taken since the momentum equation is solved implicitly. A fourth order artificial viscosity term is added. In order to stabilize the numerical solution, fourth order artificial viscosity term is used for high Reynolds number flows. The domain decomposition technique is implemented for parallel solution to the problem with matching and non‐overlapping sub‐domains. It is aimed to study both a 3D free and mixed convection problems using the developed scheme. The segregate solution for temperature field is calibrated by a 3‐D free convection problem. Then the flow case where the forced convection is one order of magnitude higher than the free convection is studied.

It is observed that the long time solution to the flow field shows oscillatory behaviour as the Reynolds number of the flow doubled while keeping the ratio of the forced to free convection fixed. The solution using a parallel algorithm gives satisfactory results, in terms of computation time and accuracy, for the natural convection problem in cubic cavity, and, the forced cooling of a room with chilled ceiling having a parabolic geometry as presented at the end. It is observed that doubling the Reynolds number, while keeping all the parameters unchanged, varies the flow behaviour completely.

A code previously developed and published by the author only solved momentum equation and studied the velocity field. In this study, full Navier Stokes equation is solved and the code is calibrated with a well‐known 3D free‐convection for two different Rayleigh number cases and then 3D mixed convection problem is studied for two cases. Re=2000 case results, solved both by the scheme in this study and by commercial code, presented an interesting physics of the problem. For Re=2000 case, continuous cooling of the room is not possible. Doubling the Reynolds number, raising it from 1000 to 2000, while keeping all the parameters unchanged, varies the flow behaviour completely.

Conventional methods of project duration control primarily rely on comparing contracts programs with actual progress. Detailed barcharts are often produced and progress is measured and recorded for monitoring by site based practitioners. Head office managers that are responsible for a group or groups of contracts running simultaneously depend on the reports generated on site for their control mechanism. There are many drawbacks in relying solely on site based reports, including concerns about accuracy, misrepresentation of facts, competence of site based staff, time taken to interpret these reports, etc. This paper develops and proposes the use of a new system that can be used as an additional tool whereby significant discrepancies in projects' progress performance can be highlighted. The system is based on stochastic models developed to simulate the cost commitment curves of traditional construction projects. The paper describes how the system is developed and how it can be used. The system has been developed as part of a pilot study to validate its usefulness in principle. Hence the factors used to distinguish projects characteristics were only based on broad terms. It is hoped that an improved model would be developed when more variables are considered and incorporated.

There is almost a consensus amongst Muslim scholars that the most crucial problem faced by the Muslim world is in the prevailing ideas (including sanctification, archaism, the common paradigm, the absence of the role of the intellectual, etc.) which formulate people’s thoughts and determine their options. There will not be a genuine renaissance of Islam without updating these ideas and emerging from the cocoon of the past. This can be done through a modern approach which would respond to the changes by looking towards the future rather than towards the past. This study aims to identify the intellectual aspects of this crisis and how this crisis has formed and influenced Islamic banking.

To analyse this crisis, the methodology called causal layered analysis (CLA) is used, which is drawn from the field of strategic foresight and designed by Inayatullah (2002). CLA is designed on the basis that the way to understand the nature of the problem will determine the proposed solutions, by diving through the surface phenomena of the problem to the depth of the “motors” of the crisis.

The author finds that Islamic banking is the offspring of its incubator ideas and reform, and the change and progress of Islamic banking can only deal with a critical approach of these ideas; Islamic banking promotes itself as an alternative to conventional banking, but this has not been achieved except on the level of form rather than substance; Islamic banking is a movement within a variable reality, and inertia in specific form and context will keep it in a state of crisis and may lead to its demise.

To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study showing the roots of the ideas making up the fabric of banking in the Muslim world and the repercussions of intellectual crisis on Islamic banking.

For metal additive manufacturing, metallic powders are usually produced by vacuum induction gas atomization (VIGA) through the breakup of liquid metal into tiny droplets by gas jets. VIGA is considered a cost-effective technique to prepare feedstock. In VIGA, the quality and the morphology of the produced particles are mainly controlled by the gas pressure used during powder production, keeping the setup configuration constant.

In VIGA process for metallic additive manufacturing feedstock preparation, the quality and morphology of the powder particles are mainly controlled by the gas pressure used during powder production.

In this study, Inconel-625 feedstock was produced using a supersonic nozzle in a close-coupled gas atomization apparatus. Powder size distribution (PSD) was studied by varying the gas pressure.

The nonmonotonic but deterministic relationships were observed between gas pressure and PSD. It was found that the maximum 15–45 µm percentage PSD, equivalent to 84%, was achieved at 29 bar Argon gas pressure, which is suitable for the LPBF process. Following on, the produced powder particles were used to print tensile test specimens via LPBF along XY- and ZX-orientations by using laser power = 475 W, laser scanning speed = 800 mm/s, powder layer thickness = 50 µm and hatch distance = 100 µm. The yield and tensile strengths were 9.45% and 13% higher than the ZX direction, while the samples printed in ZX direction resulted in 26.79% more elongation compared to XY-orientation.

