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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1990

M.F. Rothman and C.R. Patriarca

Materials have been developed in recent years which are particularly well‐suited for use in fabricated gas turbine hot section components. Among these are HAYNES® alloy No. 230…

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Abstract

Materials have been developed in recent years which are particularly well‐suited for use in fabricated gas turbine hot section components. Among these are HAYNES® alloy No. 230 and HASTELLOY® alloy S. These alloys combine very good performance characteristics with capability for fabrication into such complex components as combustion chambers, afterburner flame‐holders, seal rings, and thermocouple/probe assemblies. The properties and fabrication characteristics of these two materials are reviewed and compared with other well‐known gas turbine alloys.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 62 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Book part
Publication date: 24 October 2019

Susan P. McGrath, Emily Wells, Krystal M. McGovern, Irina Perreard, Kathleen Stewart, Dennis McGrath and George Blike

Although it is widely acknowledged that health care delivery systems are complex adaptive systems, there are gaps in understanding the application of systems engineering…

Abstract

Although it is widely acknowledged that health care delivery systems are complex adaptive systems, there are gaps in understanding the application of systems engineering approaches to systems analysis and redesign in the health care domain. Commonly employed methods, such as statistical analysis of risk factors and outcomes, are simply not adequate to robustly characterize all system requirements and facilitate reliable design of complex care delivery systems. This is especially apparent in institutional-level systems, such as patient safety programs that must mitigate the risk of infections and other complications that can occur in virtually any setting providing direct and indirect patient care. The case example presented here illustrates the application of various system engineering methods to identify requirements and intervention candidates for a critical patient safety problem known as failure to rescue. Detailed descriptions of the analysis methods and their application are presented along with specific analysis artifacts related to the failure to rescue case study. Given the prevalence of complex systems in health care, this practical and effective approach provides an important example of how systems engineering methods can effectively address the shortcomings in current health care analysis and design, where complex systems are increasingly prevalent.

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Structural Approaches to Address Issues in Patient Safety
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-085-6

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Article
Publication date: 26 May 2022

Kazem Shamsadini, Mahdi Askari Shahamabad and Fateme Askari Shahamabad

Increasing environmental pollution and destruction have damaged sustainability in polluting societies and organizations. For this reason, various environmental management programs…

410

Abstract

Purpose

Increasing environmental pollution and destruction have damaged sustainability in polluting societies and organizations. For this reason, various environmental management programs have recently been developed by governments and the environmental protection agencies (EPAs) to control and reduce environmental pollution. One of these programs is environmental audit (EA), which has not been fully implemented yet in developing countries and it has many disadvantages. It seems that one of the reasons for the lack of perfect implementation of EA in these countries is the lack of adequate review of the factors affecting its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting EA implementation and then analysis of causal relationships between them.

Design/methodology/approach

Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was used to identify causal relationships of factors affecting EA implementation. Based on the literature review and interviewing nine experts in EA, 17 factors were identified to influence EA implementation. Six experts were selected for the evaluation using snowball sampling method. Using the DEMATEL approach, a cause and effect relationship diagram was generated through which the effect of factors was analyzed.

Findings

Seventeen factors were categorized in terms of cause and effect, and the interrelationships of factors were also analyzed. “Reducing environmental impacts and improving environmental performance,” “obtaining environmental management system certificates” and “contributing to the environmental goals of investment projects” are the most prominent factors on the basis of their prominent score.

Research limitations/implications

Analysis in the research is highly dependent on expert judgments and opinions may be biased. However, the initial matrix obtained from the experts is hindered by the ambiguity about some relationships. But this can be improved by using fuzzy and gray set theories. The factors used for the analysis may not be comprehensive and other researchers may find other factors.

Practical implications

Identifying the factors affecting EA implementation and analyzing causal relationships between them can be a guide and help governments to improve the implementation of EA or even develop this policy by being aware of the effect of the factors analyzed.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive study of factors affecting EA implementation has been undertaken; this study is the first to identify these factors and analyze them using DEMATEL. Therefore, it is suggested that governments and EPAs in the policies focus on the significant factors.

