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Using Climbing Lincoln’s Steps- The African American Journey by Suzanne Slade and illustrated by Colin Bootman gives teachers the opportunity to implement a research based lesson plan that integrates reading and the arts into Social Studies. Elementary students are exposed to the accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln and African American men and women from the past and present. Student knowledge is enhanced through the implementation of an author introduction, individual research, and the observation of historical videos and use of a website about Civil Rights icons. Students are assessed on their knowledge of a chosen historical figure by participating in a museum theatrical presentation. A comprehension quiz on the Slade text serves as a formal assessment for this lesson. The collaboration of students, teachers, and parents makes this lesson a rewarding learning experience.

IN the space of just one hour, it is possible to fly a Boeing 747 through low level cloud to a perfect night‐time touchdown in Hong Kong, to fly through a snow storm and make a safe landing at Boston, and to take off through mist and rain from London Heathrow Airport.

Information for regularly‐issued publications held on a database, such as accessions lists, bulletins and directories, can be downloaded with embedded codes used for word‐processing commands, desktop publishing flags or a markup language. In this way the information can be formatted automatically for style and layout to facilitate printing and to enhance the final appearance. This article describes how a series of directories has been produced by the Association of Commonwealth Universities in this way using CAIRS information retrieval software and how the data must be tidied up once it has been exported from CAIRS. CAIRS' index generation facilities are also described.

Introduces Mansard, a well‐established construction company that has become increasingly involved in both property development and property investment. Notes that during 1990 its activities had been unable to sustain an adequate cash flow and increasing borrowing had to be viewed against falling asset values. Examines various means of improving the company′s position. Suggests a package of measures aimed at saving the company and setting it up with a long‐term future.

Suggests that both future supplies of, and the future demand for, North Sea Gas are highly uncertain. Gives examples to show that one can argue, with equal plausibility, that in the 1970s there could be either a significant shortage, or a substantial surplus of capacity relative to ‘premium’ gas demand. Argues that the uncertainty of the future demands a highly flexible marketing policy in which tariffs, with built‐in incentives to improve load factors, are aimed at keeping the market in balance and interruptible sales are one of the main marketing weapons. Sums up that this paper has tried to establish some guidelines for natural gas marketing policy in this country, working within some of the constraints which have already been established.

FORECASTING is not just a specialized management technique, but something which we all understand and do quite naturally. Because of the existence of time, all of us run our lives by making forecasts. In the present (which is an infinitesimally short period of time) we have to make forecasts of what will happen in the future based upon our experience of the past. Without such forecasts, we could not run our lives because we have to keep making decisions about the future.

The article examines approaches to helping young homeless people in Britain and Australia, and concludes that the similarities far outweigh the differences.

The privatisation of the electricity industry was badly flawed. It created a generating duopoly in the form of National Power and Powergen. These two companies have a degree of control which is incompatible with the concept of the open market and which is detrimental to the interests of the consumer. Given the power of that duopoly, it is doubtful whether the Governmental regulatory authority, OFFER, can effect real change without a referral to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission.

Global trading of oil and gas means international markets are more open than at any previous time. As a result, the oil industry oligopoly is being deconstructed and vertically integrated MNCs are being reconstituted to address this fact. In parallel, emergent MNCs in the form of National Oil Companies are now entering the competitive arena. Traditionally dominant MNCs are adopting new operating models focused on technological and financial strength. We examine changes in the once-dominant industry paradigm of vertical integration using several theoretical lenses. These include transaction-cost economics, the resource-based view and institution theory. The giant MNCs operated globally for decades and are an important variant of the MNCs studied in strategic management literature. We suggest the current theoretical models do not explain sufficiently how these MNCs respond to current changes and by using industry observation we contribute to modernization of this literature.

A typology of interventionism can categorize regulations, taxes, and subsidies both theoretically and as they sequentially unfold in practice. This typology is inspired by, but broader than, the Mises interventionist thesis, which, similar to Madison's lament, recognizes the propensity of intervention to expand from its own shortcomings in the elusive quest to achieve economic rationality (Lavoie, 1982, p. 180; Ikeda, 1997, pp. 41–46; Bradley, 2006).