This article is concerned with a specific market niche composed of very small, and small enterprises (SE) providing access to satellite television channels directly to an…
Abstract
This article is concerned with a specific market niche composed of very small, and small enterprises (SE) providing access to satellite television channels directly to an individual’s home (DTH). It focuses on the role within that niche of a specific segment providing products which are generally termed “pirate” by governments, companies and the public. In this context, it examines the nature, and consequences, of information and influence asymmetry between SEs and large broadcasting companies, especially as it relates to the national and European policy process. Finally, it considers whether other small enterprises can learn from the experience of the satellite television sector.
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This paper is concerned with the destruction of European Union policies which would have resulted in the development of a Single European Market in satellite television, and the…
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the destruction of European Union policies which would have resulted in the development of a Single European Market in satellite television, and the lost opportunities for European business and consumers resulting from this. The focus of the paper is on the technical sector involving the transmission of satellite television programmes directly to the viewer’s home (DTH) and is concerned with the broad sweep of lost business opportunities and consumer benefits; there is no attempt to quantify any such losses. The term “consumer” is used in the paper in the loosest welfare / opportunity cost sense of one who gains access to desired goods and services including the simple act of sitting in front a television and watching a programme. “Businesses” are considered to be profit orientated organisations which may function within or outside the law. Whilst the main thrust of this paper is upon the British environment and consumers, the findings also have significant implications for businesses and consumers outside of the UK.
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This article is concerned with European Union policy inconsistencies and failures, and the subsequent development of market concentrations, in the newly developing technology of…
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This article is concerned with European Union policy inconsistencies and failures, and the subsequent development of market concentrations, in the newly developing technology of satellite television broadcasts direct to the individual’s home (DTH). In particular, it considers these issues in the context of European Union Directive 98/84/EC “On the legal protection of services based on, or consisting of, conditional access” which is likely to be incorporated into national laws during the course of 1999 or early 2000. The article considers whether there are general lessons to be learnt for business from the failure of this specific EU policy.
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Myriam Denov and Régine Debrosse
The Lost Boys and Girls attempted to escape from the war in Sudan on foot, most often traveling together, separated from their families, and they survived extreme conditions by…
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The Lost Boys and Girls attempted to escape from the war in Sudan on foot, most often traveling together, separated from their families, and they survived extreme conditions by taking care of each other. However, limited research has focused on their relationships with one another during both flight and resettlement. This chapter explores the connection between the hardships faced by Lost Boys and Girls, alongside the relational experiences forged and the sense of community they developed with one another. To do so, we examine a set of qualitative interviews and a focus group with Lost Boys and Girls who resettled in the Global North and analyze them under the light of the kinship hypothesis, which connects hardships and interdependence in relationships. Drawing upon young people’s direct narratives and voices, our data reveal that the bonds that Lost Boys and Girls forged with one another during flight often remained strong after resettlement, highlighting agentive forms of resistance, resilience, and capacity. Findings further reveal high mutual support and high willingness to sacrifice for one another. The significance of these findings for how the experiences of unaccompanied minors are understood, especially for children and youth affected by war and displacement, is discussed.
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Christophe Boone, Filippo Carlo Wezel and Arjen van Witteloostuijn
The “upper echelon” literature has mainly produced static empirical studies on the impact of top management team composition on organizational outcomes, ignoring the dynamics of…
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The “upper echelon” literature has mainly produced static empirical studies on the impact of top management team composition on organizational outcomes, ignoring the dynamics of industrial demography. Organizational ecology explicitly studied the dynamics of organizational diversity at the population level, however largely ignoring how the entry and exit of executives shapes organizational diversity over time. In this paper, we try to integrate both streams of demography research and develop a multi-level behavioral theory of organizational diversity, linking selection processes at both levels of analysis. The behavioral mechanism connecting the two levels of analysis is the stylized empirical fact that small groups, including top management teams, routinely reproduce their demographic characteristics over time. We argue that, under certain conditions, the potent forces of team homogenization coevolve with those of population-level selection to sustain between-firm diversity.
Carl S Bozman, Daniel Friesner, Matthew Q McPherson and Nancy M Chase
This paper presents a simple methodological framework to characterise the tangible and intangible benefits of a university athletics department. The methodology is applied to the…
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This paper presents a simple methodological framework to characterise the tangible and intangible benefits of a university athletics department. The methodology is applied to the athletics department at Gonzaga University (GU) in Spokane, Washington USA. The brand equity associated with this department is estimated at approximately US$5.8 million in 2006. Of this, between $617,000 and $2.71 million is ascribed to a specific type of tangible brand equity (with the most plausible estimate being $926,000); namely, the impact of GU athletics events on the economic vitality of the local community. The remainder is attributed to (unobserved) intangible brand equity benefits.
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Gerald Mollenhorst, Christofer Edling and Jens Rydgren
In this chapter, we focus on the social integration of young immigrants in Sweden who themselves and/or one or both of their parents came from Iran or former Yugoslavia. In…
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In this chapter, we focus on the social integration of young immigrants in Sweden who themselves and/or one or both of their parents came from Iran or former Yugoslavia. In particular, we look at the share of alters in their core networks who are of the same parental national origin and how this has changed within a period of four years. To explain network changes, we consider the parental national origin similarity among them, changes in opportunities to meet network members, and important life events.
We analyzed two waves of survey data collected in 2010 and 2014 from 1,537 individuals who live in Sweden and who were all born in 1990, including 325 immigrants from Iran, 447 immigrants from former Yugoslavia, and 805 native Swedes. The results indicate that: (a) the share of parental national origin similar alters in the core networks of immigrants significantly increases over time, (b) first-generation immigrants in particular increasingly associate with others who are of the same parental national origin, (c) important life events hardly result in network changes, and (d) schools and work places are social contexts that enhance the social integration of immigrants, because in these contexts immigrants meet and engage in personal relationships with individuals who do not share their parental national origin.
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Joseph Murphy and Philip Hallinger
Eleven representative examples of professional development areexamined in what is labelled a new era of administrator training. Ananalysis is presented of the conditions that have…
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Eleven representative examples of professional development are examined in what is labelled a new era of administrator training. An analysis is presented of the conditions that have helped foster interest in the creation of new approaches to the training of school administrators. Ten current conditions in the area of administrator training where improvement is needed are reported on. Commonalities among the new approaches to training are discussed and these principles juxtaposed against the status quo in administrator training. It is concluded that the new era of professional development is significantly different from many current training programmes, in terms of both process and content. These differences are examined in detail. Potential problems in these newer approaches to administrator training are noted.
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Susan F. Cabrera and Melissa C. Thomas-Hunt
Drawing upon Cabrera and Thomas-Hunt's (2006) theoretical framework for the advancement of executive women, we identify gender differences in social networks as an important…
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Drawing upon Cabrera and Thomas-Hunt's (2006) theoretical framework for the advancement of executive women, we identify gender differences in social networks as an important determinant of the relative perceived credibility of men and women and the opportunities for hire and promotion available to them. A review of the existing research literature on gender and social networks is presented and several potentially fruitful avenues for future research in this area are discussed.