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Social Responsibility Journal, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-1117

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Article
Publication date: 25 October 2019

Laura Boniotti, Stefano Foletti, Stefano Beretta and Luca Patriarca

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of lightweight parts with complex shapes and small dimensions. Recent improvements in AM techniques have allowed a significant…

644

Abstract

Purpose

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of lightweight parts with complex shapes and small dimensions. Recent improvements in AM techniques have allowed a significant growth of AM for industrial applications. In particular, AM is suitable for the production of materials shaped in lattice, which are very attractive for their lightweight design and their multi-functional properties. AM parts are often characterised by geometrical imperfections, residual porosity, high surface roughness which typically lead to stress/strain localisations and decreasing the resistance of the structure. This paper aims to focus on the study of the effects of geometrical irregularities and stress concentrations derived from them.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, several technique were combined: 3D tomography, experimental tests, digital image correlation and finite elements (FE) models based on both the as-designed and the as-manufactured geometries of lattice materials. The Digital Image Correlation technique allowed to measure local deformations in the specimen during the experimental test. The micro-computed tomography allowed to reconstruct the as-manufactured geometries of the specimens, from which the geometrical quality of the micro-structure is evaluated to run FE analyses.

Findings

Experimental and numerical results were compared by means of a stress concentration factor. This factor was calculated in three different specimens obtained from three-different printing processes to compare and understand their mechanical properties. Considering the as-designed geometry, it is not possible to model geometrical imperfections, and a FE model based on an as-manufactured geometry is needed. The results show that the mechanical properties of the printed samples are directly related to the statistical distribution of the stress concentration factor.

Originality/value

In this work, several techniques were combined to study the mechanical behaviour of lattice micro-structures. Lattice materials obtained by different selective laser melting printing parameters show different mechanical behaviours. A stress concentration factor can be assumed as a measure of the quality of these mechanical properties.

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Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Book part
Publication date: 6 September 2021

Clodagh G. Butler, Deirdre O’Shea and Donald M. Truxillo

Interest in psychological resilience has grown rapidly in the last couple of decades (Britt, Sinclair, & McFadden, 2016; King & Rothstein, 2010; Youssef & Luthans, 2007)…

Abstract

Interest in psychological resilience has grown rapidly in the last couple of decades (Britt, Sinclair, & McFadden, 2016; King & Rothstein, 2010; Youssef & Luthans, 2007). Psychological resilience occurs when a person can “recover, re-bound, bounce-back, adjust or even thrive” in the face of adversity (Garcia-Dia, DiNapoli, Garcia-Ona, Jakubowski, & O’flaherty, 2013, p. 264). As such, resilience can be conceptualized as a state-like and malleable construct that can be enhanced in response to stressful events (Kossek & Perrigino, 2016). It incorporates a dynamic process by which individuals use protective factors (internal and external) to positively adapt to stress over time (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Rutter, 1987). Building on the dual-pathway model of resilience, we integrate adaptive and proactive coping to the resilience development process and add a heretofore unexamined perspective to the ways in which resilience changes over time. We propose that resilience development trajectories differ depending on the type of adversity or stress experienced in combination with the use of adaptive and proactive coping. We outline the need for future longitudinal studies to examine these relationships and the implications for developing resilience interventions in the workplace.

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Examining and Exploring the Shifting Nature of Occupational Stress and Well-Being
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-422-0

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Book part
Publication date: 3 March 2025

Lilana Sukkari

Governments worldwide are placing a greater emphasis on enhancing ecology and the environment as a result of escalating ecological issues. One possible approach is sustainable…

Abstract

Governments worldwide are placing a greater emphasis on enhancing ecology and the environment as a result of escalating ecological issues. One possible approach is sustainable governance. This chapter explores the interrelated roles of internal control, environmental accounting, and environmental auditing mechanisms in promoting sustainable governance and green transformation. By looking at these three aspects, the chapter illustrates how integrated approaches can promote sustainable practices and guarantee adherence to environmental standards. The objective of this chapter is to present a thorough knowledge of the ways in which these components work together to support sustainability as a whole.

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Article
Publication date: 9 October 2023

Enrique Izquierdo-Cervera and Francisco Sogorb-Mira

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the European Central Bank’s (ECB) Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) on Spanish sovereign debt.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the European Central Bank’s (ECB) Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) on Spanish sovereign debt.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors assess the impact of the PSPP on Spanish Government bonds from two different transmission channels (the signalling and the portfolio substitution) with two effects for each of them (the announcement and the expectation effects for the former and the stock and the rebalancing effects for the latter). The empirical study has been undertaken with event study methodology, controlled by macroeconomic variables, panel data and cross-sectional regression analyses.