This study aims to investigate the tribological performance of neat polyamide-imide (PAI) and PAI composite (PAI + 12% graphite + 3% polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]) under varying mediums and conditions, including dry sliding, distilled water and seawater lubrication, to determine their suitability for high-stress applications.

Tribological tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc setup with AISI 316 L stainless steel (SS) as counterface. Experiments were carried out under loads of 150 and 300 N and sliding speeds of 1.5 and 3.0 m/s. Values of temperatures, friction coefficients and wear rates were recorded to analyze the effect of fillers and lubrication mediums.

The PAI composite outperformed the neat PAI under all conditions, showing significant reductions in friction coefficients and wear rates. Seawater lubrication yielded the best results, achieving friction coefficients of 0.05 and 0.01 and specific wear rates of 18.10⁻¹⁶ m²/N and 1.10 ⁻¹⁵ m²/N, for neat PAI and PAI composite, respectively. Graphite and PTFE fillers enhanced lubrication, reduced surface temperatures and mitigated abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms. Superior cooling and lubrication effects of the seawater contributed to these improvements.

Previous studies mainly focused on dry sliding and distilled water lubrication for the PAI and its composites, with no research on the seawater conditions. This study compares the tribological behaviors of the neat PAI and PAI composite against AISI 316 L SS under dry sliding, distilled water and seawater lubrication.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2024-0302/

Although China can be considered an early adopter of the circular economy, there are few studies of remanufacturing business models (BMs) in the context of the Chinese automobile industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate viable BMs, summarizes current obstacles and anticipates future development opportunities and directions.

The cross-case analysis considers the roles of value networks and of customer value proposition and interface in circular business models (CBMs) by examining the strategies and tactical measures of two leading remanufacturers. The data are collected from semi-structured interviews, documents, etc.

The analysis identifies the following components of viable BMs of remanufacturers: reclaiming raw material, managing used components, producing new products and marketing. Several current obstacles are summarized from four perspectives: policy barriers and insufficient government support; consumer awareness; related product quality; and technology. The study also identifies future directions and opportunities for the automobile parts remanufacturing industry.

This study contributes to the CBM literature by mapping the barriers and opportunities in remanufacturing. The results have shed some light into the field of sustainability in manufacturing firms by empirically testing the theoretical model. The results will help managers to design viable CBMs in different contexts.

The favorable results of fiscal/tax policies implemented in a country depend on the accuracy of the declarations and the full timely payment of taxes. Tax auditing is the administrative function that ensures the accuracy of the taxes to be paid. From a global perspective, tax auditing is very important in all countries. Each country wishes to bring its own tax audit structure to an optimal level. Along with the audit, the tax function of the taxpayers and the investigations carried out on the books and documents related to these transactions, as well as, the exploratory function aimed at finding out and correcting errors, frauds and deficiencies, and preventing the occurrence of errors and frauds are in question. Ensuring the effectiveness of tax auditing will result in effective tax administration. Any increase in total tax revenues whilst keeping the expenses made for taxation at a certain level will increase the efficiency of tax administration. The tax audit, which is mandatory for the realization of the intended purpose, will also contribute to the tax compliance of taxpayers. Voluntary compliance of taxpayers who think that they will be audited in certain periods will be strengthened. All this can be achieved through an effective audit system. The aim of this study is to provide an assessment of the tax audit, highlighting its need and the things to be done in order to ensure the effectiveness and the advantages of the tax audit.

Introduction: Just as the tourism event begins with the human element, it again ends with the human element. Therefore, the existence, behaviours and attitudes of the human factor is an issue that should be prioritised much more when compared to other sectors. Consumer behaviour involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that meet the needs and desires of the consumer. Prior to these actions, consumer behaviour is concerned with all the activities directly related to the attainment, consumption and disposition of the products and services. In this chapter, touristic consumer behaviour, consumer choice and behaviour of the relevant destination, and the management of the destination choice process are presented.

Aim: The chapter aims to reveal how important it is to know the consumer’s destination choice behaviour in both ensuring that the consumer has had a satisfied holiday during the holiday process, and that employers and employees, as service providers, experience the peace and pride of providing a good and quality service. Knowing the behaviour patterns of potential consumers and developing their marketing activities accordingly will provide great convenience to service marketers in the future.

Method: To do this a literature review has been carried out on the issues of destination choice behaviour and tourist travel behaviour.

Result: Tourist behaviour is the most significant indicator or predictor of future tourist behaviour. Considering the social role of the tourist, the behaviour of a tourist can also be an indicator of the behaviour of others. With their behaviours, tourists determine the norms of social behaviour within the context of tourism. These norms are also followed by other consumers such as engaging in tourist behaviour, as well as those who have not travelled yet. Tourist behaviour is the context of the consumer behaviour in the purchasing and abandoning the tourist services.

Implication: The characteristics of the consumer, their past experiences, the level of influence from other consumers, etc. In the future, knowing the behaviour patterns of potential consumers and developing their marketing activities in this direction will provide great convenience to service marketers.

Originality of Study: In the study, it is desired to draw attention to the importance of knowing consumer behaviours in their destination selection. Therefore, this study is thought to be useful in future studies, especially in terms of shedding light on the consumer behaviours and roles that play a role in determining the factors that play a role in destination selection.