Findings

The results show that both the ECB’s purchases under the PSPP and the announcements reduced Spanish Government bond yields. Compared to previous literature the Spanish Government bond yields reductions are larger than those for other countries.

Research limitations/implications

The authors’ approach to the impact of investors’ expectations is interesting, although they cannot draw evidence on this issue due to the lack of data.

Practical implications

From an economic perspective, the ECB can change economic agents’ expectations without actually carrying out any programme, only by announcing such a programme.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature examining the PSPP from different transmission channels in Spain, taking into account the announcements, the expectations, the purchases and the variation in debt holdings relating to the PSPP from the beginning of the programme until 2020. Due to the large degree of heterogeneity across euro area countries, the results in this paper should improve our understanding of the relative differences in the impact of the PSPP and, thus, be of interest to academics and policymakers.

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Studies in Economics and Finance, vol. 40 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1086-7376

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Book part
Publication date: 13 April 2022

Andrew Baerg

The chapter explores the developments in work on the history of quantification and sport, explaining how quantification in sport is generally understood, and then establishing…

Abstract

Purpose

The chapter explores the developments in work on the history of quantification and sport, explaining how quantification in sport is generally understood, and then establishing what a sociological approach offers to scholars interested in exploring new expressions of these developments in biometrics and Big Data. It then outlines some potential directions scholars might pursue to further develop knowledge of these developments in the context of sport.

Design/methodology/approach

The chapter synthesizes existing literature from the sociology of quantification, sport sociology and quantification, and Big Data to provide historical, contemporary, and future oriented assessments of sport and datafication.

Findings

By situating a discussion of Big Data and biometrics in the context of sport, this chapter argues for the value of a sociological approach to these areas. The chapter engages prior work as a way to move scholars to challenge the assumed epistemological and political power of numbers for the way we engage sport.

Research limitations/implications (if applicable)

The chapter argues for a number of future areas of study that may push the boundaries of existing research in the area.

Originality/value

The chapter provides a survey of the literature on sport, analytics, and Big Data as an impetus for future research into the importance of a sociological approach to these areas in the context of sport.

Details

Sport, Social Media, and Digital Technology
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-684-1

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Article
Publication date: 8 June 2023

Tarcisio Abreu Saurin, Siri Wiig, Riccardo Patriarca and Tor Olav Grotan

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop a model of the hypothesized relationships between investments and outcomes of resilient health care (RHC).

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop a model of the hypothesized relationships between investments and outcomes of resilient health care (RHC).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the extant literature, the aforementioned model is described along with proxy measures of its composing variables and a matrix for assessing the cost-effectiveness of RHC instantiations. Additional possible relationships are set out in two propositions for theory testing.

Findings

The model conveys that RHC gives rise to both desired and undesired outcomes. Investments moderate the relationships between RHC and its outcomes. Both investments and outcomes can be broadly categorized as either human or technical. Moreover, the propositions refer to what type and how much investment is necessary to perform in a resilient manner, what are the intended or desired outcomes of RHC, for how long and who is affected by these outcomes.

Originality/value

The cost-effectiveness perspective of RHC is new and the proposed model opens opportunities for empirical and theoretical research.

Details

International Journal of Health Governance, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-4631

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Book part
Publication date: 30 January 2025

Seyi S. Stephen, Ayodeji E. Oke, Clinton O. Aigbavboa, Opeoluwa I. Akinradewo, Pelumi E. Adetoro and Matthew Ikuabe

This chapter delved into the multifaceted landscape of construction partnering, exploring its key aspects, promotion factors, and associated challenges. It examined how partnering…

Abstract

This chapter delved into the multifaceted landscape of construction partnering, exploring its key aspects, promotion factors, and associated challenges. It examined how partnering principles are applied in various construction contexts, including stealth construction, where integration of advanced technologies and collaborative practices is pivotal. Moreover, it highlighted the significance of partnering in addressing crucial considerations such as environmental protection, health and safety, project delivery duration, aesthetics, and economy during and after the construction phase. Through collaborative efforts and shared responsibilities, construction partnering emerges as a cornerstone for achieving excellence and sustainability in the built environment.

Details

Stealth Construction: Integrating Practices for Resilience and Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83608-183-8

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